I. Correct the mistakes, if any

1.The first galvanised cars were made by Porsche.

2.The electroplating of car body shells to prevent corrosion was introduced in 1975.

3.The first all-aluminium car was introduced into the market by Audi.

4.Audi increased manufacturer’s guarantee against corrosion to 12 years for aluminium bodies of its cars.

5.Audi launched new A-series in 1994-96.

6.Aluminium frame proved to be more resistant to torsion than a traditional steel frame.

7.Quattro four-wheel drive is standard for all makes of ASF.

8.A8 rates as the most fuel-efficient car.

9.Audi has worked out three e-tron concepts so far.

10.The first e-tron was powered by two electric motors at the rear axle.

11.The e-tron powered by two electric motors at the rear axle is thought to be the future for two-seat coupes with gas engines of middle size.

12.A1 e-tron concept can work even when the initial charge of the battery is non-existent.

13.A1 e-tron concept is the only one powered through the front wheels.

II. Fill in the gaps, be true to the meaning of the original text.

The A8 (1) __________ the Audi V8 in 1994, (2) _________ an aluminium space frame. This frame (3) ___________ weight and (4) _________torsion rigidity. The car (5) __________ less, but this is (6) ____________ by the Quattro four-wheel drive system. Experts consider the A8 to be usually the (7) _______ all-wheel drive car in the full-size luxury segment. They also believe it (8) _________ fuel in its (9) __________. The aluminium body has one big (10) _______________, which means you have to (11) __________ it in a specialized aluminium workshop.

Text 3. Honda CR-V

I. choose from the list the heading which best summarises each part of the article, there are four extra headings which you don’t need to use

(A)Expanding the configuration

(B)Power increase

(C)Real time four wheel drive system

(D)Changes in the interior

(E)Perfecting lower gear torque

(F)Pricing

(G)Trim-related price

(H)Four wheel drive of Honda CR-V

(I)Safety ratings

(J)Off-road driving types

(K)Increased performance rating

(L)Car appearance

(M)Honda off-road performance

(1)According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Crash Test Ratings, The Honda CR-V is rated "good" in frontal and side-impact crash tests by the IIHS, rollovers also proved satisfactory. However it is rated "marginal" in the roof strength test.

(2)For the 2010 model year, the CR-V receives modest style, powertrain, and equipment changes. The exterior changes include a redesigned front fascia with a new horizontal-slat chrome grille and honeycomb-designed lower front grille, new front bumper, and revised taillights. The rear bumper is also redesigned, as well as new five split-spoke 17-inch alloy wheels for EX and EX-L models.

(3)The interior gains minor changes, such as improved seat fabrics, and wider driver & front-passenger armrests. The audio head unit controls are altered and the information display backlighting in the gauges is blue instead of the previous black. USB audio input is standard in the EX-L trim while hands-free Bluetooth connectivity is exclusive to the EX-L trim equipped with navigation system.

(4)Horsepower is increased from 166 to 180 for 2010 and mileage is improved by 1 MPG for both front-wheel and all-wheel drive models. EPA ratings are now 21/28 MPG city/highway and 21/27 MPG city/highway respectively. Specified oil weight changed from 5W-20 to 0W-20 from previous years with a change to the K24Z6 engine.

(5)Prices are increased between $300 and $900 depending on trim level. The 2010 model went on sale in the United States on September 10, 2009.

(6)The CR-V facelift made available to European markets (as well as South Africa) features new added luxuries not previously seen before, and not available to Japanese, Asian, or American markets. Xenon (HID) headlights are available for the first time, as are 18" alloy wheels (19" optional), GPS/DVD navigation system, and a premium sound system with USB audio input. A panoramic glass moonroof is standard on upper spec models, and all models feature chrome exterior door handles. Externally, the vehicle also features complete body color-coding, on all lower body plastic cladding (models sold elsewhere in the world feature dark grey plastic lower cladding). The range of available colours has expanded greatly, and includes many new shades unique to the European model, including Premium White pearl and Ionized Bronze.

(7)Honda's Real Time 4WD system on the CR-V utilizes a dual hydraulic pump centre/rear differential and 4WD transfer case. The dual pump system employs two pumps, one driven by the drive shaft from the transfer case at the front of the vehicle, and the other driven by the rear differential. When there is a pressure difference of greater than 3% between these two pumps, a clutch that connects the front and rear axles begins to engage. The greater the difference in axle speeds, the more torque is applied to the rear. This system would most accurately be called ‘automatically engaged four wheel drive’ because the driver has no control over when the system engages. To allow the ABS braking system to function properly, the 4WD clutch will disengage if the brakes are applied. The B20Z engine sends 52% of the torque to the rear wheels or whichever wheel has the most traction.

(8)Later model CR-Vs equipped with automatic transmissions also have a lockup torque converter and Grade Logic program which aids the CR-V when climbing steep inclines by keeping the transmission in the lower gear. The 2007+ 4WD system was improved and sends an additional 20% more torque to the rear tires than earlier models.

(9)When driven off road, CR-Vs with the 4WD System are typically used in the Green Laning or Two-tracking type of off-roading. Also the CR-V had 8.9 inches (230 mm) of Ground clearance. The CR-V is moderately capable when driven off of the pavement. It can successfully navigate mild off road conditions, such as smooth dirt trails and if proper tires are used it can handle moderate amounts of snow.

Source: http://www.crossovercrv.com, http://www.iihs.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_CR-V

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