Упр. 2. Инфинитивные конструкции
(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на употребление конструкции Complex Subject. Подчеркните сложное подлежащее.
1. In 1829, two locomotives were imported from England to the U.S., but they were found to be too heavy for the existing tracks.
2. The electric locomotive’s service life is supposed to be about 30 years.
3. The Pendolino tilting trains are reported to be introduced on this section of the mainline early next year.
(B) Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на употребление конструкции Complex Object. Подчеркните сложное дополнение.
1. The application of the air brake causes the train to stop rather quickly.
2. A taxi driver refused to take a check; he wanted the passenger to pay in cash.
3. The chief engineer supposes emergency repairs of the damaged braking system to take several days.
Упр. 3. Многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have
Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Укажите функцию глаголов tobe и to have.
1. In the 19th century, the railway tunnels were made as small as possible to reduce construction costs.
2. At the terminus of the Underground, the engine driver is to move to the other end of the train.
3. The Waldenburg railway built in 1880 has the narrowest gauge of all the railways in Switzerland: 750 mm.
4. James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer, who was famous for his improvements of the steam engine.
5. Passing the curve, freight trains have to decrease their speed.
Упр. 4. Условные Предложения
Составьте предложения из двух частей. Письменно переведите предложения, которые относятся ко второму типу.
| 1. If Russia had a large fleet of high-capacity containers, … 2. Provided the tunnel will be bored, … 3. Had you caught the earlier train, … 4. If this railway were reconstructed, … 5. If he had used new materials, … | a) track maintenance cost would be reduced. b) the railroad will be 30 km shorter. c) the device would have been more reliable. d) we could have traveled together. e) the freight turnover would be greatly increased. |
Упр. 5. Задайте общие, разделительные, альтернативные и специальные вопросы.
1. Our best diesel locomotive develops a speed of 170 km per hour.
2. About 60 % of the world's railroad network has been built to standard gauge (1,435 mm).
3. The first refrigerated cars in Japan entered service in 1908 for fish transport.
4. Tunnels are built for direct movement of automobiles or trains through mountain ranges or under rivers.
5. These express buses stop only at the subway stations.
Упр. 6. Перепишите текст и переведите его.
Channel Tunnel
Since 1802 there have been various proposals to connect the British and French coasts separated by the English Channel (or La Manche as they call it in France). For several reasons, these proposals were rejected. Only in the late 1980s, it became possible to realize the project.
The prime contractor for the construction was the Anglo-French TransManche Link, a consortium of 10 construction companies and 5 banks of the two countries. Tunneling started in 1988 and lasted for two years. 15,000 workers were employed to accomplish this unprecedented project. Tunneling operations were conducted simultaneously from the French and British coasts. A tunneling rate was 426 m a week. The total length of the tunnel is 50 km, of which 39 m are undersea.
The tunnel was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II and French President François Mitterrand in a ceremony held in Calais (France) on May 6, 1994. But regular services began only in December 1994.
The Channel Tunnel consists of three parallel tunnels: two 7.6-metre diameter rail tunnels and a 4.8-metre diameter service tunnel between the two main tunnels. By means of passages, it is connected to the main tunnels at regular intervals. It allows maintenance workers to access the tunnel complex and provides a safe route for escape during emergencies.
Four types of trains operate on the Tunnel:
• Eurostar, a high speed passenger train. It connects London with Paris and Brussels.
• Shuttle trains. They carry cars, coaches, and vans; passengers stay with their vehicles. It takes about 8 minutes to roll the vehicle onto the railcar.
• Freight shuttle trains. They carry trucks on open railcars, with the lorry drivers traveling in separate passenger coaches. Freight shuttles can carry 28 automobiles.
• Freight trains. These trains carry conventional rail freight or containerized freight between Great Britain and the Continent.
In 2009, over 9 million passengers traveled through the tunnel on Eurostar and 7 million people on shuttle trains. Rail freight carried through the Channel Tunnel was over 15 million tons in 2009. A journey through the tunnel by Eurostar lasts about 20 minutes; a shuttle train journey totals about 35 minutes. Each train travels at 130 kmh when under the sea.
ВАРИАНТ 3
Упр. 1. Инфинитив