IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов их эквивалентов. Подчеркните модальные глаголы в английских предложениях и в переводе
1) Many old artifacts can be seen in the museum of transport.
2) Any passenger should be able to board the train without a difficulty.
3) One must understand that the work of an engine driver requires much experience.
4) You need notgo to the railway station to buy tickets because you canbook them at the nearest travel agency.
5) It is a non-smoking carriage. You are not allowed to smoke here.
V. Образуйте от данных глаголов две формы Participle I. Полученные причастия переведите на русский язык.
Model: to read – a) reading – читая, читающий;b) having read – прочитав
1) to heat
2) to choose
3) to improve
4) to modernize
5) to provide
6) to fit
7) to run
8) to break
9) to know
10) to weld
VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle I в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия I в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1) When demonstrating his new device the inventor told many interesting things.
2) The Moscow Metro consists of a circle line with twelve stations and other lines radiating from the centre to the countryside.
3) Being introduced on the railways the automatic train control will facilitate the work of the driver.
4) The car being designed is intended for carrying coal.
5) Having been introduced on railways, electric traction provided higher speeds.
VII. Образуйте Participle II от глаголов, данных в скобках. Полученные словосочетания переведите.
Model: a (to write) article – a written article – написанная статья.
1) an (uncover) wagon;
2) (convey) goods;
3) (increase) comfort;
4) a (mount) body);
5) (decrease) maintenance costs;
6) (light) carriages;
7) (build) railways;
8) (reduce) weight;
9) an (empty) tank;
10)(furnish) cars
VIII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия II в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1) The steam locomotive invented by G. Stephenson developed a low speed.
2) When drawn by an electric locomotive, the train may consist of more than 90 cars.
3) If compared with electric locomotives, diesel locomotives have a higher maintenance cost.
4) The first British petrol-driven car called “The Knight” moved at a speed of only 8 miles per hour.
5) One of the main advantages of the diesel loco is the low cost of the fuel consumed.
IX. Перепишите и переведите текст.
Passenger cars
Passenger cars have reached a high stage of specialization. Engineering study has evolved, by stages, a unit that is safe, comfort table, and sturdy. The first passenger cars were high in proportion to their length, and were not fitted for movement upon rails. Their characteristics have gradually changed so as make them longer, lower, safer, more comfortable and convenient. Railway passenger equipment consists of many types: standard coaches, sleeping and parlor cars, dining cars, mail, express, and baggage cars, and others.
The modern day coach is quite a different type of conveyance from the old-fashioned car drawn by the Tom Thumb engine that was constructed more than a century ago. That car was a little larger than the stagecoach of its day, mounted on flanged wheels which passed in smooth fashion over iron-faced rails. The steel passenger car of today travelling over solid steel rails, on a ballasted roadbed, makes the modern trip by rail a safer and more comfortable experience than it was in the early days of railroading. Comfort and convenience now furnish the passengers with the installation of many devices: vestibuled platforms, roller bearings, steam heat, sanitary comforts, air-conditioning, ventilation, and attractive decoration and electric lighting effects.
X. Ответьте на вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста.
1) What were the first passenger cars like?
2) How did they change?
3) What types does the railway passenger equipment consist of today?
4) What are the characteristic features of the modern cars?
5) What devices are installed on modern passengers cars?
ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1) Great revolution is taking place in train maintenance.
2) New high-capacity freight wagons are being developed in many countries of the world.
3) The engineers will be testing a new locomotive during a long period of time tomorrow.
4) This modern locomotive is reaching the speed of about 200 kph.
5) The builders found ancient statues and ruins when they were building Moscow Metro.
II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму.
1) Be careful! The train (to approach –Present Continuous Active) the station!
2) He appeared on the platform just as the train (to pull out –Past Continuous Active).
3) Brazilian railways (to invest –Future Continuous Active) in computer technologies.
4) This line (to use –Present Continuous Passive) for transporting timber and coal.
5) While the workers (to build –Past Continuous Active) Moscow Metro they encountered many engineering difficulties.
III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму сказуемого (Active or Passive).
1) Railways (are developing; are being developed) with great rapidity.
2) Tests (are now making; are now being made) with a new automatic signalling system.
3) New kinds of passenger trains (are introducing; are being introduced) on Russian Railways.
4) Japan (is introducing; is being introduced) a large fleet of modernized electric trains.
5) The new high-speed passenger train Sapsan (is operating, is being operated) daily on the route Moscow-St Petersburg.
IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов. Подчеркните модальные глаголы в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1) A special lifting crane should be used for loading this container to the truck.
2) The car which you could see at the exhibition will be used on international routes.
3) Engineers have to design new cars both for long-distance and suburban trains.
4) Passengers need not walk across the railway lines; there is a footbridge at the end of the platform.
5) Both suburban and metro cars are to have sliding doors to speed up the exit and entrance of passengers.