Wco and wcs to collaborate on illegal

WILDLIFE TRADE

BRUSSELS, 7 January 2016¹

The World Customs Organization (WCO) and the WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at reducing the amount of illegal wildlife products moving across international borders. The MoU was signed by Dr. Cristián Samper, WCS President and CEO, and Kunio Mikuriya, Secretary General of the WCO.

As the criminal networks that profit from wildlife trafficking have become more organized, the illegal cross- border trade in wildlife has been made more sophisticated through the use of superior technology. Stopping the trafficking of illegal wildlife and wildlife products is essential to conserving endangered species such as elephants, tigers, marine turtles, pangolins, and many others.

With the signing of this MoU, WCO and WCS agree to exchange information, collaborate on policy decisions, and cooperate in multiple ways in efforts to stop illegal wildlife trade. WCO and WCS affirmed that the issue should be addressed through commensurate and oordinated national, regional and international measures.

¹ http://www.wcoomd.org/en/media/newsroom/2016/january/wco-and-wcs-to-collaborate-on-illegal-wildlife-trade.aspx

Customs officials across the globe are on the front line in efforts to prevent smuggling of illegal wildlife products across international borders. A total of 180 governments are members of the WCO, representing more than 98 percent of world trade. WCS staff members have conducted training for WCO and Customs officials in many countries, an example of beneficial collaboration that could expand under this agreement.

Susan Lieberman, WCS Vice President of International Policy, said, «By working side by side with those on the front lines of combating trafficking, we collaborate to stop this scourge and enable more effective conservation of endangered species».

«I am pleased to be able to count on the support of WCS to meet the complex challenges posed by the illegal wildlife trade. Together we will work to strengthen Customs enforcement capabilities and promote exchange of information and partnerships between relevant stakeholders», said WCO Secretary General Kunio Mikuriya.

WCO and WCS are members of the Transport Task Force of United for Wildlife, where both have worked collaboratively and productively for the past year with other members to engage the transport industry in efforts to halt wildlife trafficking.

IV. Translate the following into Russian.

Economic life does not stop at national boundaries but flows back and forth across them. Many efforts have been made in modern times to promote trade among nations. The ways in which this may be attempted range from agreements among governments to reduce or eliminate trade barriers to more ambitious attempts to harmonize economic politics.

V. Punctuate the following text.

The exponential increase in global trade and the changing dynamics of the international supply chain have created new demands and perspectives on the role of Customs administrations while businesses seek to move goods faster in the supply chain at reduced costs Customs administrations are required to process increasing volumes of cargo with lesser reliance on physical intervention and with greater efficiency and speed without compromising on its security revenue collection and enforcement

responsibilities in order to accomplish this there is an increasing need for Customs administrations and businesses to collaborate with each other and with other stakeholders to ensure regulations policies and programs effectively respond to an ever changing environment a dynamic partnership is essential to drive innovation and economic growth opportunities and at the same time create a more cost-effective efficient and responsive Customs administration.

VI. Translate the following into English.

Работа таможни оказывает существенное влияние на движение товаров через международные границы. Для повышения эффек-тивности движения товаров в международной торговле правительст-вам через свои таможенные органы следует как можно скорее про-вести анализ существующей таможенной практики и разработать

программу реформ применительно к тем процедурам, которые будут определены как неэффективные и излишние. При этом следует учи-тывать положения существующ х международных конвенций по

упрощению и гармонизации таможенных процедур (Киотской кон-

венции Совета таможенного сот удн чества). Эту работу следует проводить, учитывая нациобеспечениянальные интересы торговых и транспорт-

ных организаций для полной координации деятельности перевозчиков, портов и орган в там женного контроля.

DO IT FOR FUN

I. Define the names of the following documents:

convention pact contract

treaty agreement concord

resolution

Make up sentences with the above documents using the list of verbs below.

to sign	to complete	to foster
to conclude	to adopt	to support
to endorse	to approve	to pass

to enact	to ratify	to accept
to confirm	to back	to sanction
to accomplish	to achieve	to work out
to benefit	to put into practice	to function
to negotiate	to provide	to enter into
to turn down	to decline	to reject

II. Make a two-way translation of participial and adjectival phrases used in international documents.

Russian	English
Конференция	…
Будучи воодушевленным	being …
– встревоженным	– alarmed
– …			– disturbed
– уведомленным	having been advised (informed, notified)
Выполняя		exercising (fulfilling, implementing)
Выражая		беспокойство,	expressing alarm of (being concerned)
тревогу
– неодобрение	deploring
– озабоченность	expressing its concern
		– …	appreciating, expressing its appreciation
		– …	expressing its alarm of
Выяснив мнен е	…
		…	highly appreciating, assessing
Движимый бесп койством	…
– желанием	…
	(на сн вании,	…
в соотв тствии)
Ж лая			…
Затр бовав	…
Действуя
		…	having examined
		…	bearing in mind
Имея в чьем-либо распо-	…
ряжении
Исходя из		considering that, proceeding from

Russian	English
Констатируя	noting, observing
Надеясь		…
Обращая (чье-либо) вни-	…
мание на
	…	urging smb. to do smth.;
		referring to the urgent appeal for
	…	declaring
Одобряя		…
	…	basing on
Осуждая		condemning
Отмечая		…
	…	remembering
	…	having considered further; having
		re-examined
	…	supporting
	…	being of the opinion; believing
Понимая		…
Поручая		directing, instructing
Предписывая	directing
	…	reporting
	…	welcoming
Придя к заключен ю	…
Признавая		acknowledging, agreeing
Приняв решение	…
	…	having consulted
	…	striving, trying
		…
Руководствуясь	…
Разрешив	…	abiding by, adhering to (the
	recommendations)
Уполномочив	…
	…	in view of, considering, noting, taking
		into account

III. Find the following hidden words in the word search.

AMENDMENT NOMENCLATURE

THREATENED TEMPORARY

CONTRACTING ADMISSION

TRANSPARENCY KYOTO

APPLICATION ENFORCEMENT PARTIES

UNIT 18. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

AND LOGISTICS

Study the following words and word combinations from the text.

a supply chain цепочка поставок

supply chain management управление цепочками поставок

velocity быстрота, скорость

to track отслеж вать

consolidation объед нен е

a third-party logistics 3PL-п овайдер (предоставление комп-

provider (3PL) лекса логистических услуг от достав-

ки и адресного хранения до управле-ния заказами и отслеживани)

The supply chain is the flow of parts and raw materials from their point of origin to the factory gates, then through the factory as work-in-process, and finally out of the factory as finished goods to be delivered to the final customer.

A modern manufacturing operation might have hundreds of suppliers providing different parts and components, and each of these suppliers will in turn have their own suppliers providing simpler parts, raw materials, etc. This is the upstream end of the supply chain. Similarly, the downstream end of the chain might consist of distributors, multiple customers, etc, and will involve batches of goods being shipped at different times to different places.

Supply chain management

During the whole process, from beginning to end, inventory (e.g parts and goods) needs to be stored in warehouses and distribution centres and then transported as needed.

All of this involves a huge amount of computerized information about the location of inventory, its expected arrival time at the next

point, etc. This information has to be shared across many different companies and IT networks: suppliers, customers, third party logistics providers and the manufacturer itself. The management of this information is critical to the success of the business.

So, supply chain management (SCM) makes sure that the right items are in the right place at the right time and in the right quantities.

There are of course wider strategic issues:

v How many suppliers should there be? And where?

v Where should the production facilities, distribution centres and warehouses be located?

v What distribution channels should be used?

v Which logistics companies should be used, both upstream and downstream?

v How can IT be used to integrate all the processes, make them more efficient, flag up potential bottlenecks, give clear signals of demand downstream, etc?

v How is cash flow and payment to all the parties involved in the supply chain going to be managed?

The aim of SCM is to collaborate with all the supply chain partners to improve the visibility and velocity of inventory.

Logistics

The word «logistics» refers to the practical issues surrounding transportation, warehousing and inventory management. Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.

Where there is an external focus it's more or less a synonym for SCM, but it can also have an internal focus, getting materials from site A to site

В inside a company at different stages of the business process.

The term «logistics» is also used in smaller companies where «supply chain management» seems too grand.

The complexity of logistics

· It involves both inbound and outbound goods.

· It includes reverse logistics (e.g., when goods are returned to the manufacturer, either because of customer returns, or overstocked inventory at the retailers, or outdated merchandise that can no longer sell).

· It involves unloading items from one means of transport and loading onto another. This can be at a distribution centre or warehouse. There are three possibilities:

Hub and spoke

Consolidation

Deconsolidation

Materials

are

A variety of smaller

Large

shipments

brought

in to

one

shipments

are

are broken down

central location and

combined into

one

into smaller lots for

then

sorted

for

larger shipment

for

ease of delivery

delivery to a variety

economy of transport

of destinations

· It involves materials handling inside the factory: goods are placed on pallets and moved around on fork-lift trucks.

· It involves inventory management at every stage using IT. This includes the ability to track items in transit.

· It involves co-ordination with related business functions such as purchasing and plant management.

· It involves a choice of means of transport: air (using special cargo airlines): sea (with containers stacked up on top of each other); road (vans, or trucks with trailers); rail (using wagons / freight cars).

· It involves a decision whether or not to use a third-party logistics provider (3PL)¹. These companies provide integrated pick-and-pack, warehousing and distribution. They can also act as forwarding agents to handle shipping arrangements.

EXERCISES

I. Find a word in the text that matches each definition below. The words appear in order.

a. at an earlier stage in a process ––––––––––

b. at a later stage in a process ––––––––––

c. groups of things that are made (or dealt with) together ––––––––––

d. large buildings for storing goods ––––––––––

e. (two words) buildings used for the storage of goods which will later be shipped to retail outlets ––––––––––

f. (four words) external firms that provide specialist services such as transportation and warehousing ––––––––––

g. (phrasal verb) draw attention to something ––––––––––

h. delays in one stage of a process that make the whole process take longer ––––––––––

i. coming towards or arriving at (e.g. a factory or airport) ––––––––

j. (formal) goods for sale ––––––––––

k. taking goods off a vehicle ––––––––––

¹ 3PL is a firm that provides service to its customers of outsourced (or thirdparty) logistics services for part, or all of their supply chain management functions.

l. (three words) the design of the inner part of a wheel, with a central part and lines coming out of it ––––––––––

m. flat wooden structures used for moving or storing heavy goods ––––––––––

n. (two words) vehicles with special equipment at the front for lifting and moving heavy objects ––––––––––

o. follow the progress of ––––––––––

p. (phrasal verb) arranged into a neat pile ––––––––––

r. back sections of trucks that can be separated, and are used for carrying heavy objects ––––––––––

s. process of starting with a large quantity of goods, sorting them according to different destinations, and then re-packaging them with new shipping labels ––––––––––

II. Read the definitions and complete the examples with one of these words: cargo, freight.

a. goods carried by ship or aircraft [+ of] Example: a ship carrying a –––––––––– of oil

b. goods carried by ship, train or aircraft; the system of moving these goods

Example: –––––––––– services

III. Make phrases by matching an item from each column.

1. supply a. provider

2. finished d. customer

3. final c. chain

4. logistics d. agent

5. distribution e. goods

6. forwarding f. channel

IV. Complete the following text about logistics using the words in the box.

forecasting, balancing, handling, selecting, warehousing, negotiating, ensuring, linking

«Logistics» is a term that is used in many different ways. Using a broad definition it can include all of the following:

Customer service

1 –––––––––– the right product is at the right place at the right time.

Demand2 –––––––––– and planning

Determining the quantity of goods that need to be ordered in the future.

Inventory management and materials3 ––––––––––

Keeping the supply chain flowing, with no bottlenecks, by 4 –––––––

––– the quantity of items at different locations and different stages in the process.

Communication technology

5 –––––––––– the organization to its suppliers

with IT, for example to provide information about demand patterns to facilitate Just-In-Time delivery.

Transportation

6 –––––––––– the best means of transportation (e.g. air, rail, ship, truck).

Purchasing

7 –––––––––– with suppliers about price, availability, quality, etc.

8 ––––––––––

Locating and designing facilities that allow efficient storage and distribution.

All the above activities must be coordinated properly. Inevitably there will be trade-offs – less of one thing and more of something else – in order to achieve the best outcome overall.

V. Discuss the following.

1. SCM means that the manufacturer has to share a lot of commercial information with suppliers and customers, treating them like partners. Are there any risks to this?

2. Compare air, sea, road and rail from logistics point of view.

FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES

I. Read the definitions. Supply the missing letters to each word.

1. companies which sell products to the	r _ _ _ i l _ _s
public
2. goods or products which are stored and
waiting to be sold	s _ _ c k
3. another name for a shop	s _ _ _ e
4. a place to store goods	_ a	h	s
5. when not enough goods are produced	s h	t f a _ l
by a manufacturer
6. when shops have empty shelves	s o _ k-o u _ s
7. financial punishments	p _ _ a _ t _ e s

II. Match these words to make noun partnerships.

1.	production	a.	value
2.	manufacturing	b.	goods
3.	market	c.	capacity
4.	industry	d.	costs
5.	production	e.	average
6.	consumer	f.	shortfall

III. Complete these sentences using the prepositions in the box.

against	away	for	for	for
from	in	up	into	for

1. An efficient supply chain is a prize worth working …

2. It needs a lot of resources to compete … the prize of an efficient supply chain.

3. The importance of the supply chain is moving ... the agenda.

4. Supply-chain managers are looking … faster access to information.

5. In cases of production shortfalls, companies may need to bring … alternative suppliers.

6. In the retail sector, supply-chain problems can lead … empty shelves.

7. The cost of cancelled orders can run … billions of dollars.

8. Manufacturers are moving … … vertically integrated production.

9. The costs of running supply chains in the aerospace industry are small when set … the cost of building an aircraft.

10. About 80 per cent of the cost of an aircraft is accounted … by suppliers and partners.

IV. Match these words and phrases (a–j) with the verbs + prepositions in exercise III that they can replace (1–10).

a. result in f. try to win

b. taken up g. compared with

c. trying hard to get h. want

d. use / work with i. amount to

e. leaving / changing from j. becoming more important on

V. Speculate about the value of transport logistics for Belarus.

DO IT FOR FUN

Find the following hidden words in the word search.

RETAIL WAREHOUSE

PALLETS STOCK

TRACKS DISTRIBUTION

TRAILERS LOGISTICS