П2 Karen Moore, Marketing Director
П3 Subject
П4 April 18, 2013
ВЫБОР
Определите, к какому виду документов относится отрывок…
1. The Subject.
The Sellers undertakes to sell and the Buyers to buy on conditions FOB Moscow the following equipment: 30 drills model DT-054.
2. Prices and Total Value.
The total value of the equipment, spare parts, tools, technical documentation and services amounts to 8,400 $. The prices are firm and subject to no alteration.
3. Terms of Payment
Payments are to be effected within 30 days of the date of receipt by the Buyers of the following documents for collection: Seller's invoice and complete set of «clean-on-board» Bills of Lading.
B- an enquiry letter
B- a resume
B+ a contract
B- a letter of application
ВЫБОР
Определите, к какому виду документов относится отрывок…
3. Terms of Payment.
The total amount of 20,400 $ shall be paid in US dollars by the Bank of Moscow, the Russian Federation, to the Middle Bank, the UK, London.
4. Time of Delivery.
The delivery of the equipment shall begin in 3 month and shall be completed in 10 month from the date of signing of the Preliminary Acceptance Protocol.
B+ a contract
B- a letter of application
B- an enquiry letter
B- a resume
ВЫБОР
Выберите сочетание слов, соответствующее заголовку данного пункта контракта ...
15% advance payment of the total value shall be made within 30 days of the effective date.
85% of the total value shall be paid in accordance with the Credit Agreement between the MoskovskyNarodny Bank, the Russian Federation, Moscow and the Middle Bank, United Kingdom.
В+ Terms of payment
В- Subject of the Contract
В- Packing and Marking
В- Terms of delivery
ВЫБОР
Выберите сочетание слов, соответствующее заголовку данного пункта контракта.
The Sellers have sold and the Buyers have bought on the conditions f.o.b. London, the complete equipment, technology and technical documentation of the refinery plant NTF-125 in full conformity with the technical characteristics and in complete scope of supply specified in Appendix N 1.
В- Terms of payment
В+ Subject of the Contract
В- Price and Total Value of the Contract
В- Termsofdelivery
ВЫБОР
Выберите сочетание слов, соответствующее заголовку данного пункта контракта…
The packing of the goods to be delivered under the present Contract shall ensure its safety during both railway and marine transportation as well as during transshipment when the usual handling of the cargoes is observed.
The goods to be delivered shall have the following marking:
- Made in Russia
- The port of loading
- Order Number
- Case Number
- Net and Gross Weight
- Contract No.
- Port of destination.
В- Terms of payment
В+ Packing and Marking
В- Price and Total Value of the Contract
В- Terms of delivery
Раздел 1
Блок А
ВЫБОР [8.1.1]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
If a judge finds a verdict of guilt, … is sentenced to jail or payment of fine.
В- the paralegal
B+ the accused
B - the attorney
B- the charged
ВЫБОР [8.1.2]
2. Выберите соответствующий вариант.
Как называется мировой судья?
В + JusticeofthePeace
В - solicitor
В - magistrate
B - Attorney of the Defense
ВЫБОР [8.1.3]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
A person who allocates capital with the expectation of a financial return is called …
B - merchant
B - banker
B + investor
B - distributor
ВЫБОР [8.1.4]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
In the Greco-Roman world … s typically did not have high social status, though they may have enjoyed great wealth
B + merchants
B - consultants
B - accountants
B - stocktraders
ВЫБОР [8.1.5]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
Irving Fisher once was called "the greatest … the United States has ever produced".
B + economist
B - marketing director
B - Product Analyst
B - investor
ВЫБОР [8.1.6]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
In Canada, public … in most provinces are called Crown Attorney or Crown Counsel
B - plaintiffs
B - defendants
B - paralegals
B + prosecutors
ВЫБОР [8.1.7]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
A … is a legal practitioner who traditionally deals with any legal matter in court in some jurisdictions
B - jury
B - advocate
B - Justice of peace
B + solicitor
ВЫБОР [8.1.8]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
… are appointed or elected from the citizens of the jurisdiction in which they serve, and are usually not required to have any formal legal education in order to qualify for the office.
B - prosecutors
B + justices of the peace
B - bailiffs
B - coroners
ВЫБОР [8.1.9]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
… sell goods and services from individuals or businesses to the end-user, that makes an integrated system called the supply chain.
B - analysts
B - CEO
B + retailers
B - personalmanager
ВЫБОР [8.1.10]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
Tax specialists may work for companies or the …
B + Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
B - World Trade Organization (WTO)
B - Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI)
B - Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
ВЫБОР [8.1.11]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
… examines trends that exist during the international exchange of goods and services
B - merchant
B + foreign trade analyst
B - bankrupt
B - accountant
ВЫБОР [8.1.12]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
A … is a person or entityaccused of a crime in criminal prosecution or a person or entity against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.
B - attorney
B + defendant
B - witness
B - barrister
ВЫБОР [8.1.13]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
In the courts of England and Wales … are also known as justices of the peace
B + magistrates
B - members of the Supreme Court
B - sheriffs
B - public prosecutors
ВЫБОР [8.1.14]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
Justices of the peace and district judges (formerly known as … ) permanently employed by the Ministry of Justice.
B - solicitors
B + stipendiary magistrates
B - paralegals
B - attorneys-at-law
ВЫБОР [8.1.15]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
… is generally the most senior person corporation officer or administrator in charge of managing a for-profit organization
B + chief executive officer
B - merchant
B - retailer
B – tradesman
БлокВ
ВЫБОР [8.1.1]
Заголовкомданноготекстаявляется …
As long as criminal behavior continues, the need for prosecuting lawyers will also continue. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics cites the lawyer profession as the backbone of the legal system. While sufficient education and training exists amidst a plethora of law universities, more education is required to become a prosecutor. The District of Columbia (DC) bar notes that a special disposition is required for successful prosecuting work.
Beginning with the right mindset is the first requirement to become a prosecutor. "The State of Criminal Justice 2006" notes that being a prosecutor isn't merely about winning cases, but about proactively seeking justice outside the courtroom as much as within. The potential or practicing prosecutor must acknowledge the full scope of the job, including advocating for policy changes and educating fellow prosecutors.
After graduating law school and obtaining a law license, prosecutors may work in a variety of offices. These range from the United States Attorney's Office, the Department of Justice, offices of local district attorneys and state attorneys and enforcement facets of regulatory agencies, according the DC bar.
Therefore, requirements for becoming a prosecutor differ among these offices, with each potentially requiring a particular focus. An example of this is the computer crime section of the Department of Justice, requiring a keen interest and aptitude in information technology and computers.
Generally, though, most positions require at least one year of postgraduate legal experience and a two-to-three year commitment to the hiring law office. Additionally, many offices require a background check and drug test.
В + Requirements to become a prosecutor lawyer
В - The State of Criminal Justice.
В - American judicial system.
В - District of Columbia legal bar.
ВЫБОР [8.1.2]
As long as criminal behavior continues, the need for prosecuting lawyers will also continue. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics cites the lawyer profession as the backbone of the legal system. While sufficient education and training exists amidst a plethora of law universities, more education is required to become a prosecutor. The District of Columbia (DC) bar notes that a special disposition is required for successful prosecuting work.
Beginning with the right mindset is the first requirement to become a prosecutor. "The State of Criminal Justice 2006" notes that being a prosecutor isn't merely about winning cases, but about proactively seeking justice outside the courtroom as much as within. The potential or practicing prosecutor must acknowledge the full scope of the job, including advocating for policy changes and educating fellow prosecutors.
After graduating law school and obtaining a law license, prosecutors may work in a variety of offices. These range from the United States Attorney's Office, the Department of Justice, offices of local district attorneys and state attorneys and enforcement facets of regulatory agencies, according the DC bar.
Therefore, requirements for becoming a prosecutor differ among these offices, with each potentially requiring a particular focus. An example of this is the computer crime section of the Department of Justice, requiring a keen interest and aptitude in information technology and computers.
Generally, though, most positions require at least one year of postgraduate legal experience and a two-to-three year commitment to the hiring law office. Additionally, many offices require a background check and drug test.
Содержанию данного текста соответствует предложение …
B - United States Attorney's Office is the main judicial body in the USA.
B - All offices require a background check, drug and alcohol tests.
В +After finishing law school and gaining a law license, a prosecutor may work in a wide range of offices.
B - Nowadays less education is required to become a prosecutor.
ВВОД [8.1.3]
As long as criminal behavior continues, the need for prosecuting lawyers will also continue. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics cites the lawyer profession as the backbone of the legal system. While sufficient education and training exists amidst a plethora of law universities, more education is required to become a prosecutor. The District of Columbia (DC) bar notes that a special disposition is required for successful prosecuting work.
Beginning with the right mindset is the first requirement to become a prosecutor. "The State of Criminal Justice 2006" notes that being a prosecutor isn't merely about winning cases, but about proactively seeking justice outside the courtroom as much as within. The potential or practicing prosecutor must acknowledge the full scope of the job, including advocating for policy changes and educating fellow prosecutors.
After graduating law school and obtaining a law license, prosecutors may work in a variety of offices. These range from the United States Attorney's Office, the Department of Justice, offices of local district attorneys and state attorneys and enforcement facets of regulatory agencies, according the DC bar.
Therefore, requirements for becoming a prosecutor differ among these offices, with each potentially requiring a particular focus. An example of this is the computer crime section of the Department of Justice, requiring a keen interest and aptitude in information technology and computers.
Generally, though, most positions require at least one year of postgraduate legal experience and a two-to-three year commitment to the hiring law office. Additionally, many offices require a background check and drug test.
Заполнитепропусквпредложениисогласнотексту«Some crime sections requires from prosecutors aptitude in information…»(сущ., ед. ч.).
B + technology
ВВОД[8.1.4]
As long as criminal behavior continues, the need for prosecuting lawyers will also continue. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics cites the lawyer profession as the backbone of the legal system. While sufficient education and training exists amidst a plethora of law universities, more education is required to become a prosecutor. The District of Columbia (DC) bar notes that a special disposition is required for successful prosecuting work.
Beginning with the right mindset is the first requirement to become a prosecutor. "The State of Criminal Justice 2006" notes that being a prosecutor isn't merely about winning cases, but about proactively seeking justice outside the courtroom as much as within. The potential or practicing prosecutor must acknowledge the full scope of the job, including advocating for policy changes and educating fellow prosecutors.
After graduating law school and obtaining a law license, prosecutors may work in a variety of offices. These range from the United States Attorney's Office, the Department of Justice, offices of local district attorneys and state attorneys and enforcement facets of regulatory agencies, according the DC bar.
Therefore, requirements for becoming a prosecutor differ among these offices, with each potentially requiring a particular focus. An example of this is the computer crime section of the Department of Justice, requiring a keen interest and aptitude in information technology and computers.
Generally, though, most positions require at least one year of postgraduate legal experience and a two-to-three year commitment to the hiring law office. Additionally, many offices require a background check and drug test.
Ответомнавопрос «How many of postgraduate legal years experience is necessary to become a prosecutor?» согласноданномутекстуявляется … (числительноезаписатьцифрами).
B + 1
ВВОД[8.1.5]
As long as criminal behavior continues, the need for prosecuting lawyers will also continue. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics cites the lawyer profession as the backbone of the legal system. While sufficient education and training exists amidst a plethora of law universities, more education is required to become a prosecutor. The District of Columbia (DC) bar notes that a special disposition is required for successful prosecuting work.
Beginning with the right mindset is the first requirement to become a prosecutor. "The State of Criminal Justice 2006" notes that being a prosecutor isn't merely about winning cases, but about proactively seeking justice outside the courtroom as much as within. The potential or practicing prosecutor must acknowledge the full scope of the job, including advocating for policy changes and educating fellow prosecutors.
After graduating law school and obtaining a law license, prosecutors may work in a variety of offices. These range from the United States Attorney's Office, the Department of Justice, offices of local district attorneys and state attorneys and enforcement facets of regulatory agencies, according the DC bar.
Therefore, requirements for becoming a prosecutor differ among these offices, with each potentially requiring a particular focus. An example of this is the computer crime section of the Department of Justice, requiring a keen interest and aptitude in information technology and computers.
Generally, though, most positions require at least one year of postgraduate legal experience and a two-to-three year commitment to the hiring law office. Additionally, many offices require a background check and drug test.
Закончитепредложениесогласнотексту «Being a prosecutor also means a proactive seeking justice outside the …».
B + courtroom
ВВОД[8.1.6]
As long as criminal behavior continues, the need for prosecuting lawyers will also continue. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics cites the lawyer profession as the backbone of the legal system. While sufficient education and training exists amidst a plethora of law universities, more education is required to become a prosecutor. The District of Columbia (DC) bar notes that a special disposition is required for successful prosecuting work.
Beginning with the right mindset is the first requirement to become a prosecutor. "The State of Criminal Justice 2006" notes that being a prosecutor isn't merely about winning cases, but about proactively seeking justice outside the courtroom as much as within. The potential or practicing prosecutor must acknowledge the full scope of the job, including advocating for policy changes and educating fellow prosecutors.
After graduating law school and obtaining a law license, prosecutors may work in a variety of offices. These range from the United States Attorney's Office, the Department of Justice, offices of local district attorneys and state attorneys and enforcement facets of regulatory agencies, according the DC bar.
Therefore, requirements for becoming a prosecutor differ among these offices, with each potentially requiring a particular focus. An example of this is the computer crime section of the Department of Justice, requiring a keen interest and aptitude in information technology and computers.
Generally, though, most positions require at least one year of postgraduate legal experience and a two-to-three year commitment to the hiring law office. Additionally, many offices require a background check and drug test.
Используйтеглаголвсоответствующейформедействительногозалога «As long as criminal behavior continues, the need for prosecuting lawyers … … (to continue)».
B + will continue
ВВОД [8.1.7]
As long as criminal behavior continues, the need for prosecuting lawyers will also continue. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics cites the lawyer profession as the backbone of the legal system. While sufficient education and training exists amidst a plethora of law universities, more education is required to become a prosecutor. The District of Columbia (DC) bar notes that a special disposition is required for successful prosecuting work.
Beginning with the right mindset is the first requirement to become a prosecutor. "The State of Criminal Justice 2006" notes that being a prosecutor isn't merely about winning cases, but about proactively seeking justice outside the courtroom as much as within. The potential or practicing prosecutor must acknowledge the full scope of the job, including advocating for policy changes and educating fellow prosecutors.
After graduating law school and obtaining a law license, prosecutors may work in a variety of offices. These range from the United States Attorney's Office, the Department of Justice, offices of local district attorneys and state attorneys and enforcement facets of regulatory agencies, according the DC bar.
Therefore, requirements for becoming a prosecutor differ among these offices, with each potentially requiring a particular focus. An example of this is the computer crime section of the Department of Justice, requiring a keen interest and aptitude in information technology and computers.
Generally, though, most positions require at least one year of postgraduate legal experience and a two-to-three year commitment to the hiring law office. Additionally, many offices require a background check and drug test.
Слово licenseв данном тексте может быть переведено как … (ед.ч., им.п.)
B + лицензия
Раздел 2
Блок А
ВЫБОР [9.1.1]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
At the … , the man was formally charged with the crime.
B - amendment
B + arraignment
B - jury box
B - law
ВЫБОР [9.1.2]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
When a lawyer approaches the bench, it means he want to the judge off the …
B - verdict
B - witness
B + record
B - law
ВЫБОР [9.1.3]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
The man was found guilty and was … to three years in prison.
B - voted
B - charged
B + sentenced
B - proclaimed
ВЫБОР [9.1.4]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
The case resulted in a … because some of the evidence was false.
B + mistrail
B - parole
B - verdict
B - subpoena
ВЫБОР [9.1.5]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
The boy was arrestedand … with arson.
B - guilty
B + charged
B - followed
B - swornin
ВЫБОР [8.1.6]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
At the end of the …, the robbers were found guilty.
B - court room
B + trial
B - bench
B - well
ВЫБОР [9.1.7]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
The lawyers hope they can solve the problem at a …
B + pre-trial hearing
B - prosecutor
B - felony
B - cross-examination
ВЫБОР [9.1.8]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
If aperson lies under …, he or she risks being charged with perjury.
B - promise
B - parole
B - evidence
B + oath
ВЫБОР [9.1.9]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
When a person is on the witness stand, he is … .
B - off the record
B - honoured
B + sworn in
B - interrupted
ВЫБОР [9.1.9]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
A company may have unregistered employees without a written contract and pay them …
B - credit cards
B - bank deposits
B - taxation
B - black salary
ВЫБОР [9.1.10]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
… involves under- or overvaluing invoices to disguise the movement of money.
B + trade-based laundering
B - bank fraud
B - currency exchange
B - financial thoughtcrime
ВЫБОР [9.1.11]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
Corporate … aim to generate large amounts of money by hostile takeovers of large inefficient companies.
B - finance
B - tax
B - raids
B - ownership
ВЫБОР [9.1.12]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
SinceMr. Green is being charged with negligence, it may …his business
B - negotiate
B - accuse
B - resolve
B + jeopardize
ВЫБОР [9.1.13]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
… refers to financially motivated nonviolent crime committed by business and government professionals
B - money laundering
B + white-collar crime
B - industrial espionage
B - franchise fraud
ВЫБОР [9.1.14]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
Greenhill LTD was accused in industrial espionage. The wanted to steal their competitors' …
B - mortgage
B - death penalty
B + trade secret
B - identitytheft
ВЫБОР [9.1.15]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
Law's Dictionary defines the … as the gift bestowed to influence the recipient's conduct. It may be any money, good, right in action, property, privilege, etc.
B + bribe
B - forgery
B - deposit
B – value
Блок В
ВЫБОР [9.1.1]
Заголовкомданноготекстаявляется …
Intellectual property crime is committed when someone manufactures, sells or distributes counterfeit or pirated goods for commercial gain.
The types of pirated goods are many and varied, but generally they fall into the following categories: optical Digital media, such as software and games; luxury clothing, footwear and accessories; automotive parts, electrical items and other manufactured goods.
Counterfeiting and distributing these goods requires different levels of expertise or techniques and attracts criminals of all types. For organized criminals, it is attractive because it offers a high financial return from, typically, a low investment. Also the risk of detection is comparatively low.
Globally, counterfeiting and piracy occur on a vast scale. More open borders and increased international trade make it easier for fake goods to flow across continents. Advances in technology have also made it easier to mass produce fake items. The best of them are of such high quality that they’re hard to tell from the real thing.
How to tell if something is fake?Price, packaging and where it’s on sale are three indicators to whether goods are counterfeit. However, it’s not always easy to tell the difference. Packaging is often hard to spot, as it’s made to look like the real thing as much as possible. Often, it even carries the trademarks of genuine manufacturers. Many fakes are of inferior quality, and the impression given is that they are “end of line” or stolen rather than fake. With some luxury goods, such as watches, fakes are offered for sale at or near the normal price to reinforce the idea that they are genuine. Internet auction sites are an attractive outlet for fake digital media – DVDs, software and music.
Counterfeiting is thought of as a victimless crime. However, consumers are at risk from poor quality or unsafe goods, such as fake pharmaceuticals or sun care products. Businesses also suffer economic harm through loss of sales which can lead to jobs losses, and the reputation of their brands suffers too. Higher prices, extra costs to law enforcement and loss of tax revenue affect all of us.
B - Pirated goods
B - Counterfeiting and distributing
B + Intellectual property crime
B - Fake trademarks
ВЫБОР [9.1.2]
Intellectual property crime is committed when someone manufactures, sells or distributes counterfeit or pirated goods for commercial gain.
The types of pirated goods are many and varied, but generally they fall into the following categories: optical Digital media, such as software and games; luxury clothing, footwear and accessories; automotive parts, electrical items and other manufactured goods.
Counterfeiting and distributing these goods requires different levels of expertise or techniques and attracts criminals of all types. For organized criminals, it is attractive because it offers a high financial return from, typically, a low investment. Also the risk of detection is comparatively low.
Globally, counterfeiting and piracy occur on a vast scale. More open borders and increased international trade make it easier for fake goods to flow across continents. Advances in technology have also made it easier to mass produce fake items. The best of them are of such high quality that they’re hard to tell from the real thing.
How to tell if something is fake? Price, packaging and where it’s on sale are three indicators to whether goods are counterfeit. However, it’s not always easy to tell the difference. Packaging is often hard to spot, as it’s made to look like the real thing as much as possible. Often, it even carries the trademarks of genuine manufacturers. Many fakes are of inferior quality, and the impression given is that they are “end of line” or stolen rather than fake. With some luxury goods, such as watches, fakes are offered for sale at or near the normal price to reinforce the idea that they are genuine. Internet auction sites are an attractive outlet for fake digital media – DVDs, software and music.
Counterfeiting is thought of as a victimless crime. However, consumers are at risk from poor quality or unsafe goods, such as fake pharmaceuticals or sun care products. Businesses also suffer economic harm through loss of sales which can lead to jobs losses, and the reputation of their brands suffers too. Higher prices, extra costs to law enforcement and loss of tax revenue affect all of us.
Содержанию данного текста соответствует предложение …
B - Advances in taxation have made it easier to mass produce fake goods.
B - Businesses also suffer economic harm through loss of sales
B - Counterfeiting and piracy are a victimless crime.
B + On-line auction sites are very attractive outlets for fake digital media.
ВВОД [9.1.3]
Intellectual property crime is committed when someone manufactures, sells or distributes counterfeit or pirated goods for commercial gain.
The types of pirated goods are many and varied, but generally they fall into the following categories: optical Digital media, such as software and games; luxury clothing, footwear and accessories; automotive parts, electrical items and other manufactured goods.
Counterfeiting and distributing these goods requires different levels of expertise or techniques and attracts criminals of all types. For organized criminals, it is attractive because it offers a high financial return from, typically, a low investment. Also the risk of detection is comparatively low.
Globally, counterfeiting and piracy occur on a vast scale. More open borders and increased international trade make it easier for fake goods to flow across continents. Advances in technology have also made it easier to mass produce fake items. The best of them are of such high quality that they’re hard to tell from the real thing.
How to tell if something is fake? Price, packaging and where it’s on sale are three indicators to whether goods are counterfeit. However, it’s not always easy to tell the difference. Packaging is often hard to spot, as it’s made to look like the real thing as much as possible. Often, it even carries the trademarks of genuine manufacturers. Many fakes are of inferior quality, and the impression given is that they are “end of line” or stolen rather than fake. With some luxury goods, such as watches, fakes are offered for sale at or near the normal price to reinforce the idea that they are genuine. Internet auction sites are an attractive outlet for fake digital media – DVDs, software and music.
Counterfeiting is thought of as a victimless crime. However, consumers are at risk from poor quality or unsafe goods, such as fake pharmaceuticals or sun care products. Businesses also suffer economic harm through loss of sales which can lead to jobs losses, and the reputation of their brands suffers too. Higher prices, extra costs to law enforcement and loss of tax revenue affect all of us.
Заполнитепропусквпредложениисогласнотексту«Luxury goods, like watches, are usually sold at or near the normal price to prove that they are …» (сущ., eд. ч.)
+genuine
ОК-16
ВВОД [9.1.4]
Intellectual property crime is committed when someone manufactures, sells or distributes counterfeit or pirated goods for commercial gain.
The types of pirated goods are many and varied, but generally they fall into the following categories: optical Digital media, such as software and games; luxury clothing, footwear and accessories; automotive parts, electrical items and other manufactured goods.
Counterfeiting and distributing these goods requires different levels of expertise or techniques and attracts criminals of all types. For organized criminals, it is attractive because it offers a high financial return from, typically, a low investment. Also the risk of detection is comparatively low.
Globally, counterfeiting and piracy occur on a vast scale. More open borders and increased international trade make it easier for fake goods to flow across continents. Advances in technology have also made it easier to mass produce fake items. The best of them are of such high quality that they’re hard to tell from the real thing.
How to tell if something is fake? Price, packaging and where it’s on sale are three indicators to whether goods are counterfeit. However, it’s not always easy to tell the difference. Packaging is often hard to spot, as it’s made to look like the real thing as much as possible. Often, it even carries the trademarks of genuine manufacturers. Many fakes are of inferior quality, and the impression given is that they are “end of line” or stolen rather than fake. With some luxury goods, such as watches, fakes are offered for sale at or near the normal price to reinforce the idea that they are genuine. Internet auction sites are an attractive outlet for fake digital media – DVDs, software and music.
Counterfeiting is thought of as a victimless crime. However, consumers are at risk from poor quality or unsafe goods, such as fake pharmaceuticals or sun care products. Businesses also suffer economic harm through loss of sales which can lead to jobs losses, and the reputation of their brands suffers too. Higher prices, extra costs to law enforcement and loss of tax revenue affect all of us.
Ответомнавопрос «How many indicators are there to prove the goods to be counterfeit?»согласноданномутекстуявляется … (числительноезаписатьцифрами).
B + 3
ВВОД [9.1.5]
Intellectual property crime is committed when someone manufactures, sells or distributes counterfeit or pirated goods for commercial gain.
The types of pirated goods are many and varied, but generally they fall into the following categories: optical Digital media, such as software and games; luxury clothing, footwear and accessories; automotive parts, electrical items and other manufactured goods.
Counterfeiting and distributing these goods requires different levels of expertise or techniques and attracts criminals of all types. For organized criminals, it is attractive because it offers a high financial return from, typically, a low investment. Also the risk of detection is comparatively low.
Globally, counterfeiting and piracy occur on a vast scale. More open borders and increased international trade make it easier for fake goods to flow across continents. Advances in technology have also made it easier to mass produce fake items. The best of them are of such high quality that they’re hard to tell from the real thing.
How to tell if something is fake? Price, packaging and where it’s on sale are three indicators to whether goods are counterfeit. However, it’s not always easy to tell the difference. Packaging is often hard to spot, as it’s made to look like the real thing as much as possible. Often, it even carries the trademarks of genuine manufacturers. Many fakes are of inferior quality, and the impression given is that they are “end of line” or stolen rather than fake. With some luxury goods, such as watches, fakes are offered for sale at or near the normal price to reinforce the idea that they are genuine. Internet auction sites are an attractive outlet for fake digital media – DVDs, software and music.
Counterfeiting is thought of as a victimless crime. However, consumers are at risk from poor quality or unsafe goods, such as fake pharmaceuticals or sun care products. Businesses also suffer economic harm through loss of sales which can lead to jobs losses, and the reputation of their brands suffers too. Higher prices, extra costs to law enforcement and loss of tax revenue affect all of us.
Закончитепредложениесогласнотексту «To commit an Intellectual property crime means to sell or distribute pirated goods for commercial … ».
B + gain
ВВОД [9.1.6]
Intellectual property crime is committed when someone manufactures, sells or distributes counterfeit or pirated goods for commercial gain.
The types of pirated goods are many and varied, but generally they fall into the following categories: optical Digital media, such as software and games; luxury clothing, footwear and accessories; automotive parts, electrical items and other manufactured goods.
Counterfeiting and distributing these goods requires different levels of expertise or techniques and attracts criminals of all types. For organized criminals, it is attractive because it offers a high financial return from, typically, a low investment. Also the risk of detection is comparatively low.
Globally, counterfeiting and piracy occur on a vast scale. More open borders and increased international trade make it easier for fake goods to flow across continents. Advances in technology have also made it easier to mass produce fake items. The best of them are of such high quality that they’re hard to tell from the real thing.
How to tell if something is fake? Price, packaging and where it’s on sale are three indicators to whether goods are counterfeit. However, it’s not always easy to tell the difference. Packaging is often hard to spot, as it’s made to look like the real thing as much as possible. Often, it even carries the trademarks of genuine manufacturers. Many fakes are of inferior quality, and the impression given is that they are “end of line” or stolen rather than fake. With some luxury goods, such as watches, fakes are offered for sale at or near the normal price to reinforce the idea that they are genuine. Internet auction sites are an attractive outlet for fake digital media – DVDs, software and music.
Counterfeiting is thought of as a victimless crime. However, consumers are at risk from poor quality or unsafe goods, such as fake pharmaceuticals or sun care products. Businesses also suffer economic harm through loss of sales which can lead to jobs losses, and the reputation of their brands suffers too. Higher prices, extra costs to law enforcement and loss of tax revenue affect all of us.
Используйте глагол в соответствующей форме действительного залога «Sometimespackaging … (to carry) the trademarks of genuine manufacturers».
B + carries
ВВОД [9.1.7]
Intellectual property crime is committed when someone manufactures, sells or distributes counterfeit or pirated goods for commercial gain.
The types of pirated goods are many and varied, but generally they fall into the following categories: optical Digital media, such as software and games; luxury clothing, footwear and accessories; automotive parts, electrical items and other manufactured goods.
Counterfeiting and distributing these goods requires different levels of expertise or techniques and attracts criminals of all types. For organized criminals, it is attractive because it offers a high financial return from, typically, a low investment. Also the risk of detection is comparatively low.
Globally, counterfeiting and piracy occur on a vast scale. More open borders and increased international trade make it easier for fake goods to flow across continents. Advances in technology have also made it easier to mass produce fake items. The best of them are of such high quality that they’re hard to tell from the real thing.
How to tell if something is fake? Price, packaging and where it’s on sale are three indicators to whether goods are counterfeit. However, it’s not always easy to tell the difference. Packaging is often hard to spot, as it’s made to look like the real thing as much as possible. Often, it even carries the trademarks of genuine manufacturers. Many fakes are of inferior quality, and the impression given is that they are “end of line” or stolen rather than fake. With some luxury goods, such as watches, fakes are offered for sale at or near the normal price to reinforce the idea that they are genuine. Internet auction sites are an attractive outlet for fake digital media – DVDs, software and music.
Counterfeiting is thought of as a victimless crime. However, consumers are at risk from poor quality or unsafe goods, such as fake pharmaceuticals or sun care products. Businesses also suffer economic harm through loss of sales which can lead to jobs losses, and the reputation of their brands suffers too. Higher prices, extra costs to law enforcement and loss of tax revenue affect all of us.
Слово goodsв данном тексте может быть переведено как … (мн.ч., им.п.)
+товары
Раздел 3
Блок А
ВЫБОР [10.1.1]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
Thepurposeofacontractistoestablishthe… thatthepartieshavemadeandtofixtheirrightsandduties
B - signature
B + agreement
B - responsibility
B - charge
ВЫБОР [10.1.2]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
Payments at rate of 60 % of the value of the delivered equipment are to be effected in US dollars within 30 days.
B - subject of the contract
B + terms of payment
B - total value of the contract
B - terms of delivery
ВЫБОР [10.1.3]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
The equipment to be shipped in export packing corresponding to the nature of each particular equipment.
B + packing
B - subject of the contract
B - invoice
B - terms of payment
ВЫБОР [10.1.4]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
…,reformation,Rescission,restitution,andSpecific Performancearethebasicremediesavailableforbreachofcontract.
B - obligations
B + damages
B - formalities
B - transferring
ВЫБОР [10.1.5]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
… requires the contractor to successfully perform the contract and deliver conforming supplies or services for a price agreed to up front
B - Cost and Freight
B - Delivered at Frontier
B + Firm Fixed Price Contracts
B - Free Alongside Ship
ВЫБОР [10.1.6]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
The parties to the agreement must intend to enter into a…agreement.
B + legally binding
B - common-for-all
B - business-to-business
B - money-making
ВЫБОР [10.1.7]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
… is the price paid for the promise of the other party. The price must be something of value, although it need not be money.
B - check
B +consideration
B - agreement
B - terms of payment
ВЫБОР [10.1.8]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
During agreement an innocent … will be made where the false statement is made with no intention to deceive
B - forgery
B + misrepresentation
B - negligence
B - verdict
ВЫБОР [10.1.9]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
A …. clause is a contract provision that allows a party to suspend or terminate the performance of its obligations when certain circumstances beyond their control arise
B + Force Majeure
B - Justice of Peace
B - Terms of Delivery
B - Constitutional amendment
ВЫБОР [10.1.9]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
In general, there is no … that a contract should be in writing.
B - delivery
B - force majeure
B + requirement
B - complaint
ВЫБОР [10.1.10]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
Tentativetermsdiscussedinpreliminary… aresubsumedbytheprovisionsofthecontractexecutedbytheparties.
B + negotiations
B - bargains
B - payments
B - taxation
ВЫБОР [10.1.11]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
…terminatesthecontract,andthepartiesarerestoredtothepositionofneverhavingenteredintothecontractinthefirstplace.
B - negotiation
B - agreement
B + rescission
B - offer
ВЫБОР [10.1.12]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
An introductory statement regarding the background of the transaction or the existence of certain facts is called …
B - preliminary
B + recitals
B - offer
B - subject of the contract
ВЫБОР [10.1.13]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
The …. of an authorized person from the business entity indicates consent to the terms and conditions of the agreement.
B + signature
B - word
B - package
B - confidentiality
ВЫБОР [10.1.14]
Выберите соответствующий вариант.
The dresses, T-shirts and skirts from summer catalogue should be exported in packing corresponding to the European Standards.
B + packing
B - assignment
B - redemption
B - terms of payment
ВЫБОР [10.1.15]
Выберитесоответствующийвариант.
"Ex Works" means that the seller fulfils his obligation to … when he has made the goods available at his premises.
B + deliver
B - buy
B - negotiate
B - carryout
Блок В
ВЫБОР [10.1.1]
Заголовкомданноготекстаявляется …
Incommon law legal systems, acontractis an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or moreparties, each of whom intends to create one or more legalobligationsbetween them. The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchange "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation." The parties may be natural persons orjuristic persons. A contract is a legally enforceable promise or undertaking that something will or will not occur.
Contract law varies greatly from one jurisdiction to another, including differences incommon lawcompared tocivil law, the impact of received, particularly from England in common law countries, and of law codified in regional legislation. Regarding Australian Contract Law for example, there are 40 relevant acts which impact on the interpretation of contract at the Commonwealth (Federal / national) level, and an additional 26 acts at the level of the state. In addition there are 6 international instruments or conventions which are applicable for international dealings, such as theUnited Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Contracts are widely used incommercial law, and form the legal foundation for transactions across the world. Common examples includeconstruction contracts,product purchases (with associatedwarrantiesof quality),software licenses,employment contracts,insurance policies, real estatedeedsto transfer title,professional services,wholesale merchandise supply, and various other uses.
Online contracts have become common. E-signature laws have made the electronic contract and signature as legally valid as a paper contract. It has been estimated that roughly 110 electronic contracts are signed every second.
B + Contracts and contract law
B - United Nations Convention on Contracts
B - Australian Contract Law
B - The elements of a contract
ВЫБОР [10.1.2]
In common law legal systems, a contract is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchange "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation." The parties may be natural persons or juristic persons. A contract is a legally enforceable promise or undertaking that something will or will not occur.
Contract law varies greatly from one jurisdiction to another, including differences in common law compared to civil law, the impact of received, particularly from England in common law countries, and of law codified in regional legislation. Regarding Australian Contract Law for example, there are 40 relevant acts which impact on the interpretation of contract at the Commonwealth (Federal / national) level, and an additional 26 acts at the level of the state. In addition there are 6 international instruments or conventions which are applicable for international dealings, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Contracts are widely used in commercial law, and form the legal foundation for transactions across the world. Common examples include construction contracts, product purchases (with associated warranties of quality), software licenses, employment contracts, insurance policies, real estatedeeds to transfer title, professional services, wholesale merchandise supply, and various other uses.
Online contracts have become common. E-signature laws have made the electronic contract and signature as legally valid as a paper contract. It has been estimated that roughly 110 electronic contracts are signed every second.
Содержанию данного текста соответствует предложение …
B - The parties of the contract may be only natural persons.
B - A contract is a kind of voluntarily agreement made by group of people.
B + Laws have made the electronic contract and signature as legally valid as a contract written on the paper.
B - Contracts are widely used in criminal law, customs law and commercial law.
ВВОД [10.1.3]
In common law legal systems, a contract is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchange "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation." The parties may be natural persons or juristic persons. A contract is a legally enforceable promise or undertaking that something will or will not occur.
Contract law varies greatly from one jurisdiction to another, including differences in common law compared to civil law, the impact of received, particularly from England in common law countries, and of law codified in regional legislation. Regarding Australian Contract Law for example, there are 40 relevant acts which impact on the interpretation of contract at the Commonwealth (Federal / national) level, and an additional 26 acts at the level of the state. In addition there are 6 international instruments or conventions which are applicable for international dealings, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Contracts are widely used in commercial law, and form the legal foundation for transactions across the world. Common examples include construction contracts, product purchases (with associated warranties of quality), software licenses, employment contracts, insurance policies, real estatedeeds to transfer title, professional services, wholesale merchandise supply, and various other uses.
Online contracts have become common. E-signature laws have made the electronic contract and signature as legally valid as a paper contract. It has been estimated that roughly 110 electronic contracts are signed every second.
Заполнитепропусквпредложениисогласнотексту«Contract law differ from one jurisdiction to another, because of differences in common law in comparison to … law» (прилаг.,м.р.).
B + civil
ВВОД [10.1.4]
In common law legal systems, a contract is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchange "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation." The parties may be natural persons or juristic persons. A contract is a legally enforceable promise or undertaking that something will or will not occur.
Contract law varies greatly from one jurisdiction to another, including differences in common law compared to civil law, the impact of received, particularly from England in common law countries, and of law codified in regional legislation. Regarding Australian Contract Law for example, there are 40 relevant acts which impact on the interpretation of contract at the Commonwealth (Federal / national) level, and an additional 26 acts at the level of the state. In addition there are 6 international instruments or conventions which are applicable for international dealings, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Contracts are widely used in commercial law, and form the legal foundation for transactions across the world. Common examples include construction contracts, product purchases (with associated warranties of quality), software licenses, employment contracts, insurance policies, real estatedeeds to transfer title, professional services, wholesale merchandise supply, and various other uses.
Online contracts have become common. E-signature laws have made the electronic contract and signature as legally valid as a paper contract. It has been estimated that roughly 110 electronic contracts are signed every second.
Ответомнавопрос «How many relevant acts which impact on the interpretation of contract at the Commonwealth level?»согласноданномутекстуявляется … (числительноезаписатьбуквами).
B + forty
ВВОД [10.1.5]
In common law legal systems, a contract is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchange "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation." The parties may be natural persons or juristic persons. A contract is a legally enforceable promise or undertaking that something will or will not occur.
Contract law varies greatly from one jurisdiction to another, including differences in common law compared to civil law, the impact of received, particularly from England in common law countries, and of law codified in regional legislation. Regarding Australian Contract Law for example, there are 40 relevant acts which impact on the interpretation of contract at the Commonwealth (Federal / national) level, and an additional 26 acts at the level of the state. In addition there are 6 international instruments or conventions which are applicable for international dealings, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Contracts are widely used in commercial law, and form the legal foundation for transactions across the world. Common examples include construction contracts, product purchases (with associated warranties of quality), software licenses, employment contracts, insurance policies, real estatedeeds to transfer title, professional services, wholesale merchandise supply, and various other uses.
Online contracts have become common. E-signature laws have made the electronic contract and signature as legally valid as a paper contract. It has been estimated that roughly 110 electronic contracts are signed every second.
Закончитепредложениесогласнотексту «Moreover there are six international conventions applicable for international … ».
B + dealings
ВВОД [10.1.6]
In common law legal systems, a contract is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchange "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation." The parties may be natural persons or juristic persons. A contract is a legally enforceable promise or undertaking that something will or will not occur.
Contract law varies greatly from one jurisdiction to another, including differences in common law compared to civil law, the impact of received, particularly from England in common law countries, and of law codified in regional legislation. Regarding Australian Contract Law for example, there are 40 relevant acts which impact on the interpretation of contract at the Commonwealth (Federal / national) level, and an additional 26 acts at the level of the state. In addition there are 6 international instruments or conventions which are applicable for international dealings, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Contracts are widely used in commercial law, and form the legal foundation for transactions across the world. Common examples i