B) Choose the idiom above to replace the expression in the brackets
1) The man was (very sad) about his friend’s death.
2) I had (a sincere) talk with my friend.
3) The man has (a hard and cold personality).
4) My grandmother (is kind and generous) and she is always willing to help a stranger.
5) My mother (is totally against) my plan to leave the University.
Завдання для самостійної роботи студента
1) Перекладіть словосполучення на англійську мову і складіть з ними речення
передсердя і шлуночки
камера серця
серцевий клапан
регулювати кровотік
кровоносні судини
система кровообігу
серцево-судинна система
велике коло кровообігу
мале коло кровообігу
скорочення серця
2) Дайте розгорнуту відповідь на питання
1) Where is the heart located?
2) What is the myocardium?
3) What parts does the heart consist of?
4) How is the system of blood vessels called?
3) Поясніть терміни
Серце
Серцево-судинна система
Систола
Діастола
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary
| Airway | [’eərweɪ] | дихальні шляхи |
| Alveolus (pl. alveoli) | [ˌælviˈəʊləs ælˈvɪəlaɪ ] | альвеола |
| Apex | [ ʹeıpeks ] | верхівка |
| Base | ['beiz] | основа |
| Border | [ˈbɔːdə] | границя |
| Carbon dioxide | [ˈkɑːbəndaɪˈɒksaɪd] | вуглекислий газ |
| Exhale | [eks’heɪl] | видихати |
| Gas exchange | ['gæs iks'ʧeinʤ] | газообмін |
| Hazardous | [’hæzərdəs] | небезпечний |
| Inhalation | [inhǝ'leiʃn] | вдих |
| Infant | ['infǝnt] | немовля |
| Lateral | [ˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l] | боковий |
| Lobe | ['lǝʋb] | доля |
| Mediastinum | [ ͵mi:dıəʹstaınəm ] | середостіння |
| Pleura | [ ʹplʋ(ə)rə ] | плевра |
| Respiration | [ˏrespi'reiʃn] | дихання |
| Spongy | [ʹspʌndʒı] | губчастий |
| Vital capacity | [ˈvaɪtəl kəˈpæsətɪ] | життєвий об’єм |
Exercise 2. Pronounce correctly
Lung [lʌŋ], respiratory [rɪˈspaɪrətr̩i], vary [’veərɪ], surface [ˈsɜːfɪs], weight [weɪt], alveoli [ælˈvɪəlaɪ ], functional [ˈfʌŋkʃənəl], oxygen [ˈɒksɪdʒən], vital [‘vaitəl]
Exercise 3. Translate into Ukrainian
the respiratory system, spongy air-filled organs, muscles of respiration, the lateral cavities of the chest, to be covered with the pleura, conical in shape, the weight of the lungs, the vital capacity of the lungs, to consist of three lobes, to be of a pale rose colour, to become darker, the capillaries of the lungs, gas exchange in the lungs, the total surface, to provide with oxygen, to remove carbon dioxide
Grammar. One/ones, that/those
| The right lung is larger than the left lung. | The right lung is larger than the left one. |
| The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than the walls of the right ventricle. | The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than those of the right one. |
Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the use and translation of one/ones,
that/those
1) The right atrium is larger than the left one.
2) The number of the vertebrae in the coccyx is less than the number of those in the neck.
3) The lower lobe of the left lung is larger than the upper one.
4) The bones of the lower extremities are longer than those of the upper ones.
5) The weight of the lung is less than that of the heart.
6) Which dictionary do you want? This one or that one?
Exercise 5. Read the text. Write out the keywords and word-combinations
The Lungs
There are 3 major parts of the respiratory system: the airway, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration.
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. There are two lungs in the human body. They are spongy air-filled organs located in the lateral cavities of the chest. The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum. The lungs are covered with the pleura. They are conical in shape. Each lung has the base, apex, two borders and three surfaces.
The weight of the lungs varies according to many conditions. In the adult male, the weight of the lungs is about 1,350 gr. The right lung is about 15% heavier than the left one.
Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that a person can exhale after maximum inhalation. The vital capacity of the lungs is 3.5-4 liters in the male and it is 3-3.5 liters in the female.
The right lung consisting of three lobes is heavier than the left one because the latter consists only of two lobes. The lower lobe of the left lung is larger than the upper one.
In infants, the lungs are of a pale rose colour, but later they become darker.
Alveoli are the functional units of the lungs that permit gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries of the lungs. The lungs have many capillaries with the total surface of about 80 sq.m.
The respiratory system provides gas exchange in the organism. Gas exchange is performed by the lungs by eliminating carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration. De-oxygenated blood, "blue blood", comes from the pulmonary arteries. Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
The exchange of air between the external environment and the alveoli is called ventilation. There are two phases of ventilation: inspiration (breathing in) and expiration (breathing out). Normal adults have a respiratory rate of 12-20 breaths per minute.