Задания для самостоятельной работы. Учебный элемент 9: Четыре типа слога

Учебный элемент 9: Четыре типа слога. Основные правила чтения гласных

Наибольшую сложность при чтении вызывают гласные буквы. Одна и та же буква может произноситься по-разному в зависимости от типа слога или от сочетания с другими буквами. В английском языке выделяют четыре типа слога для гласных под ударением.

I открытый гл. + согл. + е гл. на конце слова II закрытый гл. + согл. + согл. гл. + согл. + конец слова III гл. + r IV гл. + r + e
name nose Pete tube nice student famous she_ my_   cat hot hen pin myth сut picture terrible number   car port her turn girl thirty curtain     care parents more here cure during fire tyre  

Гласные

a
I [ei ] name, date, lane, plane, state, late, famous III [a:] large, park, part, far, farm, dark
  [ei ] main, aim, pain, paint, pay, day, may   [a:] ask, task, mask, class, glass, brass
II [æ] man, flat, bad, tan, glad, plan, fat, back, frank IV [εə] mare, stare, bare, rare, hare, careful
[ɔ(:)] what, want, warm, warn, war, walk [εə] pair, fair, hair, air, lair, dairy
[ɔ:] shawl, crawl, bawl, dawn, saw,hawk, fawn [ɔ:] wall, all, ball, small, fall, tall, call,walk,talk
i (y)
I [ ai ] fine, life, nine, nice, silent, type, sky, my, cry, fly, by III [ ɜ:] bird, girl, firm, first, third, skirt, thirty
  [ ai ] mild, wild, child, kind, blind, find, mind IV [aiә ] fire, tired, ire, sire, wire; tyre, byre
II [ i ] fin, did, film, picture; myth, gypsy, wind   [ i: ] field, piece, believe, wield,
e
I [i:] me, be, Pete, dene, he, she, even, eve, evening, theme III [ ɜ:] term, stern, her, pert, certain, alert
  [i:] see, leave, sea, weak, week, green, wheat, wheel IV [iə] here, mere, sere, interfere, sphere
II [e] bed, bet, vet, ten, question, get, end   [iə] engineer, deer, beer, dear, near
[ju:] new, stew, knew, few, dew,pew [i:] receive, ceiling, conceit, receipt
[ u: ] blew, grew, crew, jew. [ ei ] grey,they, prey,veil.
u
I [ju:] pupil, cube, tune, student, mule, dune, numerous III [ɜ:] fur, curtain, turn, curb, bur, surd
  [ju:] sue, due, cue, muesli IV [juә] during, pure, cure, lure,
II [ Λ ] cup, but, nut, butter, rung, gun, luck, culture [ u: ] rude, rule, true, fruit, loser, blue, June, juice
o
I [әu ] note, go, no, rose, copy, phone, tone, lone, open III [ɔ:] fork, lord, form, port, morning, or
  [әu ] old, cold, fold, gold, hold   [ɜ:] work, word, world, worth
II [ ɒ ] not, got, lock, frost, from, lot, gossip, monster IV [ɔ:] store, more, core, score, tore, bore
[u(:)] book, foot, spoon, good, choose, tooth, zoo [әu] low, show, grow,snow, yellow
  [ ɔi ] boy, coin, point, join, noisy, toy,soy, [au] town, brown, now, count, found, fountain
  [Λ ] done, none, some, come, one, once [u(:)] do, who, whom, whose, move


Задания для самостоятельной работы

1. Подготовьте чтение примеров в таблице «Гласные».

2. Распределите следующие слова на четыре группы в соответствии с четырьмя типами слогов:

Twenty, name, five, state, got, large, husband, parents, sister, with, my, us, fish, nursery, ride, much, thirty, university, her, attach, world, Russia, land, part, dry, border, climate, hot, hill, summer, industrial, car, ship, rich, such.

Переведите эти слова на русский язык и запомните их значения.

3. Следующие слова являются фонетическими исключениями, т.е. они читаются не по тем правилам, которые представлены в таблице «Гласные». Выпишите их транскрипцию по словарю, запомните, как они читаются и переводятся.

Family, live, study, have, business, visit, heavy, were, rather, other, come, country, autumn, some, weather, through.

4. Объясните чтение следующих слов, используя таблицу «Гласные»:

Tall, fair, grey, read, good, small, deep, each, hair, eat, sweet, about, wash, food, warm, find, task, also

Запомните значения этих слов.


Учебный элемент 10: Основные правила чтения согласных

Согласные

sh [∫] she, shelf, shock, dish, show, cash, wish -igh [ai] light, fight, bright, right, night, high
(t)ch [t] chess, bench, fetch, match, rich, catch -tion [∫n ] fiction, option, instruction
ck [k] back, black, duck, luck, wreck, stick, clock -ture [tә] picture, mixture, future, creature
wr [r] wrest, write, wrung, wreck, wrong, wrote -ough -augh [ɔ:] bought, thought, taught, daughter,
ng [ŋ] wrong, long, morning, ring, evening -sion [ʒn] decision, confusion, illusion
qu [kw] question, request, quite, queen, quiet, equip -ssion [ ∫n ] mission, confession, profession
kn [n] know, knee, knit, knight, knowlegde ph [ f ] phone, sphinx, photo, physics
wh [ w ] white, while, wheel, wheat, what, where dg [dʒ] bridge, knowledge, lodger
[ h ] who, whose, whom
  th [ ð ] this, that, those, the, there, within, they   x [ks] text, box, mixture, axe, exit
[ θ ] thick, three, teeth, think, thousand [gz] exit, exam, example, auxiliary
    c [s] перед e, i, y cent, pencil, icy, certain, circus, century, cycle, cynic     g [ dʒ ] перед e, i, y page, gin, gypsy, gym, wage, giant, cage
[ k ] cap, come, cup, black, car, cow, confess, combine [ g ] good, green, big, goose, guide, gun, gay, get, gear, geese
                     

Упражнение 31

Прочитайте следующие слова, объясняя произнесение согласных. Напишите транскрипции этих слов, при необходимости используйте словарь.

Large, grey, fish, much, bicycle, each, daughter, other, children, with, north, spring, natural, cultural, square, know, thousand, shelling, example, picture, huge, great, gallery, clock, place, wreath, phantom, illusion, back.

Задания для самостоятельной работы

1. Подготовьте чтение примеров в таблице «Согласные».

2. Распределите следующие слова на четыре группы в соответствии с четырьмя типами слогов:

Huge, bicycle, square, picture, big, art, famous, world, port, fine, produce, invite, go, can, station, church, construct, corner, winter, Peter, suffer, during, decorate, population, white.

Переведите эти слова на русский язык и запомните их значение.

3. Следующие слова являются фонетическими исключениями, т.е. они читаются не по тем правилам, которые представлены в фонетических таблицах «Гласные» и «Согласные». Выпишите их транскрипцию по словарю, запомните, как они читаются и переводятся.

Plant, beautiful, monarchy, theatre, heart, library, cathedral, architect, palace, river, head, great, island, science, young, youth, often.

Таблицы для чтения

(Курсивом выделены слова, которые читаются не по правилам)

1 [ i ] - [ ai ] 2 [ɜ: ] – [ aiə] 3 [ i ] - [ ai ] 4 [ ei ]
Fit - “fite” Dirty - dire Children - child Rain - day
Bit - bite Bird - “bire” Wish - wild Main - may
Rid - ride Stir - sire Wind - find Again - stay
Sit - site First – fired Winter - mild Paint - pay
Film - file Firm - hire Live - kind Afraid - ray
Skip - skipe Skirt - mire Window - write Gain – gay
Will - while Shirt - shire Myth – type Explain - aim
Milk - smile Girl - tire Physics – sky Mail - remain
Stick - strike Whirl - wire Gypsy - cry Grey - they
5 [iə] - [εə ] 6 [æ] - [ ei ] 7 [ a:] - [εə ]
Ear - air Dad - date Car - care
Hear - pair Fat - fate Star - stare
Near - fair Sam - same Bar - bare
Dear - hair Plan - plane Garden - glare
Fear - chair Can - cane Mark - mare
Year - pear Cat - skate Far - fare
Sphere - bear Man - mane Yard - parents
Interfere - wear Map - make Dark - compare
     
8 [Λ] 9 [ u ] - [ u(:) ] 10 [ ou ] 11 [ au ] 12 [ ju ]
Some Book - Moon Window Now - noun New
Come Good - Spoon Follow Power - loudly Few
Done Look - Room Snow How - house Knew
None Foot - School Show Cow - count Stew
One Cook - Cool Know Town - mouse Dew
Once Wood - whom Grow Towel - mouth New
Other Wool - whose Low Flower - found Pew
Love Put - who Crow Down - about Mew
Gloves Move - lose     Due
             
13 [ ɜ:] 14 [ a:] – [ ɔ:] - [ ɔ:] 15 [ i: ] - [ ɜ:] 16 [e ] – [ ɒ]
Earn Ask – wall – saw He – her Pet – pot
Learn Task – all – crawl Dene – term Sing - song
Earth Mask – tall – dawn Beta - certain Question – shock
Pearl Class – fall - bawl Receive – curtain Wrest – wrong
Early Glass – walk - shawl Ceiling – turn Chess – option
Heard Brass – talk – fawn Field – fur Shelf - gone
Dearth Answer – call - sawn Believe - curb  
17 [ i: ] 18 [ ei ] 20 [ai] - [ ei ] 19 [ Λ ] - [ ju ]
Each - green Great Fine – fane Tub – tube
Clean - bee Break Bike - bake Funny - fuse
Meat - meet [ e ] Ride - rake Must - music
Sea - see Bread Mile - make Much - mute
Weak - week Head Smile - male Study - student
Eat - cheese Heavy Like - lake Nut – nude
Easy - three Weather Shine - shame Us - use
Dream - read Pleasure Site - save Under - usually
  Measure   Pub – pupil
  Treasure [ u (:) ] Cut - computer
[εə ] Sweater June Just - confusion
there [iə] July Jump - tulip
their Really junior  
    rude  
             
21 [ ∫ ] 22 [ t] 23 [ dʒ ] 24 [ ʒ ]
Shame – option Child – children Jet - junior Pleasure
Shake - decoration Chess – such Jam - jump Measure
Shelves – condition Match - much Juice - James Treasure
Shown – instruction Chalk – chaise June - July Decision
Shoes - social Change – picture Gym- gesture Illusion
Share - ancient Chair - future Page - cage Confusion
Shelter – musician Check - creature Wage - stage Visual
Sure - profession Each - lecture Gentle - giant Usual
Sugar - machine Teach - teacher Bridge - lodger Casual
[ k ] Hedgehog  
Technical Knowledge  
Mechanical Soldier  
Chemistry  
25 [iə] - [ ɜ:] 26 [w] – [ð] 27 [ɜ:] - [iə] - [iə]
Hear -heard When - then Her - here - hear
Dear - dearth Where - there Stern – sere - sear
Ear - earn What - that Fern – fere - fear
Near - pearl [ ɒ ] confirm – interfere
Year - yearly Want first - atmosphere
  What  
  Was  


Прочитайте следующие слова, применяя правила чтения

1. Fat, fate, farm, fame, fare, fall, fawn, foot, feet, feat, flame, first, fire, fair. Bake, back, bark, boot, beat, bare, ball, blame, blind, birthday, berth, bar, bite.
2. Pike, pick, per, purse, pot, port, paw, pee, pare, pear, press, pond, pain, pay, Lake, like, lime, live, life, lace, luck, lost, lord, lure, last, lecture, large, land, lack, lot, lone.
3. Dash, duck, duke, dirty, dare, desk, dull, doll, duty, district, defend. Make, mile, main, mail, mild, mock, milk, middle, mark, mare, mixture
4. Quality, question, quiet, quite, queen, request, require, square. Game, girl, goose, grass, green, gun, great, gesture, gypsy, gym,
5. There, then, that, than, those, this, these, they, their, them, think, thought, theme, three, thirty, third West, wax, wail, while, wheel, wheat, war, when, what, work, wire, write, wrong, wrest, with, within.
6. Sake, same, skate, sad, suddenly, surface, student, study, sort, snake. Certain, cent, car, careful, claim, club, cube, curtain, cow, came, come.
7. Nail, night, number, note, nut, nursery, nature, net, neat, new. Rate, ride, rude, room, rat, right, risk, rule, race, rival, red, rice, rare, rubber.
8. File, bill, night, bird, fire, skirt, mild, wire, find, piece, third. Glad, fate, glass, pain, fair, hand, far, rare, small, want, map, spade, saw.
9. Meet, me, mean, theme, met, term, here, ten, even, near, new, her. Fur, tune, but, cure, rung, pupil, turn, mature, rude, due, June, summer.
10. Spoon, join, snow, count, lock, fork, phone, lot, score, low, noisy, tore. My, fly, type, myth, tyre, copy, fifty, candy, physics, cry, byre, twenty.

Приблизительное соответствие знаков английской фонетической транскрипции звукам русского языка

Гласные

Долгие гласные Краткие гласные
[ i:] как и в слове ива; [ i ] как и в слове игра;
[ a: ] как а в слове палка; [ e ] как э в слове это;
[ɔ:] как о в слове полный; [ɒ ] как о в слове торт;
[u:] как у в слове мул; [υ ] как у в слове тут;
[ә:] [ɜ:] как ё в слове свёкла; средний между о и ё [ Λ ] как а в слове камыш;
[ æ ] очень открытый, широкий э;
  [ ə ] безударный гласный, как второе о в слове холодно;

Дифтонги

[ ai ] Как ай в слове майка; [ oυ ] [əυ] как оу;
[ ei ] Как ей в слове лейка; [εə ] как эа;
[ɔi ] Как ой в слове сойка; [ iə ] как иэ;
[au ] Как ау в слове пауза; [υə ] как уэ;

Согласные

[ p ] – п [ k ] – к [ m ] – м [ ∫ ] – ш
[ b ] – б [ g ] [ g ] – г [ n ] – н [ t ] – ч
[ f ] – ф [ t ] – т [ s ] – с [ ʒ ] – ж
[ v ] – в [ d ] – д [ z ] – з [dʒ ] – дж
[ l ] л,произносится несколько мягче перед гласными [i, i:, e, ei, εə] [ŋ ] н(носовой)
[ r ] как рв слове жребий; [ j ] йкак в слове майор;
[ h ] х (произносится на выдохе, слабо); [ju] как ю в слове южный;
[ w ] в(произносится одними губами); [je] как е в слове ель;
[ θ ] с (кончик языка – между зубами); [jɔ] как ёв слове ёлка;
[ ð ] з(кончик языка – между зубами); [jΛ] как а в слове яма;

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