Ex. 13. Continue the following chain stories

1. If I were a millionaire, I would have much money. If I had much money I would... 2. As soon as I graduate from the University... 3. If I live long to be one hundred ... 4. If I met a lion... 5. When I have my holidays... 6. As soon asIcome home... 7. If 1 were a president...

Ex. 14. Translate these sentences into English.

1. Как ты думаешь, что случится, если она не последует его совету. 2. Завтра я ей все расскажу. 3. Джейн говорит, что в следующие выходные она поведет детей в зоопарк. 4. Как только мы получим какую-либо информа­цию, мы свяжемся с вами. 5. Поезд отправляется через три часа. 6. Как толь­ко мы закончим ужинать, я помою посуду и позвоню тебе. 7. Мы с мужем собираемся поменять обстановку в квартире, поэтому в понедельник мы идем в мебельный салон, чтобы выбрать новую стенку. 8. Что будете заказывать? - Я, пожалуй, возьму свекольник и отбивную с картошкой пюре на, второе. 9. Мама скоро придет с работы, а у нас такой беспорядок. 10. Если бы я была моложе, я бы показала тебе, как это делается. 11. В субботу я по­вешу эти новые гардины и постелю ковер. 12. Если ты не прекратишь слу­шать эту кошмарную мелодию, я сойду с ума. 13. Я уверена, Кейт удивится,когда узнает такую новость. 14. Если они подпишут этот контракт, они провалят все дело. 15. Обещаю, что в Нью-Йорке я постараюсь придерживаться диеты и есть только здоровую пищу. Но если я поправлюсь, я урежу се­бя в сладком. 16. Мой брат не сможет пойти с нами на вечеринку, потому! что он участвует в концерте. Но даже если бы он и не участвовал, он все равно бы остался дома. Он не любит шумных компаний. 17. Я прочитала в газете, что Уитни споет свою новую песню на концерте в Августе. 18. Боюсь, она не сможет удержаться и съест пару пирожных. 19. В моем багаже лишних пять килограмм, мне придется заплатить за перевес в аэропорту.20. Завтра в три она играет в теннис с Генри. 21. Если я не растеряюсь, я peшу все задачи на экзамене. 22. Не беспокойся, если бы у нас закончились день­ги, мы бы дали тебе телеграмму. 23. Мег сделает все возможное, чтобы убе­речь семью от развала. Для этого-то она и едет в Манчестер завтра первым же поездом. 24. Если ты будешь ему противоречить, он разозлится. А если он разозлится, ты уже никогда не сможешь его убедить. 25. Если бы люди думали не только о настоящем, но и о будущем, они бы не загрязняли при­роду, а сохранили бы ее для своих внуков. 26. Помните, когда последняя рыба будет отравлена и спилено последнее дерево, вы поймете, что деньги это ничто.

Summary table on Indefinite Tense

Meaning	Time Indicators	Present	Past	Future
A habitual repeated action	every day, every other day, often, frequently never, sometimes, as a rule, regularly, always	They go to the seaside every summer. She seldom reads in the evening	They visited picture gallery every day last summer	I don't think it will rain often this month. She will help you with grammar twice a week
The manifestation of the fact itself	present-now, nowadays, at the present time past-yesterday, the day before yesterday,a year ago, last year future-tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, tonight, soon	Nowadays people eat a lot	We met her at the station yesterday	They will meet soon.
An action going on at the present moment/with the verbs not used in the Progressive/.	The verbs of sense perception and mental activity :to see, to hear, to understand, to realize, to smell....	I hear somebody knocking. Open the door	She felt well at 5.	You will see me approaching the house at 6
Universal truth		Light travels more quickly than sound. Water boils at 100 degrees
A succession of the past action			He put on his coat, took the umbrella and left the house
An action in the very near future	tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a day, next morning..	Tomorrow I leave for London. His brother arrives in two days
An action that points out the beginning of another action	since,when, before + Clause		The children were playing when Nick came
A future action in the adverbial clauses of time and real condition	when, till, until, as soon as, if, unless + Clause	Our granny will visit us when the weather improves

CONTINUOUS TENSE

The continuous form expresses an action going on at a certain moment or for a certain period of time in the present, past or future. All the Continuous Tenses show the process of the action itself.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

The Present Continuous is formed by means of the Present Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to be (am/is/are) and Participle I of the no­tional verb.

In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.

In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the auxiliary verb.

Affirmative	Interrogative	Negative
I am reading He is reading She is reading We are reading You are reading They are reading	Am I reading? Is he reading? Is she reading? Are we reading? Are you reading? Are they reading?	I am not reading He is not reading She is not reading We are not reading You are not reading They are not reading

The present continuous is used:

1) to denote an action taking place at the present moment:

a) at the moment of speaking. The moment of speaking is indicated by the adverbials: at the moment, now, at present, just now, right now, etc. e.g. The woman is wearing a white blouse and a black skirt. Nell is putting down the examples on the blackboard.

b) during the present period of time or around the present moment (in this case now obviously has a broader meaning) = a temporary situation.

The durative character of the action may be expressed by the adverbial modifiers all day/night/morning, the whole day, still, etc. e.g. They are very busy all this time, they are preparing for exams. David is collecting material for his new book now. She is working in Paris this week.

There might be two simultaneous (parallel) actions in progress: e.g. I’m writing the letter while the children are playing in the garden.

2) to denote the nearest future action which is planned or arranged. e.g. I‘m seeing Rachel tonight. We aren’t going anywhere for Christmas, we are staying at home. The construction ―to be going to‖ is often used for the same purpose. e.g. I‘m going to explore the neighbourhood.

3) to show the unusual frequency of an action in the present. It is often used with the adverbials of frequency always, constantly, never, again, etc. The speaker conveys the feeling of irritation, surprise or criticism (wants to give emotional colouring to his sentence). e.g. Mr. Stone is always grumbling. He is constantly making comments about my weight.

4) to denote actions or states having a dynamic character. = changing and developing situations. e.g. The climate is getting warmer. Mary is putting on weight. His health is improving.

5) to express a continual process. It is often used with the adverbials of frequency always, constantly, ever, etc.12 e.g. The earth is ever moving. The sun is ever shining

Some verbs do not usually have the forms of the continuous aspect.

They are referred to as state/stative verbs.

Verbs expressing sense perception: to see (видеть), to watch (смотреть), to notice (замечать), to hear (слышать), to smell (чувствовать запах), to taste (чувствовать вкус), to feel (чувствовать).

Verbs expressing emotional state: to care, to detest, to envy, to fear, to hate, to hope, to like, to love, to prefer, to want, to wish.

Verbs expressing mental state: to assume, to believe, to consider, to doubt, to expect, to find, to forget, to imagine, to know, to mean, to mind, to notice, to perceive, to remember, to suggest, to suppose, to think, to understand.

Note: Care should be taken to distinguish between some of these verbs denoting a mental state proper and the same verbs used in other meanings. In the latter case continuous aspect forms also occur. Compare, for example, the following pairs of sentences:

I consider (believe) her to be a very good student. I expected (supposed, thought) you’d agree with me.   I feel (suppose) there is something wrong about him. I think (suppose) you’re right.

I’m still considering (studying) all the pros and cons. I could not come for I was expecting (waiting for) a friend at the time. I’m feeling quite cold.   I am thinking over (studying) your offer

I am forgetting things more and more now (beginning to forget).

She is understanding grammar better now (beginning to understand).

Moreover, all the verbs stated above can occur in the continuous aspect when the ideas they denote are to be emphasized: Don’t shout, I'am hearing you perfectly well! Why are you staring into the darkness? What are you seeing there?

Exercises: THE CONTINUOUS TENSE