Заполните пропуски местоимениями, данными ниже. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Do you know …. about this phenomenon?

No, I know … about it.

2. Are there … new instruments in your laboratory?

Yes, there are … .

3. If you don’t know how to solve this equation, ask … to help you.

4. I didn’t find my instrument, I think that it is … on your shelf.

5. He was late because he didn’t ask … to show him the way.

6. The problem was so difficult that … could solve it.

Nobody; anything; some; anybody; somewhere; any; nothing; somebody.

LESSON 2.

MATTER

It is well known that any matter is composed of large numbers of very small mass particles called molecules.

They are in a state of continuous motion. In a solid they are closely packed and, give to the solid its definite shape. In a liquid, the molecules have a weaker cohesion and travel about with some freedom, so that the liquid takes up the shape of the vessel in which it is contained. In a gas, the molecules are still more mobile and relatively far apart. The cohesive force is small and the gas fills its container and is easily com­pressed or expanded.

When substances are heated the molecules move more in­tensely, and expansion or internal pressure arises.

An atom is the smallest particle of matter and it generally exists only in combination with other atoms.

Atoms consist of three kinds of particles — electrons, pro­tons and neutrons, and the numbers of particles determine the kind of element. An electron has a negative electric charge. A proton is positively charged. A neutron is a chargeless mass.

The neutrons and protons of an atom are linked together to form a compact nucleus, while the electrons travel in orbits round the nucleus like planets round the sun. The simple hydro­gen atom has a single proton as nucleus and a single electron as planet. The atomic weight of an atom is the number of protons and neutrons it contains. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus; normally the number of negative or positive charges is equal, and the atom is electri­cally balanced.

Words and word combinations:

matter – вещество, материя

to compose – составлять

solid – твердое тело, твердый

liquid – жидкий, жидкость

charge –заряд

shape – форма

to expand – расширять(ся), увеличивать(ся)

expansion – расширение

intensely - напряженно

particle - частица

cohesion – сцепление, связь

pressure – давление

vessel – сосуд

to consist of – состоять из

it is well known – хорошо известно

and travel about with some freedom – и двигаются с некоторой свободой

hydrogen – водород

takes up the shape – принимает форму

to link – сцеплять, связывать, соединять

equal – равный

to arise – возникать

generally – обычно

internal - внутренний

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Найдите в тексте следующие словосочетания:

Любое вещество, определенная форма, нагреваются, внутреннее давление, мельчайшая частица, атомы состоят из, отрицательный электрический заряд, положительно заряжен, подобно планетам вокруг солнца.

2. Найдите и выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге.

3. Напишите все типы вопросов к следующим предложениям:

1. They are in a state of continuous motion.

2. Atoms consist of three kinds of particles.

3. Atom is electrically balanced.

4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is any matter composed of?

2. When do the molecules move more extensely?

3. What is an atom?

4. What do atoms consist of?

5. What does have a negative electric charge?

6. What is a chargeless mass?

Кратко перескажите текст урока.

EXERCISES:

Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. A molecule moves about within the body of the liquid from point to point.

2. We can see large molecules in an electron microscope.

3. Every substance consists of particles so small that we cannot see them even under a good microscope.

4. The oxygen component of the air is what supports our life.

5. The molecules of gas move rapidly and continually.

6. We name the smallest physically indivisible particles of matter atoms.

2.Поставьте данные предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму (Passive Voice of Simple Tenses):

1. Proton is positively charged.

2. This device is demonstrated in a technical laboratory.

3. The plant was reconstructed three years ago.

The new equipment will be tested next month.