Послетекстовые упражнения. 1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русских сочетаний слов:
1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русских сочетаний слов:
Бурить скважину; во время процесса бурения; шлам поднимается из скважины; в затрубном пространстве; утяжеленная бурильная труба; сквозь (через) серию резервуаров (цистерн) и амбаров; любая необходимая обработка; заменить долото; удельный вес бурового раствора; водо-газоносные пласты; основные недостатки; наземное оборудование; растрачивается (попусту); мощность (в лошадиных силах); потеря циркуляции.
2. Найдите слова близкие по значению к следующим словам:
well; raise; to change energy; soft; factor tube; machinery; to work; beds; a reservoir; rocks; drilled by with the bit; a tool for drilling a hole.
3. Закончите предложения:
1) In the rotary method the hole is drilled with a….… to which a force is applied.
2) The cuttings are lifted from the hole by the … …
3) In order to replace the bit the drill pipe must be …. from the hole.
4) Power losses also depend upon the specific gravity of the….
Определите видовременную форму сказуемого форму сказуемого в следующих предложениях.
1) The idea of the rotary method was introduced into life in 1901.
2) The cuttings are lifted from the hole by the drilling fluid.
3) Drill pipes must be of high quality.
4) The installation are very noisy which makes working conditions hard.
5. Прочитайте ответы на вопрос. Затем вставьте соответствующее вопросительное слово (why; what; how; where) в начале каждого предложения.
| 1)…is the bit fastened to and rotated by in the rotary drilling? 2)… must the drill pipe be removed from the hole? 3) ….is the power transmitted from the surface to the bit. 4)….is Rotary drilling used? | By a drill string To replace the bit Through drilling string. In different geological conditions |
Подготовьте монологическое высказывание по теме “Drilling and Rotary Drilling”.
Lesson 7
Предтекстовые упражнения
Прочитайте следующие термины, постарайтесь запомнить их значения.
| gear [giə] revolution [revəlu:ʃn] spindle [spindl] hollow [hɔləu] torque [tɔ:k] cable [keibl] swivel [swivl] advantage [ədva:ntidʒ] inclination [inklineiʃn] inclinometer [inklinɔmetə] clutch [klʌtʃ] | шестерня, зубчатая передача, привод революция, круговое вращение, полный оборот ось, шпиндель, вал пустой, полый, углубление, полость крутящий момент кабель, канат вертлюг преимущество искривление (скважины) кренометр, инклинометр зубец, зажим, муфта сцепления |
Переведите словосочетания, пользуясь «правилом ряда».
reducing gear, bottom hole electrodrill, petroleum industry, oil bath, drilling fluid, ball bearings, rubber supports, fluid pressure, high pressure pumps
3. Прочитайте текст и найдите в нем предложения, в которых говорится:
1) об основных элементах электробура;
2) о размерах электробура;
3) о преимуществах бурения электробуром.
Electrodrilling
In 1937-38 the Soviet engineers Ostrovsky and Alexandrov designed the first bottom hole electrodrill.
The electric motor (1,500 r.p.m) was provided with a reducing gear for decreasing the revolutions of the bit.
In the petroleum Industry of the USSR they use electrodrill 215 to 250 mm in diameters, 7,5 to 12 m long, 500 to 700 r.p.m.
Main elements of an electrodrill are: the electromotor in oil bath and spindle to transmit rotation and power to the bit: the electric motor is provided with a hollow shaft for circulating drilling fluid through to the bit.
The shaft is thin-walled, calculated not for axial loading but for torque only. Thus, it is provided with a spindle – a short, thick-walled, strong shaft on ball bearings or rubber supports. Ball bearings are lubricated by oil from the oil bath: rubber is lubricated by drill fluid in the chamber (not oil).
A gear clutch connects the motor’s shaft and the spindle. The electrodrill is powered by means of a special 3-line cable, constantly fixed in each drill pipe of conventional sizes – 65/8” and 5.9/16”; the ends of the pipes carry clampings providing electrical contacts.
An electrical swivel is fixed under the swivel to transmit electric power to the bottom hole motor. The fluid is circulated through the drill pipes. In the USSR dozens of wells 2,000 – 3,000 m deep were drilled by electrodrills.
Electrodrilling has technical and economic advantages over both rotary and turbodrilling:
1. Energy is transmitted to the bottom of the hole regardless of either the depth of the well or quantity and quality of the circulating fluid.
2. Since the drill pipes do not rotate and fluid pressure is not high, the life of pipes is constantly increased and, hence, steel consumption per one meter of drilling is decreased. High pressure pumps are not required.
3. Automation of the process is simplified, feeding of the bit is mechanized: a bottom hole inclimeters fixed over the drill makes it possible to measure constantly inclination of the well.
Послетекстовые упражнения
1. Найдите в тексте слова одного корня с нижеприведенными:
electricity, rotate, calculator, strength, connection, powerful, considerable, press, requirement, simple, measurement, economy, technician