Electronics today and tomorrow
1 Electronics is believed to be a rather young and a very promising science. 2. It has become a powerful means of progress. 3. Electronics has widened our vision.and given us the chance to see the microworld more clearly.4.Electron-optical image, converters using sol id-state, components penetrate deep into opaque materials,'convert invisible radiations to visible, and pick up light of negligible intensity. 5 Radio-telescopes are known to collect and to focus the radio waves emitted by celestial bodies, revealing new facts about the universe.6 Of course, radio waves are not the only carriers of information in space.7. Modern science knows many more media which can be employed for this purpose, 8. These are the infra-red and ultraviolet radiations, X- and gamma rays, elementary particles and fields, etc.9. What role will electronics play in space travel? 10 Above all, it will give a deeper insight into the properties of outer space. 11. Radio is thought to help man to learn more about the Sun's atmosphere, the atmosphere of many planets, the location and speed of huge hydrogen clouds in space, and the processes accompanying the collisions of galaxies 12 Electronics is expected to enable the astronauts to locate their position in space. 13. Spaceships will be guided automatically just as robots pilot aircraft today. 14. Electronics is sure to give the space pilots easy control for soft landing on other planets. 15. Collision-warning radars will operate automatic control if there is a danger of meteor hitting the spaceship. 16. Before all this can be accomplished, however, a great many complicated problems will have to be solved. 17. One problem is that of extending the range of radio communication in space. 18.With proper refinements, radio communication is likely to be set up over distances of 100 million kilometers or even more.
19. To ensure higher effectiveness and reliability of communication many thousands of scientific experiments in the USSR and abroad were devoted to the investigations of these factors. 20. All scientific achievements in the field of transmitting information over long distances being applied in the system of space communication, real possibilities are opened up for transmitting tremendous amount of information over distances of several hundred million kilometers. 21. Greater prospects for constructing even more effective systems for transmitting information in space are expected to be opened with the application of methods arid means of quantum electronics and especially of quantum generators.22 Quantum generators make possible the emission of electromagnetic waves in. extremely narrow beams. 23. All these scientific achievements are considered to be very important for future development of space communication.
Слова для запоминания
n aircraft, carrier, danger, range, refinement
и accompany, accomplish, devote, employ, enable, penetrate, pick-up, range
Слова для повторения
n achievement, location v ensure, extend, reveal
a narrow, negligible, only
adv extremely
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
IV. * Прочтите предложения, укажите номера предложений, содержащих оборот «именительный падеж с инфинитивом», и переведите все предложения:
1. The proper refinement is expected to be necessary for this system.
2. The proper refinement was used to improve the operation of this system.
3. The design of the transmitter was changed to be employed in this aircraft.
4. Radar is known to be employed to locate aircraft.
5. Iron and zinc plates are used to produce negative electrodes.
6. Some types of vacuum tubes may be used to rectify an alternating current.
7. Highly sensitive receivers are reported to be employed in space communication.
8. Special sputniks were created to provide reliable radio contact in space.
V. Прочтите и переведите предложения:
1. The device has proved to be extremely useful for space navigation.
2. The infra-red and ultra-violet radiations have been found to be media for carrying information in space.
3. Electronics is expected to enable the astronauts to locate their position in space.
4. These converters did not seem to be suitable for this purpose.
5. Metallic conductors do not appear to undergo any chemical change due to the passage of a current.
6. The receiver didn't turn out to be perfect while operating on low frequencies.
7. This measuring instrument does not seem to be reliable.
VI.* Прочтите предложения, укажите номера предложений, в которых слово "range" является сказуемым, и переведите все предложения:
1. The problem of extending the range of radio communication in space is very important.
2. This material can be employed within definite temperature ranges.
3. The radar system ranges within a definite distance.
4. The temperature range from - 500° C to —100 F can be achieved within four hours.
5. A short distance rocket ranges within some miles.
VII* Прочтите предложения, укажите номера предложений, в которых слово "only" является именем прилагательным, и переведите все предложения;
1. Only powerful sources may be employed in space laboratories.
2. The designer is the only person who may change these parameters.
3. The students were shown only an automatic control system.
4. The only danger of the flight was a possible collision with micrometeorites.
5. Radio waves are not the only carriers of information in space.
VIII. * Назовите инфинитивы глаголов, от которых образованы следующие имена существительные:
carrier, refinement, accomplishment, penetration, location, achievement, guidance, injector, correspondence, circulation, collision, collection, measurement, application, consideration, assumption, expectation, disturbance, establishment, provision, requirement, definition, performance, creator, consumption, insulation, exposure, presentation, elimination
IX. Прочтите и переведите группы слов:
1. aircraft location; 2. aircraft location system; 3. communication refinement; 4. radar equipment refinement; 5. space investigations; 6. space investigation achievements; 7. range determination; 8. the range determination equipment; 9. a collision danger; 10. space radio navigation; 11. a light-weight metallic body; 12. quantum generator performance; 13. long range rockets; 14. aircraft reliability; 15. satellite control system
X. Образуйте наречия от прилагательных:
а) Переведите прилагательные и наречия:
negligible, proper, tremendous, close, rapid, suitable, exact, actual, artificial, reliable, considerable, appreciable, total, perfect
б) Проверьте по словарю значения наречий, образованных от прилагательных:
great, high, main, near, ready
XI. * Прочтите и переведите сочетания слов:
1. a rather high velocity; 2. a rather high ion concentration; 3. to penetrate into outer space; 4. the penetrating radiation; 5. to pick up signals from the satellite; 6. signals picked up by the ground station; 7. to study celestial bodies; 8. the radio waves emitted by celestial bodies; 9. to employ collision-warning radars; 10. proper refinements employed by this engineer; 11. a charge carrier; 12. a rocket carrier; 13. a tremendous speed 14. tremendous amount of information; 15. to. accomplish the investigation; 16. the research accomplished last year; 17. processes accompanying nuclear explosion; 18. heat release accompanying this reaction; 19. a system suitable for operation in the range from Mars to Venus; 20. to enable astronauts to carry out the experiments in space
XII. Прочитайте и переведите предложения:
1. Тo learn more about the Sun's atmosphere and the atmosphere of many planets was the task of the space flight.
2. Electronics is believed to have enabled the astronauts to locate their position in space and to measure their speeds.
3. We expect spaceships to be guided automatically.
4. We launch spaceships to learn more about the Sun's atmosphere, the location and speed of huge hydrogen clouds in space, and the processes accompanying the collision of galaxies.
5. There are many complicated problems to be solved for extending the range of radio communication in space.
6. We want you to take into consideration that voltage, resistance and capacity are the three important properties to influence the flow of current in an electric circuit.
7. Among the possible sources of power for engines one has to consider the possibility of applying atomic energy.
8. If the same cyclotron is to be used for the acceleration of different particles, the necessary adjustment may be made in two ways.
9. This device does not seem to operate because the voltage in the circuit is small.
10. We watched the operator solve a number of complicated problems by using a computer.
11. There are many factors to be taken into consideration when designing a spaceship.
XIII. * Укажите дробью номер вопроса (числитель) и номер предложения из текста, которое является ответом на него (знаменатель):
1. Has electronics become a powerful means of progress?
2. What has electronics widened?
3. What will electronics give us?
4. How will spaceships be guided?
5. What will collision-warning radars do?
6. What were thousands of scientific experiments devoted to?
7. What do quantum generators make possible?
8. What prospects are expected with the application of methods and means of quantum electronics?
XIV. Переведите, не пользуясь словарем:
Space Thermoelectric Unit
Solar thermoelectric generator may provide auxiliary1 electric power for space vehicles. The solar-energy thermionic con version device consists of the semiconductor elements placed between the light-weight metallic sheets2. Heat from the Sun is collected by one metallic sheet and conducted through it to the semiconductor element. Heat energy not converted to electrical energy by the element is passed to the opposite3 sheet from which it is radiated into space. Such a system is believed to be suitable for operation in the range from Mars to Venus. Expected performance of the generators may be at power levels4, ranging from less than a watt to several kilowatts. Above these levels, performance of other generating systems seems to be more suitable. One such generator is also undergoing development.
Пояснения к тексту
1. auxiliary — вспомогательный, дополнительный
2. sheets — пластины
3. opposite — противоположный
4. levels — уровни
XV. Переведите, пользуясь словарем: