Task 4. Give derivatives from the following words

to align, to assign, to own, operate, to departmentalize, centre, to respond, to comply, to define, to determine, liable, to earn, profit, to manage, to relate, to tax, to benefit, debt, limit, to regulate, complex, to permit, to administer, to employ, to oblige, certain

Task 5. Make up compounds and give their Russian equivalents.

1. team-	a) line
2. flat-	b) edge
3. tax-	c) holder
4. product-	d) back
5. down-	e) leading
6. self-	f) product
7. customer-	g) work
8. cutting-	h) exemt
9. stock	i) structured
10. single-	j) solving
11. world-	k) sides
12. profit-	l) employed
13. problem-	m) term
14. feed	n) wards
15. front-	o) based
16. down-	p) oriented
17. long-	q) driven

Task 6. Complete the following sentences with the words given or their derivatives.

liable employ franchise hierarchy centre share own partner access employ flat

1. A (1)_________ is the relationship existing between two or more persons who join to carry on a trade or business. Each person contributes money, property, labor or skill, and expects to share in the profits and losses of the business.

2. LLC (2)___________ are protected from personal (3)________ for business debts and claims -- a feature known as "limited (4)__________."

3. If you’re a sole trader, you’re running your own business as an individual. This is known as being ‘(5)_________’.

4. Opening a (6)___________ is usually less risky than setting up as an independent retailer. The (7)__________ is adopting a proven business model and selling a well-known product in a new local branch.

5. The main disadvantage of a (8)_________ comes from shared responsibility. Disputes can arise over decisions that have to be made, or about the effort one (9)_______ is putting into the firm compared with another. Like a sole trader, (10)________ have unlimited (11)________.

6. In the eyes of the law, the business and the (12)________ are the same. As a result, the owner is personally (13)_________ for the firm's debts and may have to pay for losses made by the business out of their own pocket.

7. The (14)_________ of a limited company is divided up into equal parts called (15)_______. Whoever owns one or more of these is called a (16)__________ .

8.A tall (17)________ structure would not fit with Capco’s innovative and entrepreneurial culture. Once the project has been completed these (18)_________ move on to another project with a different group of (19)__________.

9. A highly (20)_________, hierarchical structure means an organisation is run from the top. It may have a well-known person at its head who makes most of the decisions. A (21)________ structure is likely to create a much more democratic culture, where everyone’s opinion is valued.

10. In a virtual sense, technology is another means of (22)_________ the organization. The use of computer networks and software designed to facilitate group work within an organization can speed communications and decision making. Even more effective is the use of intranets to make company information readily (23)__________ throughout the organization.

TARGET PATTERNS

Text А. 1. Not only will this decision have an impact on how much you pay in taxes, but it will affect the amount of paperwork your business is required to do, the personal liability you face and your ability to raise money. – Данное решение повлияет не только на то, сколько и какие налоги вы будете платить, но и на «бумажную волокиту» (документооборот), которая потребуется для вашего бизнеса, на вашу персональную ответственность за долги и на способность привлекать средства. Not only are corporations subject to corporate income tax at both the federal and state levels, but any earnings distributed to shareholders in the form of dividends are taxed at individual tax rates on their personal income tax returns. – Не только доходы самой корпорации подлежат обложению налогами как на федеральном уровне так и на уровне штата, но и акционеры должны заплатить налоги на свои доходы, которые они получают от корпорации в виде дивидендов.
	2. If your business is owned and operated by several individuals, you'll want to take a look at structuring your business as a partnership. – Если в результате вашим бизнесом будут обладать и управлять несколько людей, то вы захотите рассмотреть партнерство в качестве формы собственности.   3. The franchisee, for all the training and support McDonald's offers, is running his or her own business. – И все же, несмотря на обучение и поддержку, предоставляемые компанией МакДоналдс, получатель франшизы управляет своим бизнесом сам,
	Text В. 1. Sometimes the business needs to use people with a variety of skills who are drawn from many parts or functional areas of the business such as marketing, operations, finance and human resources. These can be organized into teams to complete projects. – Иногда бизнесу требуется задействовать людей разного профиля и квалификаций, работающих в разных подразделениях таких как маркетинг, хозяйственное подразделение, финансовый отдел и отдел по работе с персоналом. Их (людей) могут объединять в команды для работы над проектами.

2. Organizational structure is the arrangement of positions and groups of positions within the organization. It is described in such terms as reporting relationships, patterns of interaction, and distribution of responsibilities. – Организационная структура представляет собой схему расположения должностей внутри организации. Она описывает/отражает подотчетность, взаимодействие и распределение обязанностей.

3. Together the dual chain of command and extensive conflict require that employees in a matrix structure be skilled at communication and conflict resolution. – Двойственность, возникающая в результате делегирования прав и ответственности на более низкие уровни организации, наряду с разногласиями между подразделениями требует от работников организации с матричной структурой больших умений в общении и разрешении споров.