Conversational Topic ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
The Telegraph
In 1752 an American Scientists Benjamin Franklin published his ideas about electricity.Experiments proved that electricitycould travel instantly over a very long piece of wire. A Danish scientist discovered that electricity could move a needle from left to right. Then a German worker made a code system. In 1837, the English scientist sent the first message by electric telegraph.In the United States Samuel Morse invented a code that used dots and dashes for the letters of the alphabet.. Finally he discovered that telegraph messages did not haveto be written, they could be sent in sound.In 1844, the first long-distance message was sent by telegraph - from Washington to Baltimore - 64 ilometers!
However, telegraph wires couldn't be hung over an ocean. And only in 1866 after many attempts the first transatlantic message was sent, 1900 transpacific cables were land. Nowadays any information can be sent to almost every country thanks to the telegraph system.
Великобритания.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland is situated on the British isles. It consists of for parts : England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244.000 square km . The population is more than 57 million . The capital of country is London . The country is washed by the North Sea , the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . The surface of England , Ireland is flat , but Scotland and Wales are moun-tainous . There are many rivers in Great Britain . The longest river is Severn .The U.K. is a parliamentary monarchy . The British Parliament consists of two Houses : the House of Lords and the House of Commons . The Prime Minister is the head of the government .
London is very old city .It is situated on the river Thames . London has got three parts : the City of London , the West End , the East End . The City of London is the financial center of the U.K. The West End is the center of London . There are many museums, libraries, galleries and interesting place in London .
The East End of London is the district for the working people . There are many factories , work
shops . London is a beautiful city .
Beltelecom
The Republican Assotiation “Beltelecom” was founded on 30 June 1995. It to provide telecommunication services as a National Operator of the Republic of Belarus. Beltelecom is the owner of public network providing telephone, telegraph and telematic services to customers throughout Belarus. It’s aim is to pursue a consistent economic as well as scientific and technological policy in telecommunication sector.
Beltelecom incorporates diferents entities The first stages of formation was not easy. The Assotiation had to form the collective body and establish new relationships. They had to construct of Teleport, putt an international telex exchange into service, expand the packet switched data network "BelPak" and the digital overlay network. Beltelecom is a major telecom service in demand.
According to the Programme for the Development of Telecommunications in Belarus through the Year 2000, Beltelecom has carried out a large volume of work on planning new construction, extension, reconstruction and modernization of communication facilities. For example, it has expanded the capacity of local and rural networks, development of trunking services.
Beltelecom could become the very link in the world of communication that would tie the West Europe together with East Europe and other regions.
Conversational Topic ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment. But with the development of civilization man's interference in nature began to increase. Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever. The pollution of air and the world's ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man's careless interaction with nature, a sign of ecological crises. About 18 percent of the territory of Belarus were polluted with radioactive substances in the result hernobyl tragedy in April 1986. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power-station are tragic for the Belarusian nation. Environmental protection is a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.
159 countries - members of the UNO - have set up environmental protection agencies. The international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organisation Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.
The Inventor of the Radio
A. S. Popov, the great Russian inventor, was born in 1859. By the time he graduated from the Petersburg University (1882) |_he had already possessed a broad knowledge of electrical theory. Popov was one of the first to pay attention to the works of Hertz who proved by experiments the existence of electromagnetic waves. After many experiments carried out together with his assistant Ribkin the device Popov constructed began receiving electromagnetic waves at a long distance. On April 25, 1895, Alexander Popov demonstrated his device at the Russian Physico-Chemical Society. In summer 1895, Popov's invention was successfully tested and in the same year he attached to the device an apparatus previously used for recording telegrams over the wire telegraph. In the following year this receiver was used at the electric power station in Nizhny Novgorod for warning about approaching thunderstorm.
The great Russian inventor did not make any secret of his discovery, describing it in the press and making reports about it at the meetings of scientific societies. In the same year he demonstrated the transmissions of words over a wireless telegraph. The year 1898 witnessed a new important invention made by Popov together with his assistants Ribkin and Troitsky, namely the reception of audible signals by means of a receiver. Popov's radio telegraph helped to save the battleship "General Admiral Apraksin". Popov's work drew attention in many countries
AT THE POST-OFFICE
Nowadays it is difficult to imagine our life without post services, which are constantly developing and extending.At this time nobody is surprised, receiving a letter sent some days ago. We know that millions of letters travel by trains, by sea and air all over the world, however, this huge machine works perfectly.If you want to send a letter, you should purchase an envelope. The number of post stamps will depend on what kind of letter you send: a simple one, par avion or registered, inside the country or an international one. If you send any important documents, it is better to send them by certified mail. If you want a telegram be sent, firstly you should fill in a form, then the employee will calculate the amount of words and will tell you, how much the service is. There are various kinds of telegrams, but all of them will be handed to the recepient this day. Nowadays to send a telegram you don't need to go to a post-office because it can be made by telephone.
Our college.
I study at the Higher college of communication. It was founded in 1930 as Minsk Electrotechnical school. The time passed and in 1993 it was renamed into the Higher college of communication. The system of education in our college is new for our country. For students we have two buildings and three hostels (internat) to live. There is a restaurant for our students. In our college we have all necessary conditions to get a good education and to become the specialist of high quality. There are many god equipped laboratories, auditoriums and computer classes.
To enter our college is very difficult and is not very easy to study here. But in spite on difficult study. I believe that we shall become good specialist. I hope that we shall become good specialist.
Radio in our life.
Only 100 years ago Russian scientist Popov invented wireless and radio . Since the process of radio communication includes transmission and reception at signals . The necessary compo-nents of radio are a transmitter and a receiver . Radio waves are waves of very high frequency they travel through space at the speed of light . Due to radio we can be informed or the topics of the day . We can listen to a programmer on sports , art, news, music, weather. Another important use of this means of communicating is in shipping . Radar systems also enable air traffic controllers .
When people want to contact you they simply pick up the nearest telephone, dial your personal paging number. Doctors can be contracted immediately and return to their surgeny or hospital .
Radio has an important place in our life .
Telephone
In October 1876, Bell and Watson held the two-way long-distance telephone conversation. They spoke between Boston and Cambridge a distance of 3 kilometers.Telephone is an instrument that sents and receives voice messages, usually by means of electric current. The part of a telephone that a person picks up to make a phone call is the handeat. It has an earpiece and a mouthpiece. When the caller speaks into the mouthpiece, the telephone coukerts the sound waves of the person’s voice into an electric current. The telephone networks uses various devices to create an almost perfect duplicate of the current on the telephone. A telephone has tree mainpart: a dialing mechanism, a transmitter and a receiver.