Ex.13. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary of the unit.

1. Скоростные и высокоскоростные дороги Китая включают: модернизированные обычные железнодорожные линии, новые линии, построенные специально для движения высокоскоростных поездов.

2. Высокоскоростной наземный железнодорожный транспорт, обеспечивает движение скоростных поездов со скоростью свыше 200 км/ч.

3. Движение таких поездов, как правило, осуществляется по специально выделенным железнодорожным путям.

4. Впервые регулярное движение высокоскоростных поездов началось в 1964 году в Японии.

5. В 1981 году высокоскоростные поезда стали курсировать во Франции, а вскоре большая часть западной Европы, включая даже островную Великобританию, оказалась объединена в единую высокоскоростную железнодорожную сеть.

6. В России регулярная эксплуатация высокоскоростных поездов «Сапсан», по общим путям с обычными поездами, началась в конце 2009 года.

7. В основном, высокоскоростные поезда перевозят пассажиров, однако существуют разновидности, предназначенные и для перевозки грузов.

8. В основном, на высокоскоростных железных дорогах применяемые технологии аналогичны стандартным технологиям железнодорожного транспорта.

9. Согласно проекту, длина высокоскоростной железной дороги должна была составить 659,1 км, ширина колеи — 1520 мм.

10. Высокоскоростные поезда при скоростях до 400 км/ч будут преодолевать 649 км за 2,5 ч.

Additional text

Read the text and translate it using a dictionary. Check your translating speed.

High-speed rail is emerging in Europe as an increasingly popular and efficient means of transport. The first high-speed rail lines in Europe, built in the 1980s and 1990s, improved travel times on intra-national corridors. Since then, several countries have built extensive high-speed networks, and there are now several cross-border high-speed rail links. Railway operators frequently run international services, and tracks are continuously being built and upgraded to international standards on the emerging European high-speed rail network. In 2007, a consortium of European railway operators, Railteam, emerged to coordinate and boost cross-border high-speed rail travel. Developing a Trans-European high-speed rail network is a stated goal of the European Union, and most cross-border railway lines receive EU funding. As of 2012, several countries in Western Europe – France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom – are connected to a cross-border high-speed railway network. This is expected to change in the coming years as Europe invests heavily in tunnels, bridges and other infrastructure and development projects across the continent, many of which are under construction now.

The Trans-European high-speed rail network is one of a number of the European Union's Trans-European transport networks. It was defined by the Council Directive of 23 July 1996.

The aim of this EU Directive is to achieve the interoperability of the European high-speed train network at the various stages of its design, construction and operation.

The network is defined as a system consisting of a set of infrastructures, fixed installations, logistic equipment and rolling stock.

On 5 June 2010, the European Commissioner for Transport signed a Memorandum of Understanding with France and Spain concerning a new high speed rail line across the Pyrenees to become the first link between the high speed lines of the two countries. Furthermore, high speed lines between Helsinki and Berlin (Rail Baltica), and between Lyon and Budapest, were promoted.

Unit 2

Ex. 1. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

Word-box:

articulated train – сочленённый поезд axle – ось bogie – тележка boiler – паровой котёл coupler –сцепка current frequency – частота тока electric multiple unit – электропоезд electrify – электрифицировать external combustion engine – двигатель внешнего сгорания multi-powered unit – дизель-электропоезд regular service – регулярное сообщение, регулярные рейсы three-phase current – трёхфазный ток

Ex. 2. Copy the following words and memorize their meanings:

advent – наступление эпохи

albeit – хотя

breakout – внезапное начало

contemporary – современный

establish – устанавливать

evaluate – оценивать

feasibility – осуществимость; возможность

fit with – снаряжать, оснащать

joint venture – совместное предприятие

indicate – показывать

merge – сливаться, соединяться

respectively – соответственно

streamlined – обтекаемый

surpass – превосходить, превышать

thereby – таким образом

time-consuming – трудоёмкий

Ex.3. Read the following sentences and translate them into Russian:

1. The advent of the computer has brought this sort of task within the bounds of possibility. 2. Charles's letter was indeed published, albeit in a somewhat abbreviated form. 3. They will first send in trained nurses to evaluate the needs of the individual situation. 4. The contemporary avant-garde composers all concur in the principle of the triad. 5. There was no financial feasibility to keep the community centre open. 6. He was considered as a tough albeit fair boss. 7. The principle of the supremacy of national parliaments needs to be firmly established. 8. In a joint venture, both parties are equally invested in the project in terms of money, time, and effort to build on the original concept. 9. Unbalanced growth or outward expansion of one neighbor may necessitate an administrative decision to merge. 10. The workweek and weekend are those complementary parts of the week devoted to labour and rest respectively. 11. Facing a catastrophic loss of business during the Great Depression, American railroads cast their eyes on streamlined trains of light weight material, streamlined to gain speed, and using an internal combustion diesel engine rather than steam. 12. He became a citizen in 1978, thereby gaining the right to vote. 13. Most tools can be fitted with a new handle. 14. His tone indicated that he didn't hold out much hope. 15. The number of multiple births has surpassed 100,000 for the first time.

Ex.4. Read the following numerals:

0 – zero

· decimals: 0.0006 – zero point zero zero six

· percentages: 0.03% – zero point zero three percent

· water freezes at 0º C – zero degrees Celsius

0 – Oh

· What time is it? – 5:06 – five oh six; 6:26 – six twenty six; 4:35 – four thirty five

· Telephone numbers: 806 595813– eight oh six five nine five eight one six

(area code) (phone number)

· Address: I live at 102 King Street – one oh two

· Sports scores: Who won the game last night? – The Toronto Maple Leaves won 2-0 – two – nothing! The score was tied 6-6! – six-all - The score was 3-2! – three – two

· Money: 10.00$ – ten dollars; 6.25$ – six dollars and twenty five cents;

· Years: the 1900s – the nineteen hundreds; the 1960s – the nineteen sixties; a decade – 10 years; 1909 – nineteen oh nine; 1998 – nineteen ninety-eight; 2001 – two thousand and one; 2010 – two thousand and ten or twenty ten

· Population: The population of Canada is 33,311,389 – thirty-three million three hundred and eleven thousand three hundred and eighty nine. The population of China is 1,325,639,982 – one billion three hundred and twenty-five million six hundred and thirty-nine thousand nine hundred and eighty two.

· Speed: 120 km/h – one hundred and twenty kilometers per hour

Say the following numerals:

· decimals: 6.057; 12.08; 0.579; 3.2096; 1.93078; 7.098; 3.592

· percentages: 75, 8%; 10,33%; 13,87%; 92,09%; 57,99%; 11,48%

· temperature: 15 ºC; 25 ºC; 13ºC; 23 º; 35 ºC; 11 ºC; 27 ºC

· years: 2010; 1700; 1805; 1917; 1945; 1902; 1913; 2013; 1945; 1992

· dates:24/12; 1/5; 31/12; 8/3, 12/6; 4/11; 30/10; 4/7; 1/9; 23/2; 25/4

· speed: 96 km/h; 250 km/h; 28 km/h; 70 km/h; 160 km/h; 202.58 km/h; 320 km/h

· telephone numbers: 2020458; 495 5387200; 89171090812; 89279912865

· money: 12.15$; 100.99$; 78.50$; 1.000.000$; 2.586.000$, 9.586.500.000$