Ex. 16. Read the sentences, replacing the Russian words with their English equivalents.

1. To get to New Orleans, we придётся change trains in Birmingham.

2. I hope they смогли buy tickets for the last train.

3. German Rail пришлось stop passenger services on about 30 secondary lines in East Germany because of the poor state of the infrastructure.

4. Any engineer может give you information on this question.

5. Larry приходится travel back and forth between London and Paris every week.

6. The train должен reach its destination in an hour.

7. To get to Moscow from St.Petersburg, passengers могут choose either the day- or night-time train.

8. I think that I смогу meet you at the station.

9. You придётся hurry up if you want to catch the train.

10. Mr. Crank не смог participate in the conference because he должен был go on business to Moscow.

11. At last, the passengers разрешили get on the carriage.

12. To lay down the track in the permafrost zone, workers пришлось use new equipment.

13. We можем book train tickets by phone or over the Internet.

14. People in large cities приходится spend a lot of money for paying the fares in public transport.

15. If I не смогу get the tickets for the fast train, we придётся go by the stopper.

16. The new passenger car должен begin its service in several months.

Ex. 17. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences.

1. The conductor___ check up tickets of all the passengers before the train departure.

a) will be allowed b) can to c) is to d) have to

2. It is a non-smoking carriage. You _____ smoke here.

a) must not b) should c) will be able to d) are allowed to

3. You ___ change trains in Moscow because there is no direct train to Minsk.

a) shouldn’t b) could c) will have to d) is be able to

4. Until the 19^th century, people ___ travel freely between most countries without a passport.

a) are allowed to b) were to c) should d) were able to

5. The train ___ arrive at 5 p.m. but it detained because of track repair work.

a) should b) had not to c) was able to d) was to

6. The train ___ depart from the station, as the line was busy.

a) couldn’t b) isn't allowed to c) wasn’t to d) weren't able to

7. They ___ leave yesterday because there were no tickets available for today’s train.

a) were able to b) had to c) could d) was allowed to

8. Airline passengers ___ use mobile telephones during the flight.

a) are able to b) aren’t allowed to c) were to d) shouldn't

9. Passengers ___ keep their tickets till the end of the trip.

a) had to b) should c) are able to d) were to

10. Next year, the railway ___ increase the train fares because of inflation.

a) should b) won’t be able to c) can d) will have to

11. The suitcase was so heavy that Robert ___ change it from hand to hand all the time.

a) were to b) will be allowed to c) had to d) was able to

12. You ___ leave your luggage in the left-luggage office.

a) has to b) are able to c) should to d) was allowed to

Ex. 18. Complete the sentences with an equivalent of the modal verb from the list.

A
1. You ___ change trains because there is no direct train to Boston. 2. Passengers ___ buy train tickets on the day of departure or reserve them in advance. 3. The London Underground ___ pump 30,000 cubic meters of water out of its tunnels each day. 4. To stop the car, the driver ___ use the hand brake. 5. No British high-speed trains ___ run in service above 200 km/h. 6. Locomotives and cars for the first Russian railway ___ be ordered from abroad. 7. On this dangerous section of the line, the trains ___ move at the speed of 60 kmh. 8. As the train stopped for 30 minutes, the passengers ___ get off.	a) had to b) are allowed to c) is to d) will have to e) are to f) were allowed to g) were to h) are able to
B
1. You ___ transfer to another line at the next Metro station. 2. To keep a railway track in good condition, ballast ___ be regularly cleaned. 3. As a rule, passengers ___ enter a baggage car while a train is in motion. 4. Many railways ___ start dieselization (введение тепловозной тяги) only after World War II. 5. To finish the journey on time, the driver ___ increase the train speed. 6. Tomorrow, I ___ get up early to catch the 6.00 train. 7. Several passengers missed (опаздывать) the train and ___ wait another for two hours. 8. He ___ repair the engine himself.	a) will have to b) was able to c) aren’t allowed to d) is to e) are able to f) was to g) were be able to h) had to