Translate the words given in bold type into Russian.
Match English and Russian equivalents.
| 1. ferrous metals 2. cast iron 3. carbon content 4. alloy steel 5. carbon steel 6. strength 7. hardness 8. ductility 9. machinability 10. resistance to wear 11. conductivity 12. iron 13. silicon 14. alloy 15. rust-resistant | a. проводимость b. углеродистая сталь c. износостойкость d. прочность e. обрабатываемость (на станке) f. жесткость g. железо h. сплав i. черные металлы j. чугун к. содержание углерода 1. ковкость т. легированная сталь п.кремний о. нержавеющий |
3. Translate these international words without dictionary:
metal, element, industry, steel, material, industrial, electronic, magnetic, type, chemical, mechanical, rocket, automobile.
Match questions and corresponding answers.
Questions
1. What elements do ferrous metals consist of?
2. What is carbon steel?
3. What are alloy steels?
4. What are the most important properties of steel?
5. In what branches of industry are steels used?
Answers
a. Steels in which in addition to carbon an alloying element is present.
b. In machinebuilding, automobile industry, etc.
c.Of iron combined with carbon, silicon and other elements.
d. It contains only iron and carbon.
e. Strength, ductility and machinability.
Finish sentences, having chosen the corresponding word or word-combination.
| 1. Alloys consist of.... | a) steel and cast iron; b) iron and stainless steel; c) simple metal and some other element. |
| 2. Carbon steel contains ... 3. Alloy steels include .... | a) steel and cast iron; b) iron, carbon, an alloying element; c) only iron and carbon. |
| 4. The most important properties of steel are .... | a) electrical conductivity, resistance to wear, magnetic properties; b) strength, ductility, machinability. |
Unit 8.3
Metals and Nonmetals
1. There are some distinctions between metals and nonmetals. Metals are distinguished from nonmetals by their high conductivityfor heat and electricity, by metalliclustre and by their resistance to electric current. Their use in industry is explained not only by those properties, but also by the fact that their properties, such as strength and hardness, can be greatly improved by alloying them with other metals.
2. There are several important groups of metals and alloys. The common metals such as iron, copper, zinc, etc. are produced in great quantities.
3. The so-called precious metals include silver, gold, platinum and palladium. The light metals are aluminium, berillium and titanium. They are important in aircraft and rocket construction.
4. Many elements are classified as semimetals(bismuth, for example) because they have much poorer conductivity than common metals.
5. Nonmetals (carbon, silicon, sulphur) in the solid state are usually brittle materials without metallic lustre and are usually poor conductors of electricity. Nonmetals show greater variety of chemical properties than common metals do.
6. Metals can undergo corrosion, changing in this case their chemical and electromechanical properties. In order to protect metals from corrosion the products made of metals and steel are coated by some films (coatings). Organic coatings protect metals and steel from corrosion by forming a corrosion-resistant barrier between metal or steel and the corrosive environment.
Exercises
Translate the words given in bold type into Russian.
Match English and Russian equivalents.