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ПЦК иностранных языков

Сборник текстов

Английский язык

Для студентов II курса

Специальностей

20.02.04, 15.02.07, 13.02.02.,13.02.11.,15.02.08.

Разработал преподаватель

Цвиренко О.В.

UNIT 1

ВВЕДЕНИЕ В СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЬ

LESSON 1

PERSONAL PRESENTATION

Let me introduce myself. My name is…. I am …. years old. I was born in Volgograd, where I am still living. Our family is rather large. There are five of us: my father, my mother, my sister, my brother and me. My parents are engineers. They work at the plant. My sister is a student of the University. My brother is a pupil. He is in the 6-th form.

I am a second-year student. I study at Volgograd State College of Economics and Technics. This is a leading college of our city. My college trains specialists practically for all spheres of economic activities: programming, management, economics, finance, electrical engineering, heating engineering, machinery and equipment and others. Sure to say, these professions are in great demand. And we’ll be useful as specialists.

I am going to be an electrician (a technician of heating). I want to work in industry as an electrician. I am happy to study at this college and I am proud of it.

Words and word combinations:

introduce – представлять

rather – довольно

a second-year student – студент - второкурсник

to train – готовить

spheres of economic activities – сферы экономической деятельности

engineering - техника

electrical engineering – электротехника

heating engineering – теплотехника

machinery – машины, машинное оборудование

equipment – оборудование

to be in great demand – быть востребованным

electrician – электрик

technician of heating - теплотехник

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Заполните пропуски, пользуясь содержанием текста:

1. I ….. born in Volgograd.

2. My family … rather large.

3. My …. are engineers.

4. They work at the ….. .

5. I …. a second-year student.

6. This is a….. college of our city.

7. Our college ….. specialists in all spheres of ….. ……. .

8. These professions …. in great demand.

9. I …. going to …. an electrician.

10. I am happy to ….. at this college.

2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What’s your name?

2. How old are you?

3. Where do you live?

4. Is your family large or small?

5. Have you got brothers or sisters?

6. What are you?

7. Where do you study?

8. What specialists does your college train?

9. What is your future profession?

10. Do you like to study at the college?

3. Напишите все типы вопросов к следующим предложениям:

1. My parents work at the plant.

2. This is a leading college of our city.

3. Our college trains specialists in all spheres of economic activities.

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EXERCISES:

Прочитайте следующие существительные, обратите внимание на суффиксы (-ian, -ist) и переведите на русский язык.

Specialist, electrician, technician, scientist, academician, mathematician, theoretician.

2.Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме и переведите их на русский язык:

1. He does research work in the field of chemistry.

2. This worker achieved good results in his work.

3. Our scientific workers are at the laboratory now.

4. Your work will be important for us.

3.Составьте предложения из следующих слов, переведите на русский язык:

1. fields, Lomonosov, in, science, of, different, worked.

2. scientists, of, proud, we, our, are, the, country, of.

3. great, science, of, in, the, Russia, development, has, achievements.

4. he, years, two, in, will, from, institute, the, graduate.

4.Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Мой друг – студент-второкурсник.

2. Каких специалистов готовит этот колледж?

3. Когда вы закончили школу?

4.Он будет хорошим специалистом в области электротехники.

5. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужном времени и переведите на русский язык:

1. He (to take) his examinations next month.

2. Russian scientists (to make) a great contribution to the development of world science.

3. The professor’s assistant always (to show) us the experiments in the laboratory.

4. My friends (to go) to the international camp last summer.

5. Our lectures (to begin) at 10 o’clock every morning.

LESSON 2

MY FUTURE PROFESSION.

The problem of choosing the future profession has always been very important. This is a universal problem of our epoch. The future profession should be interesting and meet the demands.

There are neither good nor bad professions. All the professions are very useful. I am going to be an electrician. I am a day-time student. I am in the second year.

It is necessary to know your own inclinations and interests. I am going to work in the field of electrical engineering. I am always very busy and I work hard. I study some subjects from their special field of knowledge. Some subjects are very interesting, such as Physics, Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Mechanics, Engineering Graphics and others.

Besides, I am very interested in computers and get a lot of information about the latest achievements in electronics from Internet.

I am fond of technique and electricity too. There are some good laboratories and workshops with modern experimental equipment in our college. Here the students have their professional practice. They also get different consultations, listen to lectures and do the lab.

So the students can develop their abilities in a certain field of engineering or science. They can also apply the results of studies in practice.

WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS:

important – важный

epoch – эпоха, период

meet the demands – удовлетворить требования

useful – полезный

a day-time student – студент дневного отделения

to be in the second year – учиться на 2 курсе

it is necessary – необходимо

inclinations – склонность

in the field of – в области (науки)

to work hard – работать упорно (усердно)

to be interested in smth. – интересоваться чем-либо

latest achievements – последние достижения

subjects from their special field of knowledge – специальные предметы

technique – техника

workshop - мастерская

experimental equipment – экспериментальное оборудование

to do the lab – выполнять лабораторные работы

to apply the results of studies in practice – применять результаты учебы на

практике

to develop - развивать

ability - способность

Engineering Mechanics – инженерная механика

Engineering Graphics - инженерная графика

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык в соответствии с содержанием текста:

проблема выбора, важный, я собираюсь работать, область электротехники, работать упорно (усердно), некоторые предметы, последние достижения, увлекаться техникой, профессиональная практика, хорошие лаборатории и мастерские, разный (различный), развивать способности.

2. Закончите предложения в соответствии с текстом:

1. The problem of choosing profession…..

2. The students can develop their abilities in……

3. I am fond of…..

4. All the professions are …..

5. There are some good laboratories….

6. The students can also apply…..

3.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Are there a lot of different professions nowadays?

2. Is it a problem to choose a future profession?

3. Is it necessary to know your own inclinations and interests?

4. What are you going to be?

5. Where do you study?

6. What subjects do you study?

7. What are you interested in?

8. Are you fond of technique?

9. Where do you have your professional practice?

10. Can you apply the results of studies in practice?

Кратко перескажите текст.

DIALOGUE.

5. Прочитайте диалог и выучите наизусть:

- Good morning, Alec. I haven’t seen you for ages. How are you?

- Hallo, Max. Glad to see you. I am well, thank you.

- Where do you study now?

- I study at Volgograd State College of Economics and Technics.

- Nice. Are you going to be an economist?

- No, I’m not. I’m going to be an electrician.

- Do you like your speciality?

- Of course I do.

- Good.

EXERCISES:

1. Напишите прошедшее время от следующих глаголов:

learn, get, love, carry, graduate, be, begin, make, have, want, take, study, develop, work, read, write, go, come, build.

2. Напишите в вопросительной и отрицательной форме следующие предложения и переведите на русский язык:

1. He does research work in the field of electrical engineering.

2. This worker achieved good results in his work.

3. Our scientific workers are at the laboratory now.

4. Your work will be important for us.

3. Напишите во множественном числе:

1. This scientist works in the field of physics.

2. I don’t know the structure of this substance.

3. An atom is a very, very small particle of matter.

4. That man has a good knowledge of mathematics.

4. Напишите в притяжательном падеже, где это возможно:

1. the invention of the scientist –

2. the course of the college –

3. the ability of the man –

4. the discovery of the inventor –

5. the abilities of the men –

6. the teachers of the college –

7. the training of the specialist –

8. the training of the specialists –

LESSON 3.

LESSON 1.

S C I E N C E.

What is science? Science is a collection of facts, rules and laws (phenomena). Science tries to understand the essence of phenomena, generalize and interpret them.

Science makes progress. How much it had been done by the people to reach the present state of the development of the human society.

Scientists are the people who makes research of phenomena prove them by experiments and make discoveries. It’s necessary to say that great contribution of the world science had been made by famous scientists and inventors.

Thanks to Tsiolkovsky man could win space. Great American scientist Edison invented the gramophone and the electric lamp, a recording machine (our record player).

Great English scientist Faradey was father of the magnetic generator making electricity. Thanks to science we use radio, TV, telephone, computer, new medicine in our every day life.

Words and word combinations:

science – наука

rule – правило

law – закон

phenomena – явления (phenomenon –явление)

essence – сущность

to try - пытаться

to reach – достигать

development – развитие

contribution – вклад

record player – проигрыватель

to invent – изобретать

inventor – изобретатель

ASSINGMENT:

1. Найдите в тексте перевод следующих словосочетаний:

благодаря науке, великий английский ученый, как много было сделано, сущность явлений, человеческое общество, в нашей повседневной жизни, необходимо сказать, огромный вклад.

2.Заполнить пропуски, пользуясь содержанием текста:

1. Great English …. Faradey was father of the magnetic generator.

2. Science is a ….. of facts, rules and laws.

3. ……. are the people who makes research of phenomena prove them by experiments and make discoveries.

4. ……. makes progress.

5. Thanks to ……man could win space.

Кратко перескажите текст.

EXERCISES:

LESSON 2.

Переведите на русский язык.

1. Russian scientists made great …..

2. Moscow University was named …..

3. The people of our country are proud of….

4. Tsiolkovsky decided to solve the problem….

5. Mankind’s dream about cosmic flights has….

3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What did Russian scientists make to science?

2. When did Peter I establish the Academy of Sciences in St.Petersburg?

3. Lomonosov was a great scientist, wasn’t he? Prove it.

4. What was named after Lomonosov?

5. Who was the founder of the modern theory of space rockets?

6. has mankind’s dream about cosmic flights come true?

Кратко перескажите текст.

5. Напишите небольшое сообщение о каком-нибудь ученом ( изобретателе) или его открытии.

EXERCISES:

1. Найдите в (Б) соответствующие русские словосочетания:

А). 1. at the age; 2. a well-known scientist; 3. was born; 4. like his father; 5. to enter the institute; 6. to graduate from an institute; 7. to do one’s research; 8. to solve a number of problems; 9. three times.

Б). 1. поступить в институт; 2. как и отец; 3. в возрасте; 4. решить ряд проблем; 5. родился; 6. хорошо известный ученый; 7. окончить институт; 8. три раза (трижды); 9. проводить исследования.

2. Напишите три основные формы следующих глаголов.

To know, to make, to heat, to be, to do, to take, to carry, to leave, to bring, to show, to become, to give, to come, to produce, to establish.

3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на союзы и союзные слова, вводящие придаточные определительные предложения.

1. He was a well-known scientist who had the ability to carry out research.

2. Chemistry is the science that deals with the structure of matter and its changes.

3.The laboratory is the place where experiments may be carried out.

4. The liquid takes up the shape of a vessel in which it is contained.

5. An American, George Eastman, was the first who brought photography to the man in the street in 1888.

LESSON 3.

Типы вопросов во временах группы Simple

Кратко перескажите текст.

EXERCISES:

1. Подберите правильный перевод для слов в левой колонке:

1. электротехника 1. mean

2. теплотехника 2. electrical engineering

3. энергетика 3. heat engineering

4. электростанция 4. make contribution to

5. играть роль 5. power engineering

6. сделать вклад 6. power plant

7. иметь место 7. play a part

8. означать 8. take place

LESSON 4.

2JAMES CLERK MAXWELL.

James Clerk Maxwell, a Scotsman, was born in Edinburgh in 1831. He finished school early and graduated from university when most boys were only ready to enter high school.

At fifteen he was already well-known as a person who had written some papers on scientific subjects. As well as being a great electrician, he was a great mathematician.

Clerk Maxwell stated that electricity causes waves in the ether, which fills all space, and that light and heat are caused by these electric waves, which penetrate all matter. This is the famous electromagnetic theory, on which he wrote a book. Maxwell died in 1870.

Some years later, the subject was taken up by another scientist - Heinrich Rudolph Hertz, who went deeply into Clerk Maxwell's wave theory of light and electricity and made many experiments in an attempt to prove Maxwell's theory. He was entirely successful. With simple instruments he not only detected the electric waves in space and measured their velocity, but proved the actual physical existence of the electromagnetic waves whose existence was proved by Maxwell's mathematical equations.

WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS:

to graduate (from) - окончивать высшее учебное заведение

to enter – поступать (в институт), входить

scientific – научный

to state – утверждать, заявлять

to cause – вызывать, заставлять, причинять

ether – эфир

light – свет

heat – тепло

wave – волна

to penetrate – проникать

velocity – скорость

to detect – обнаруживать

to measure – измерять

existence – существование

to prove – доказывать

equation - уравнение

to go deeply into something - серьёзно (глубоко) изучить

in an attempt - зд. пытаясь

entirely – полностью

to fill – наполнять

ASSIGNMENT:

1.Прочитайте правильно следующие слова и выражения и переведите на русский язык:

to be born, to graduate from, university, light, to penetrate, matter, famous electromagnetic theory, electrician, mathematician, electric waves, scientist, experiment, instrument, physical existence, entirely successful, to fill.

UNIT 3

ENERGY

Capacity to do work is called energy, and when the energy is (due to) motion it is called kinetic energy.

A weight which has been lifted from the floor to the top of a table has had work on it; if we allow the weight to fall back again to the floor it will get velocity, and therefore kinetic energy. This energy was simply "stored up" in the weight when it was at rest on the table: it had energy due to its position on the table; and we call this energy potential. Or, potential energy is the energy of a mass due to its position. Water, at the top of a waterwheel, has potential energy. As it falls it gradually loses this potential energy, but gets kinetic energy at the same time.

Forms of Energy. — Any matter possesses energy. Hot steam is able to do work, and we may say that heat is a form of energy. Electric current, when passed through a motor, can do work. So electric current is a form of energy. A magnet can lift an iron nail; so magnetization is another form of energy. The burning of coal generates heat; and in burning, the coal undergoes a chemical change; such a change is called chemical action. Chemical action is a form of energy. Electric current makes the filament of an electric lamp white-hot and it gives out both light and heat; a part of the energy is in the form of light. Light, therefore, is a form of energy.

Thus, energy exists in a variety of forms.

Words and word combinations:

capacity – емкость, способность, мощность, вместимость

to do work – совершать работу

motion – движение

due to motion – обусловлено движением

weight – вес, груз

to the top – на верх

velocity – скорость

was… stored up – накоплена

to be at rest – быть в состоянии покоя

due to its position – обусловленная ее положением

waterwheel – водяное колесо

at the top of a waterwheel – в верхних ковшах водяного колеса

as it falls – по мере того, как она падает

at the same time – в то же время

to possess – oбладать, владеть

to generate heat – производить тепло

makes…white-hot – накаляет… добела

gives out both… and – дает (производит) как…так

when passed through a motor – когда его пропускают через мотор

to exist – существовать

ASSINGMENT:

1. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, опираясь на текст урока:

1. Capacity to do work is called…..

2. The …… is due to motion it is called ….. energy.

3. ……, at the top of a waterwheel, has potential energy.

4. Any ….. possesses energy.

5. Heat is a form of …… .

6. Electric ….. is a form of energy.

7. The burning of coal generates …. .

8. Light is a form of ….. .

9. Energy exists in a …… of forms.

2. Напишите 4 типа вопросов к следующим предложениям:

1. Water has potential energy.

2. A magnet can lift an iron nail.

3. Electric current makes the filament of an electric lamp white-hot.

4. Chemical action is a form of energy.

3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What do we call energy?

2. The energy is due to motion it is called kinetic energy, isn’t it?

3. What energy do we call potential?

4. Does any possess energy?

5. Is electric current a form of energy?

6. What can lift an iron nail?

7.What does the burning of coal generate?

8.What forms of energy do you know?

Кратко перескажите текст.

EXERCISES:

1. Вставьте much или many, little или few. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1. …. scientists study the structure of matter.

2. We haven’t …. time for experiments; we shall be able to make very … of them.

3. There were …. theories on the nature of heat.

4. There is …. water in this cup.

2. Выберите соответствующее неопределенное местоимение из данных ниже и переведите на русский язык:

1. There hang (несколько) drawings on the wall.

2. Do you see (кого-нибудь) in the classroom?

3. Take (любой) journal from the bookcase.

4. My friend told me (ничего) about our mathematics circle.

a)any; b) nothing; c) some; d) anybody; e) somebody.

3. Выберите соответствующее слово из данных ниже и переведите на русский язык:

1. There are (несколько) kinds of energy.

2. The professor showed us (много) diagrams at the lecture.

3. Our teacher knows (много) about new discoveries in astronomy.

4. There are (мало) journals on the shelf.

a) a lot of; b) much; c) little; d) few; e) a few.

LESSON 2.

MATTER

It is well known that any matter is composed of large numbers of very small mass particles called molecules.

They are in a state of continuous motion. In a solid they are closely packed and, give to the solid its definite shape. In a liquid, the molecules have a weaker cohesion and travel about with some freedom, so that the liquid takes up the shape of the vessel in which it is contained. In a gas, the molecules are still more mobile and relatively far apart. The cohesive force is small and the gas fills its container and is easily compressed or expanded.

When substances are heated the molecules move more intensely, and expansion or internal pressure arises.

An atom is the smallest particle of matter and it generally exists only in combination with other atoms.

Atoms consist of three kinds of particles — electrons, protons and neutrons, and the numbers of particles determine the kind of element. An electron has a negative electric charge. A proton is positively charged. A neutron is a chargeless mass.

The neutrons and protons of an atom are linked together to form a compact nucleus, while the electrons travel in orbits round the nucleus like planets round the sun. The simple hydrogen atom has a single proton as nucleus and a single electron as planet. The atomic weight of an atom is the number of protons and neutrons it contains. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus; normally the number of negative or positive charges is equal, and the atom is electrically balanced.

Words and word combinations:

matter – вещество, материя

to compose – составлять

solid – твердое тело, твердый

liquid – жидкий, жидкость

charge –заряд

shape – форма

to expand – расширять(ся), увеличивать(ся)

expansion – расширение

intensely - напряженно

particle - частица

cohesion – сцепление, связь

pressure – давление

vessel – сосуд

to consist of – состоять из

it is well known – хорошо известно

and travel about with some freedom – и двигаются с некоторой свободой

hydrogen – водород

takes up the shape – принимает форму

to link – сцеплять, связывать, соединять

equal – равный

to arise – возникать

generally – обычно

internal - внутренний

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Найдите в тексте следующие словосочетания:

Любое вещество, определенная форма, нагреваются, внутреннее давление, мельчайшая частица, атомы состоят из, отрицательный электрический заряд, положительно заряжен, подобно планетам вокруг солнца.

2. Найдите и выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге.

3. Напишите все типы вопросов к следующим предложениям:

1. They are in a state of continuous motion.

2. Atoms consist of three kinds of particles.

3. Atom is electrically balanced.

4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is any matter composed of?

2. When do the molecules move more extensely?

3. What is an atom?

4. What do atoms consist of?

5. What does have a negative electric charge?

6. What is a chargeless mass?

LESSON 3.

LESSON 4.

ATOMIC ENERGY.

In 1896 Ernest Rutherford began investigations of radioactivity at Cambridge. Four years later he continued them in Canada. He studied the radiations from the element thorium arid showed that atoms were splitting up. This was a great shock to the chemists of the time as the atoms had always been regarded as the smallest indivisible units.

Further research showed that the atom was made up of smaller particles and that its structure was very complex: it resembled the solar system with a central nucleus and a number of electrons, very much smaller than the nucleus and revolving around it. Rutherford's results made a great impression on the scientific world because the splitting of the atom opened to man a new and enormous source of energy. The most important results have been obtained by splitting the atom of uranium.

World War I interrupted much of the scientific work in England. In 1918 the work on radio-activity was resumed with additional workers from England, the United States and the Soviet Union. Rutherford died in 1937, but the work which he began has not yet been finished.

Words and word combinations:

investigate – исследовать

investigation – исследование

radioactivity – радиоактивность

radiation –радиация

thorium – торий (хим.элемент)

to split – расщеплять(ся)

to regard – смотреть на, считать

indivisible - неделимый

to made up – состоять из

to resemble – походить, иметь сходство

nucleus – ядро

enormous - огромный

to revolve - вращаться

research – исследование, исследовать

to interrupt – прерывать

to obtain – получать

to resume – возобновлять. продолжать

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Найдите в тексте следующие словосочетания:

Четыре года спустя, элемент торий, величайший удар для химиков, мельчайшие неделимые единицы, иметь сжодство с солнечной системой, произвести огромное впечатление, огромный источник энергии, Первая мировая война, научная работа, Советский Союз, работа, которую он начал.

2. Заполните пропуски, опираясь на содержание текста

1. Rutherford began investigations of …. at Cambridge.

2. He showed that ….. were splitting up.

3. Further research showed that the atom was made up of smaller ….. .

4. Rutherford’s results made a great …. on the scientific …. .

5. ….. … … interrupted much of the scientific work.

3.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. When and where did Rutherford begin investigations of radioactivity?

2. What did he study?

3. What did further research show?

4. Why did Rutherford’s results make a great impression on the scientific world?

5. World War I interrupted much of the scientific work, didn’t it/

6. When did Rutherford die?

4. Перескажите текст урока.

EXERCISES:

1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию “neither.. nor”

1. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

2. One hundred years ago there were neither motors nor telephone.

3. We have got neither instruments nor devices.

4. He was neither a scientist nor an inventor.

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение союза “as…as”, “not so … as”.

1. Water is as necessary as air.

2. No planet is as hot as the Sun.

3. Gold is not so light as aluminium.

4. The ocean of air as well as the ocean of water is material.

5. Metals as well as minerals are of great importance in industry.

6. This modern device is not so expensive as that one.

3.Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слова “that”:

1. Atomic energy can serve people but one should never forget that that energy can also destroy the world.

2. Thatresearch in the field of converting solar energy into electricity is very important today is quite evident.

3. It is heat thatcauses many chemical changes.

4. We may say thatevery matterpossesses energy.

LESSON 5.

AN ATOMIC POWER STATION

Industry depends on power. For centuries coal, oil, and water were its main sources. In the 19-th century they were used to produce steam.

In the first half of the 20th century — electricity. Our time is the age of atomic power. A new fuel and a new source of power has been put to the service of man. The fuel is uranium and the source of power is atomic energy. For more than one century scientists of different countries were working hard to discover the secret of the atom. Owing to a series of outstanding scientific achievements nuclear energy finds its application in different branches of our economy. In future it will be widely used not only to drive our machines and power our factories but to light and heat our homes. The energy of atom is transformed into electric energy at atomic power plants. The world's first atomic power station was put into operation in the Soviet Union in 1954. One of the great advantages of such plants is that they can be built in the very regions where power is to be used. Another advantage is their low fuel consumption. The total capacity of the new station will amount to 600,000 kW. For all the power stations planned under this program it will be counted in millions and millions of kilowatts.

Words and word combinations:

advantage - преимущество

to depend on – зависеть от

for centuries – в течение столетий

main sources – основные (главные) источники

is becoming – становится

has been put to the service of man – поставлен на службу человека

more than – более чем

were working hard to discover – работали усердно (не покладая рук) для того, чтобы открыть

owing to – благодаря

application – применение

was put into operation – пущена в действие

in the very regions – именно в тех районах

amount – количество, величина

under this program – по этой программе

consumption – потребление, расход

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Найдите перевод следующих слов и словосочетаний в тексте:

Новое топливо и новый источник, ученые разных стран, применение в различных отраслях нашей экономики, энергия атома, освещать и обогревать наши дома, другое преимущество, научные достижения.

2. Заполнить пропуски, опираясь на содержание текста.

1. Industry depends on …. .

2. In the first half of the 20-th century - …. .

3. The source of power is ….. energy.

4. In future it will be ….. used not only to drive our machines.

5. The energy of atom is …. into electric energy.

6. Another advantage is their low fuel …… .

3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. How long were coal, oil and water the main sources of power?

2. Is the 20-th century becoming the age of atomic power?

3. What kind of new fuel is put to the service of man?

4. How long were scientists of different countries working to discover the secret of the atom ?

5. Does atomic energy already find its useful application?

6. Where can nuclear energy be used?

7. Is the energy of atom used to produce electric energy?

8. Where was the world’s first atomic power station put into operation?

9. What are the advantages of atomic power stations?

10. Does scientific progress in our country create all conditions for the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes?

LESSON 6

ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT.

We must beginning to understand that we must take care of our environment.

We need energy to run our cars, keep our houses warm and to make machines work. But when we produce energy, we usually produce waste and this pollutes the atmosphere. We create a lot of air pollution by burning petrol for our cars or by using coal to make electricity. This air pollution damages trees, and also makes the world much hotter,

Some ways of making energy do not produce waste. We can use rivers to make hydroelectric power; we can turn the light from the sun into electricity by using solar panels and we can make use of the wind by building windmills. At the moment though, most of these alternative sources of energy only produce a small part of the electricity we need.

Many countries now have nuclear power stations. These can produce large amounts of power, but they create dangerous waste. There have also been some very serious accidents.

Future energy sources

Now scientists are looking at a new kind of nuclear power called nuclear fusion. In nuclear fusion, two atoms come together and let out a lot of energy. This is the way that the suit works, but it is very difficult to make this happen on earth. Nuclear fusion can only happen at very high temperatures (several million degrees).

European scientists first managed to make atoms fuse together at the JET project in Oxford in 1991. The experiment only lasted for a second, but it showed that fusion was possible. The research will continue, and it is possible that in fifty years time, we will get most or all of our energy from nuclear fusion.

ASSIGNMENT:

Answer the questions.

1 What do we need energy for?

2 What problems do we cause when we produce energy?

3 Why are hydroelectric power and solar power better ways of making energy?

4 What kind of power do many countries now produce?

5 What is the name of the new kind of nuclear power being looked at?

6 Is any country using this new power at the moment?

EXERCISES:

ПЦК иностранных языков

Сборник текстов

Английский язык

Для студентов II курса

Специальностей

20.02.04, 15.02.07, 13.02.02.,13.02.11.,15.02.08.

Разработал преподаватель

Цвиренко О.В.

UNIT 1

ВВЕДЕНИЕ В СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЬ

LESSON 1

PERSONAL PRESENTATION

I am going to be an electrician (a technician of heating). I want to work in industry as an electrician. I am happy to study at this college and I am proud of it.

Words and word combinations:

introduce – представлять

rather – довольно

a second-year student – студент - второкурсник

to train – готовить

spheres of economic activities – сферы экономической деятельности

engineering - техника

electrical engineering – электротехника

heating engineering – теплотехника

machinery – машины, машинное оборудование

equipment – оборудование

to be in great demand – быть востребованным