А) Прочитайте и переведите следующие определения и примеры. Заполните пропуски словами из рамки
law(2), bill, statute, legislation, act, by-law, rule
1. the whole system of rules that citizens of a country or any other place must obey. It’s against the ___________ for children to work before they are fifteen.
2. a law that has been officially accepted by Parliament or Congress. In legal usage this word is often capitalized and often used in the titles of law. The Copyright ________ of 1976 is a United States copyright law that states the primary basis of copyright law in the United States and the basic rights of copyright holders.
3. a written proposal for a new law, which is brought to Parliament so that it can be discussed. In her speech the Queen usually outlines the new
________s which the government will put before Parliament in the coming session.
4. an official instruction that says how things must be done or what is allowed, especially in a game, an organization, or a job. If you stick to the
________s the accident won’t happen.
5. a law passed by Parliament and formally written down. The term codified law refers to _____________s that have been organized (“codified”) by subject matter; such organized laws are often called “codes”.
6. a law made by local government or an organization. Corporate and organizational __________s are generally concerned with the work of the organization, setting out the form, manner or procedure in which the company or organization should be run.
7. a law which has been enacted by a legislature or another governing body, or the process of making it. _____________ is regarded as one of the three main functions of government, which are often distinguished under the doctrine of separation of powers.
8. the principles and regulations established in a community by some authority and applicable to its people, usually in the form of legislation. Under the new _________ children must be at home after 10 p.m.
Б) Составьте свои собственные предложения со словами из упражне-ния 11а).
Повторение грамматики. Использование артиклей с исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными
(The Use of Articles with Countable and Uncountable Nouns)
12. Вспомните все возможные варианты перевода английского слова law на русский язык. Изучите объяснения и примеры, приведенные ниже.Переведите примеры на русский язык. В каких примерах слово law ис-пользуется как исчисляемое существительное, а в каких как неисчисля-емое? Сформулируйте на русском языке правило употребления артиклей
с исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными.
a law/the law— a rule that people in a particular country or city must
obey. There ought to be a law against smoking in public places.
law/the law(no plural form)– the whole system of rules that citizensof a country must obey. Discrimination in any form must be against
the law.
law(no plural form) — a particular type of law, usually used in thenames of branches of law, e.g. criminal law, land law etc. I’m going to choose business law as my major.
1. All citizens of one country must be equal before the law.
2. Those people who break the law must be punished.
3. We should pass a new law to solve this problem.
4. According to law every citizen has to pay taxes.
5. Some bills proposed by the government will never become laws.
6. In some countries there is a law which allows citizens to carry guns.
7. Criminal law deals with types of crimes and punishment for them.
8. The law on compulsory seat belts has been approved.
9. Respect for law is the foundation of every civilized society.
10. The soldiers will be charged under military law.
13. Прочитайте и переведите слова. Какие из них являются исчисля-емыми, а какие — неисчисляемыми? Составьте собственные предложе-ния, используя данные слова.
| branch | work | lawsuit | legislation | statute |
| news | litigation | labour | witness | advice |
| case | rule | claim | job | subject |
| state | money | punishment | system | principle |
| information | employment | paper | testimony | evidence |