Ex. 1. Underline the correct word in bold
1 I always/alreadydo the housework on Saturdays.
2 We haven't booked our summer holiday just/yet.
3 My brother has just/everjoined the football club.
4 Linda has already/everbought a new dress for the party.
5 Have you so far/evertasted Japanese food?
6 Joe has been in Paris since/fortwo weeks.
7 I have never/justseen this film before.
8 The secretary has typed twenty letters yet/so farthis morning.
9 I have been working here since/stillJuly.
10 The Taylors have moved house recently/so far.
11 They still/alreadyhaven't employed a new supervisor.
Present Perfect Continuous
Ex. 1. Put in the verbs. Use the Present Perfect Continuous.
Ilona: Sorry I'm late.
Emma: It's OK….I haven’t been waiting...(I / not / wait) long. What(1)..............................................................................................................(you/do)?
llona: I've been with Mrs King. (2)...................................................(she/help) me with my English.
Emma: Your English is very good. You don't need lessons, surely.
How long (3).........................................................(you / study) English?
Ilona: Er, eight years now. But my accent wasn't so good before I came to England.
(4).............................................................................................(I / try) to improve it.
I think (5)..........................................................................................................(it/get) better lately.
Emma: Your accent is fine, Ilona. Honestly.
Ex. 2. What could you say in these situations? Write sentences with the Present Perfect Continuous and a phrase with for. Use these verbs: play, read, swim, talk, travel, work
A video is on. It began two hours ago, and it hasn't finished yet.
…The video has been playing for two hours…
1 Matthew went into the water an hour ago. He doesn't want to come out yet.
2 Your friends started their journey around the world three months ago. They've gone about halfway now.
3 Mark got to the office early this morning. Ten hours later he's still there.
4 Melanie rang Rita forty minutes ago, and they're still on the phone.
5 Trevor has got an interesting book. He started it quite a long time ago. Ask him how long.
Практичне заняття № 2
ТЕМА: В ресторані (кафе).
Граматичний матеріал: Минулий перфектно-тривалий час (Past Perfect Continuous)
Читання та обговорення тексту за вказаною темою:
Table Manners
Good table manners avoid ugliness. All rules of table manners are made to avoid it. To let anyone see what you have in your mouth is offensive. So is to make a noise. To make a mess in the plate is disgusting. So there are some rules how to behave yourself at the table:
Do not attract undue attention to yourself in public.
When eating take as much as you want, but eat as much as you take.
Never stretch over the table for something you want, ask. your neighbour to pass it.
Take a slice of bread from the bread-plate by hand, don't harpoon your bread with a fork.
Never read while eating (at least in company).
When a dish is placed before you do not eye it suspiciously as though it were the first time you had seen it, and do not give the impression that you are about to sniff it.
Chicken requires special handling. First cut as much as you can, and when you can't use knife or fork any longer, use your fingers.
The customary way to refuse a dish is by saying, "No, thank you" (or to accept, "Yes, please"). Don't say "I don't eat that stuff, don't make faces or noises to show that you don't like it.
In between courses don't make bread-balls to while the time away and do not play with the silver.
Do not leave spoon in your cup when drinking tea or coffee.
Do not empty your glass too quickly - it will be promptly refilled.
Don't put liquid into your mouth if it is already full.
Don't eat off the knife.
Vegetables, potatoes, macaroni are placed on your fork with' the help of your knife.
If your food is too hot don't blow on it as though you were trying to start a campfire on a dampnight.
Try to make as little noise as possible when eating.
And, finally, don't forget to say "thank you" for every favour or kindness.
Vocabulary:
ugliness – потворність
avoid – уникати
offensive – образливо
disgusting – огидний
undue – несвоєчасний, непотрібний, недоречний
stretch – тягтися
slice – скибочка
bread-plate – хлібна тарілка
harpoon – наколювати
fork – вилка
suspiciously – підозріло
sniff – нюхнути
handling – обробка
knife – ніж
customary – звичайний
stuff – речовина, матеріал, річ
bread-balls – хлібні кульки
silver – столове срібло, столові прибори
spoon – ложка
promptly – негайно
liquid – рідина
campfire – похідне вогнище
damp night - волога ніч
favour – послуга, приємність
kindness - люб'язність
Dialog 1
Waiter: Hello, Can I help you?
Kim: Yes, I'd like to have some lunch.
Waiter: Would you like a starter?
Kim: Yes, I'd like a bowl of chicken soup, please.
Waiter: And what would you like for a main course?
Kim: I'd like a grilled cheese sandwich.
Waiter: Would you like anything to drink?
Kim: Yes, I'd like a glass of Coke, please.
Waiter... After Kim has her lunch: Can I bring you anything else?
Kim: No thank you. Just the bill.
Waiter: Certainly.
Kim: I don't have my glasses. How much is the lunch?
Waiter: That's $6.75.
Kim: Here you are. Thank you very much.
Waiter: You're welcome. Have a good day.
Kim: Thank you, the same to you.
Vocabulary:
starter – закуска
bowl – чаша, миска
main course – основна страва
bill – рахунок
Dialog 2
Rebecca: This looks like a nice restaurant.
Scott: Yeah, it is. I come here all the time.
Rebecca: Let's sit over there.
Scott: OK.
Rebecca: Can you pass me a menu please.
Scott: Sure. What are you going to have to drink?
Rebecca: I'm going to have a glass of beer. How about you
Scott: I think I'll have a glass of wine.
Rebecca: Do you want to order an appetizer first?
Scott: Not really, maybe we can just order some bread.
Rebecca: OK. What are you going to have to eat?
Scott: I'm not sure. I haven't decided yet. Can you recommend something?
Rebecca: Sure, I've had the steak and the lobster before. They're both very good.
Scott: I think I'll have the lobster. What are you going to have?
Rebecca: I'm not that hungry. I think I'm just going to have a salad.
Scott: I'm gonna go to the bathroom. When the waitress comes back, will you order for me? Rebecca: Sure. No problem.
Vocabulary:
appetizer – закуска
steak – біфштекс
lobster – м'ясо омара
Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням
Спеціальність:Соціальна педагогіка
Aggression
Aggression takes a variety of forms among human beings, and it can be physical, mental, or verbal. Aggression should not be confused with assertiveness.
There are two broad categories of aggression. These include hostile, affective, or retaliatory aggression and instrumental, predatory, or goal-oriented aggression. Empirical research indicates that there is a critical difference between the two, both psychologically and physiologically. Some research indicates that people with tendencies toward "affective" aggression, defined in this study as being "impulsive, unplanned, overt, or uncontrolled" have lower IQs than those with tendencies toward "predatory" aggression, defined here as being "goal-oriented, planned, hidden, or controlled".
Culture
Culture is a distinctly human factor that plays a role in aggression. Kung Bushmen were described as the "harmless people" by Elizabeth Marshall Thomas (1958). Other researchers, however, have countered this point of view, calculating that the homicide rate among Bushmen is actually higher than that of developed societies (Keeley, 1996). Lawrence Keeley argues that the "peaceful savage" is a myth that is unsupported by the bulk of anthropological and archeological evidence. Hunter–gatherer societies do not have possessions to fight over, but they may still come to conflict over status and mating opportunities.
Empirical cross-cultural research has found differences in the level of aggression between cultures. In one study, American men resorted to physical aggression more readily than Japanese or Spanish men, whereas Japanese men preferred direct verbal conflict more than their American and Spanish counterparts (Andreu et al. 1998). Within American culture, southerners were shown to become more aroused and to respond more aggressively than northerners when affronted (Bowdle et al. 1996). There is also a higher homicide rate among young white southern men than among white northern men in the United States (Nisbett 1993).
Ex. 1. Decide whether these characteristics belong to a Type A or a Type В person according to the information in the text:
| a) is moody | h) overworks |
| b) seldom relaxes | i) lives longer |
| c) stays calm | j) does not get tense |
| d) is not annoyed by a baby crying | k) worries a lot |
| e) gets frustrated in traffic | I) doesn't like waiting |
| f) enjoys life and work | m) is relaxed |
| g) is usually in a good mood | n) is often bad-tempered |
Граматичний матеріал: Минулий перфектно-тривалий час (Past Perfect Continuous)
had been + V-ing (Present Participle)
| Стверджувальна форма Affirmative | Питальна форма Interrogative | Заперечна форма Negative |
| I had (‘d) been doing | Had I been doing? | I had not/hadn’t been doing |
| you had (‘d) been doing | HAD YOU been doing? | you had not/hadn't been doing |
| he had (‘d) been doing | had he been doing? | he had not/hadn't been doing |
| she had (‘d) been doing | had she been doing? | she had not/hadn't been doing |
| it had (‘d) been doing | had it been doing? | it had not/hadn't been doing |
| we had ('d) been doing | had we been doing? | we had not/hadn't been doing |
| they had (‘d) been doing | had they been doing? | they had not/hadn't been doing |
Випадки вживання
| Дія, що розпочалася до визначеного моменту чи дія в минулому і все ще продовжувалася в цей момент | When I first met her she had been working as a shop-assistant for 15 years. She had been jogging for two months when I joined her. |
| Дія, яка розпочалася до визначеного моменту чи дія в минулому і завершилася в цей момент чи незадовго до нього | I had been waiting for two hours when he came. He felt tired because he had been playing football. |
Повторення: Present Perfect Continuous
Ex. 1. Look at these conversations and put in the correct form of the verb. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Simple.
Sarah: I feel really tired.
Mark: It's because …you’ve been doing.....(you / do) too much.
Sarah: Well, at least ….you’ve finished........(I / finish) that report now, and I can relax.
1. David: Someone................................................................(leave) the ladder outside, look.
Harriet: I expect that's Mike.................................................................(he / clean) the windows.
I don't think................................................................(he / finish) yet.
2. Laura: You've got mud on your shoes.
Trevor: It's all right, I'll take them off.................................................................(I / work) in the garden.
Laura: Yes, it looks a lot tidier. Well done................................................................(you / do) a good job.
3. Tom: ................................................................(I / hear) that you and Harriet are building a garage.
How long................................................................(you / do) that?
Mike: Oh, for about a month now. (we / do)................................................................about half of it.
повторення: Past perfect