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Мамандығы:5В011900 – Шетел тілі: екі шетел тілі

Дәріс кешенінің құрылымы

Дәріс тақырыбы: 1. General notes on style and stylistics

Дәріс жоспары:

1. The Notion of Style

2. Style

3. Style is addition to language

4. The notion of Stylistics

The Notion of Style

The word has derived from the Latin word “stilus” which meant a sharpened stick used by Romans for writing on wax tablets. In the course of time it came to stand for the product of it.

The concept is so broad that it is hardly possible to regard it as a term. We speak of style in architecture, literature, behaviour, linguistics, dress and other fields of human activity.

1. Style is the correspondence between thought and expression. The notion is based on the assumption that language is said to have two functions: it serves as a means of communication and also as a means of shaping one's thoughts. The first function is called communicative, the second - expressive, the latter finds its proper materialization in strings of sentences especially arranged to convey the ideas and also to get the desired response.

2. Style is addition to language. This concept is popular and is upheld in some of the scientific papers on literary criticism. Language and style are regarded as separate bodies, but language can easily dispense with style. Moreover, style as an embellishment of language is viewed as something that hinders understanding. In its extreme, style may dress the thought in such fancy attire that one can hardly get at the idea hidden behind the elaborate design of tricky stylistic devices.

3. Style is technique of expression. In this sense style is generally defined as the ability to write clearly, correctly and in a manner calculated to the interest of the reader. Style in this utilitarian sense should be taught, but it belongs to the realm of grammar, and not to stylistics. It sets up a number of rules as to how to speak and write and discards all kinds of deviations as being violations of the norm. The norm itself becomes rigid, self-sustained and to a very great extent inflexible.

4. Style signifies a literary genre. Thus we speak of classical style or the style of classicism; realistic style; the style of romanticism and so on. On the other hand, the term is widely used in literature, being applied to the various kinds of literary work, the fable, novel, ballad, story etc. The word is also used to denote the way the plot is dealt with, the arrangements of the parts in a literary composition to form the whole, the author’s place and the role in describing and depicting events.

5. Individual style/idiostyle/idiolect can also stand for a unique combination of language units, expressive means and stylistic devices peculiar to a given writer, which makes his/her works/utterances easily recognizable. Hence, individual style may be linked to a proper name. The main feature of individual style is idiosyncratic and deliberate choice of language, and the ways the selected elements are treated. “The wording is different because the inner world is different” (N. Kozlov “Fairy tales with philosophical tinge”).

2. The notion of Stylistics

The academic discipline of stylistics is a twentieth-century invention. Stylistic approach to linguistic facts differs radically from traditional description of language phenomena on the lexical, grammatical and phonetic levels.

There are many definitions of Stylistics as a science. Let’s regard some of them.

Stylistics is a branch of general linguistics which has to do with expressive possibilities of the language – its vocabulary, the structure and the sound arrangement of the sentence or the paragraph. It is a science dealing with rather a complicated phenomenon - the formation of the transferred or figurative meanings.