Контрольно-тренировочные упражнения
Упражнение 1. Употребите сказуемое в следующих предложениях в Present Perfect Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
Образец: Не has worked at the plant for many years.
He has been working at the plant for many years. - Он работает на этом заводе в течение многих лет.
1) They have talked for more than an hour.
2) She has taught English for ten years.
3) He has done very little work recently.
4) They have argued about that for more than two hours.
5) They have lived in Moscow since 1953.
6) We have used this textbook since January.
7) They have travelled all over Europe.
Упражнение 2. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: She has been feeling well recently. Has she been feeling well recently? She has not been feeling well recently.
1) She has been teaching there many years.
2) They have been waiting here a long time.
3) She has been taking music lessons many years.
4) They have been discussing the matter all day long.
5) You have been studying English a long time.
6) It has been raining like this for an hour.
7) He has been working for that firm for ten years.
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на времена группы Perfect Continuous:
1) Не has been doing that same kind of work for many years.
2) Have you been looking through these magazines long?
3) For how long have you already been doing your morning exercises?
4) He had been speaking for an hour and a half when he decided to have an interval.
5) They had been waiting long before the train arrived.
6) We felt very tired because we had been working for many hours.
7) They will have been working at this problem not less than two years if they complete it this year.
8) He has been attending that school for four years.
Упражнение 4. Скажите, какие именные придаточные предложения (дополнительные или определительные) входят в состав сложноподчиненных предложений.
1. Some people think they are right in what they are doing. 2. I didn’t know why he hadn’t come in time on Saturday. 3. I told it to my friend whom I had known for a long time. 4. He told me where and when I could see him. 5. This is the book about which we were talking the other day. 6. Tell me when you are going to leave. 7. Go and see if there are any letters in the letter box.
Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки.
1. We (plant) the trees when the weather (get) warmer. 2. If we (use) the new method we should (have) better results. 3. I'm afraid the train (start) before we (come) to the station. 4. We (go) to the concert tomorrow if I (get) the tickets. 5. You (not pass) the examination if you not (work) much harder. 6. If you (not drive) more carefully you (have) an accident. 7. You (be) late if you (not take) a taxi. 8. If the situation (permit) we should (use) the new method long ago. 9. You have to (call) me as soon as you (arrive). 10. We (have) a picnic tomorrow if it (be) a fine day. 11. We (go) out when it (stop) raining. 12. We (not to have) dinner until you (come). 13. I'm sure they (write) to us when they (know) our new address.
Упражнение 6. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. If I had known that you needed help I would have helped you.
2. Had he got this medicine, he wouldn't have fallen ill.
3. What would have happened if he had missed the train?
4. If I knew your address I could write to you.
5. If you get the task after the lecture, you can do it by tomorrow.
6. If I got the task after the lecture I were able to do it better.
7. It would have been better if you had learned to drive a car.
8. If I had known his address, I should have come to him.
9. If an Englishman were our teacher, we would know English better.
10. If he had known the time-table he wouldn't have missed the train.
Упражнение 7. Выразите сожаление по образцу:
1. You are leaving for the airport. You can't find your passport.
You say : "I wish I could find my passport."
2. You live in the suburbs. You prefer the city centre. You say
3. You argued with your mother yesterday. Today she is upset. You say:
4. You didn't clean your bedroom and your mother is angry. You say:
5. You want to go on holiday but you can't afford it. You say:
Упражнение 8. Напишите предложения по образцу:
1. You want to visit your friend but you've got too much work to do.
I wish I didn't have so much work, to do. If I didn't have so much work to do, I could visit my friend.
2. You went to bed late and didn't wake up in time for work.
3. You want to go to the safari park with Michael, but you're afraid of lions.
4.You would like to write a letter to Fred but you don't have his address.
5.You went skiing and broke your leg.
6.You didn't go to the concert because you didn't know about it.
7.You have to stay in bed because you've got the flu.
8.You are lost in London because you don't have a map.
Упражнение 9. Раскройте глаголы в скобках в нужном времени.
When Paul 1). got... (get) to work yesterday his boss 2) (wait) for him. "I wish you 3)... (try) to get here on time," his boss said. "If you 4) (be) late again, I 5)...(dismiss) you." "But I 6) ... (be) on time!" Paul exclaimed. "If I 7) (leave) the house late, 18) (phone), but in fact I 9) (leave) on time." His boss 10) (look) at his watch and then at the clock on the wall. "Oh dear," he said, "I 11) ...(forget) to put my watch back to winter time. I do wish someone 12) (remind) me!"
Упражнение 10. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, используя данное начало.
1. You'd better see a doctor. - If.. I were you, I'd see a doctor.
2. He won't help you if you don't ask him. Unless
3. Take your medicine, otherwise you won't get better. If
4. You won't make any spelling mistakes provided you use a dictionary. If
5. If you park here, you'll be fined £20. Don't
6. You'd better confess your crime. If
7. She went home early because she was exhausted. If
8. You won't understand the story unless you finish the book. If
9. She can't go out if she doesn't promise to be back early. Unless
10. The bee won't sting you as long as you stay still. Provided
Упражнение 11. Переведите на русский язык.
1. I wish you were not late as usual.
2. I wish the letter hadn't been so long.
3. I wish you wouldn't be slow.
4. I wish I could go to my work by car.
5. I wish it would stop raining.
Упражнение 12. Закончите предложения, используя косвенную речь.
Образец. Peter: "Don't clean the black shoes."Peter told menot to clean the black shoes.
1. Karen: "Don't play football in the garden." Karen told me------.
2. Teacher: "Don't forget your homework." The teacher told me-------.
3. Maik: "Don't shout at Peter." Maik told me------.
4. Yvonne: "Don't talk to your neighbor." Yvonne told me-------.
5. Denise: "Don't open this door." Denise told me--------.
6. Marcel: "Don't sing that song." Marcel told me--------.7. Jana: "Don't go to the cinema." Jana told me---------.
8. Dominique: "Don't ring Romy on Sunday." Dominique told me--------.
Упражнение 13. Закончите предложения, используя косвенную речь.
Образец. Peter: "I clean the black shoes."Peter told me that he cleaned the black shoes.
1. John: "Mandy is at home." John said that-------------.
2. Max: "I often read a book."Max told me that-------------.
3. Susan: "I'm watching TV." Susan said that-------------.
4. Simon: "David was ill." Simon said that---------------.
5. Stephen and Claire: "We have cleaned the windows." Stephen and Claire told me that---.
6. Charles: "I didn't have time to do my homework."Charles remarked that---
7. Mr. Jones: "My mother will be 50 years old." Mr. Jones told me that---
8. Jean: "The boss must sign the letter. Jean said that--------------------
Упражнение 14. Закончите предложения, используя косвенную речь.
Образец.Peter: "I cleaned the black shoes yesterday."Peter told me that he had cleaned the black shoes the day before.
1. Emily: "My teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow. Emily said that-------.
2. Helen: "I was writing a letter yesterday." Helen told me that-------------.
3. Robert: "My father flew to Dallas last year." Robert said that-------------.
4. Michael: "I'm going to read a book this week." Michael told me that---. 5. Jason: "I'll do my best in the exams tomorrow." Jason told me that------.
6. Andrew: "We didn't eat fish two days ago." Andrew said to me that-----.
7. Alice: "I spent all my pocket money last Monday." Alice complained that---------.
8. David: "John had already gone at six. David said that---------------.
Упражнение 15. Трансформируйте предложения.
Образец:
Where are you studying?
Susan asked where I was studying?
Did you go to the airport last week?
The porter wanted to know if I had gone to the airport the week before.
1. Have you ever been to Tokyo?
2. How is your nephew now?
3. Haven't you finished reading the novel yet?
4. Has Bob got good marks at school?
5. Why don't you believe me?
6. Why didn't you get up earlier?
7. Can you tell me what the time is?
8. He didn't say anything about it.
9. Did it give you much trouble?
10. Who came to see me?
11. Do you have your meals at home?
12. Will this boat be safe enough?
13. Was she able to do it?
14. Why is she so angry?
15. How long will you be away?
Упражнение 16. Трансформируйте предложения.
Образец: Susan said, "Don't be silly, John!" Susan told John not to be silly. The doorman said, "Don't open the door before six o'clock!" The doorman told Charles not to open the door before six o'clock.
1. He said, "Don't switch on the light!"
2. She said, "Don't forget to set the alarm clock!"
3. Ann said, "Don't put your feet on the table!"
4. The director said, "Don't be late tomorrow!"
5. Ben said, "Don't lose your temper!"
6. Brian said to her, "Don't look round!"
7. He said, "Don't be afraid of her!"
8. Billy said, "Don't use these poor paint-brushes, Lionel!"
9. Grandfather said, "Don't spend all your money on drink and cinema-going, Gerry!"
10. Tom said, "Don't throw the paper away! I haven't read it yet."
11. The chairman said, "Don't miss our meeting next week!"
12. Mary said, "Don't get up until you are called!"
13. She said to him, "Don't fall off the ladder!"
14. Mother said, "Don't spill anything on this new tablecloth!"
15. Peter said, "Don't go by that train!"
Упражнение 17. Переведите следующие пары предложений и определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова:
1. A deaf child studies literature with his parents.
2. Serious reasons changed his results in these studies.
3. Water can freeze and become solid. Iron is a solid.
4. These works of art belong to the fam6us painter.
5. She works at school.
6. Heat brings about many changes in materials.
7. Any material changes when it is heated.
8. They wanted to find the most gifted children.
a. He was gifted by nature with great talent to write poetry.
Упражнение 18. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на эмфатический оборот It is (was) ... that:
Образец: It was at our institute that this problem was discussed.‑ Именно в нашем институте обсуждалась эта проблема.
1) It was in Greece that ancient civilization was highly developed. 2) It is this fact that explains everything. 3) It is with the same teacher that members of the class are to do all their work. 4) It was I who told her the news. 5) It was my friend who helped me in my work. 6) It was on the seventh of November, 1917, that the working people took power into their own hands. 7) It was at our conference that these questions were discussed. 8) It was on Sunday when they met the delegation.
Упражнение 19. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на место наречий в предложении:
1. We usually go for a walk in the park on Sunday.
2. He has always prepared his lessons.
3. He is planning to visit us at our home tonight.
4. Nobody ever has a bad word to say about Nick.
5. He promised to give me an answer in the morning.
6. My friend often goes to Leningrad on business trips.
7) She is always late for the lessons.
8) He is often too busy to eat lunch.
9) I never go for a walk on Sunday.
Упражнение 20. Переведите предложения на русский язык, употребляя наречия, данные в скобках:
1) Не prepares his lessons, (carefully) 2) She plays piano, (well) 3) I have spoken to him about that, (often) 4) Does he fail to prepare his homework? (sometimes) 5) He is going to leave for Leningrad, (tomorrow) 6) She stayed with me. (seldom) 7) I saw Mr. Smith in the cafeteria, (yesterday) 8) Have you visited that city? (ever) 9) Have you finished writing your exercises? (already)
Упражнение 21. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на конструкции типа the more .. . the less:
1) The more we know about nature, the more control we get over it. 2) The better you learn the words, the sooner you will master English. 3) The higher we climb a mountain, the colder is the air around us. 4) The more you read, the more you learn. 5) The better we know the grammar rules, the fewer mistakes we make. 6) The better we know this girl, the more we like her. 7) The more we study English, the better we understand it. 8) The longer the night, the shorter the day.
Упражнение 22. Заполните пропуски сочетаниями as ... as, so ... as. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) John is ... (tall) ... his brother. 2) Her pronunciation is not ... (good) ... yours. 3) She can do the work ... (easy) ... I. 4) He doesn't speak English ... (well) ... his sister. 5) Our apartment is ... (large) ... yours. 6) He didn't arrive ... (early) ... we expected. 7) She sings ... (beautifully) ... she plays.
Упражнение 23. Используя известные вам суффиксы и префиксы, образуйте существительные от следующих слов и переведите их на русский язык.
1) to sail, to connect, to educate, to build, to create;
2) friend, leader, fellow;
3) dark, weak, cold, bright, free.
Упражнение 24. Образуйте прилагательные от следующих слов, используя суффиксы и префиксы, и переведите их на русский язык.
Hope, truth, beauty, rain, peace, help, colour, power, joy, care, use.
Упражнение 25. Найдите определения следующих префиксов.
1) inter- 2) post- 3) bi- 4) pre- 5) multi- 6) ex-:
a) more than one; many;
b) later than; after;
c) before; in preparation;
d) former and still living;
e) between; among a group;
f) two; twice; double.
Контрольная работа № 3
1. Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте по-английски на вопросы, следующие за текстом.
2. Выпишите из текста 10 неправильных глаголов и образуйте причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени; переведите их на русский язык.
3. Выпишите из текста слова с окончанием -ing. Определите, какой частью речи (причастием, герундием, отглагольным существительным) они являются в каждом случае и какова их синтаксическая функция в предложении.
4. Поставьте глагол-сказуемое одного предложения из текста во все временные формы группы Perfect Continuous, произведя все необходимые смысловые изменения.
Образец:
1. Не has been translating the text since 5 o'clock.
2. He had been translating the text for two hours when we returned home.
3. When we return home at 5 o'clock, he will have been translating the text for two hours.
5. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения, сказуемые которых употреблены в страдательном залоге.
6. Выполните письменно упражнения 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 20, 21, 23, 24 из контрольно-тренировочных упражнений третьего семестра.
7. Переведите письменно текст контрольной работы № 3. При переводе пользуйтесь англо-русским словарем.
Текст № 1
PROOF AND PROGRESS
The early Greeks, living as they did on the coasts and islands of the Mediterranean Sea, had a taste for travel and sea-trade. It brought them wealth, as well as knowledge, from other lands. With slaves to do most of their day-to-day work, the wealthy free citizens of the Greek settlements had time on their hands to debate the affairs of the city. Having mastered the new alphabet writing, they were able to leave a record of some of their arguments for all times. When travellers brought back news of what they had learned in navigation outside the Mediterranean, each announcement was a challenge1 to debate. Men skilled in the fashionable pastime of argument gathered around them disciples2 eager to study their methods.
Such a man was Pythagoras. Before 500 В. С. he founded a brotherhood of young men to whom he imparted his mathematical knowledge only after they had sworn an oath3 never to pass it on to an outsider4. Despite this secrecy and despite the fact that he mixed magic and religion with such instruction, Pythagoras was thus a pioneer of the teaching of mathematics. A century later there were, in Athens, schools where philosophers such as Plato taught young men law, politics, public speaking and mathematics. In these new schools there were no oaths of secrecy. Teachers and pupils were free to put whatever they wished in writing for all to read.
Public study and debate led to a new way of thinking about mathematics. While the peoples of ancient world knew many useful rules for finding areas and measuring angles, they had never attempted to link those rules in a train of reasoning to prove that they are reliable. The argumentative Greeks insisted on putting every rule to the text of debate and answering every objection brought against it.
Notes
1. challenge - вызов
2. disciples - ученики
3. had sworn an oath - давали клятву
4. outsider – посторонний
Questions
1) What brought the early Greeks wealth?
2) Who gathered around them disciples?
3) What brotherhood did Pythagoras found?
4) Who was the pioneer of the teaching of mathematics?
5) What led to a new way of thinking about mathematics?
Текст № 2