B) Persuade your partner to start practising sport immediately

C) Speak on: 1. the role of sport in modern life; 2. sport as part of school and college life.

XVII. Role-playing.

Work in groups of four or fire. You are people of different age and social standing. Express your attitude to sport and sportsmen in general.

XVIII. Describe these pictures in suds a way as if you have seen the event with your own eyes. Use some details, try to sound as convincing as possible. Use some words and phrases given below:

the stadium with a seating capacity of ...; a pole-jumper; in good form; a referee; a starter; a cross-bar;

wave a start; rushing towards; like lightning;

race past; carrying the pole; puzzled;

plant the pole; up in the air; with a smile on his face; awestricken;

pretty-looking; embarrassed; with her eyes downcast; with his hands pressed; land onto; break the record; the record of his life; candidate master of sports of Russia.

STUDIES OF WRITTEN ENGLISH

VI

The plot is a very important aspect of written works. But there is something even more important, that is, the main idea or the message.

Messageis the main idea that a writer wants to commu­nicate in his work through the characters and their behaviour, the physical and emotional background or sometimes through his own generalizing statements. To make it clear and understandable you have to learn how to write the gist.

Gistis commonly understood as the essence or main point (of an article, paragraph or argument), also as the essential part of a story, novel, or play that helps to understand the main idea.

Summary deals with the plot of complete written works, such as a story, novel or play. Gist deals with the main idea of any thoughtful writing, no matter whether it is a paragraph or a novel. It is expected to be very short and clear.

In order to write the gist of a story ("A Day's Wait", for example) you have to do the following:

1. Read the story carefully, paying attention to the charac­ters, general atmosphere and the author's remarks or state­ments (е.g. a bright cold day, a pale-faced and shivering boy, the growing strain), the atmosphere of suspense.

2. Jot down the main points and see how they are linked (е.g. the boy is ill but he won't go to bed; he is still worried and keeps staring at the foot of the bed; he can hardly believe that he has no reason to worry about his health).

3. Point out the author's remarks (the boy was looking at the foot of the bed strangely; that's a silly way to talk; he had been waiting to die all day; relaxation was very slow).

4. Go over these points, reconsider them carefully and formulate the main idea, е.g. It is a story telling us how fear and self-pity through ignorance or misleading information may cause worry and suffering or how remarkably patient the child's endurance may be.

Assignments:

1. Give your own version of the gist of "A Day's Wait" and "How We Kept Mother's Day".

2. Write the gist of "A Friend in Need". When writing analyse the title of the story.

Write the gist of two letters written by Judy and compare them. What is their message?

LABORATORY EXERCISES (П)

1. Listen to the dialogue "Sports and Games Popular in England". Mark the stresses and tunes. Repeat the text following the model.

2. Listen to the text "The Football Match", mark the stresses and tunes. Repeat it following the model.

Write a spelling-translation test Check it with a dictionary.

Task I: Translate the English sentences into Russian (in writing) and check them with the key.

Task П: Translate your sentences hack into English (orally) and check them with the key.

5. Listen to the text "Sport in Great Britain".

Task I: Write down the Russian equivalents given in the exercise. Task II: Listen to the text again and write down the English equiva­lents of the Russian phrases.

Task Ш: Write 10 questions on the text Be ready to discuss it in class.

CURIOSITY QUIZ FOR EAGERS

1. Say in what countries the following sports and games are popular:

cricket, surfing, karate, reindeer racing, rugby, baseball, judo (jujitsu), lacrosse, lasso-throwing, soccer, croquet

II. Which is better — to be a specialist or a generalist?

Divide your class into 2 teams. Match each specific term in column I. with the generic term in column II. The team which is the first to match the terms correctly wins the score.

I II

barbell basket-ball

racket cricket

wicket golf

alpenstock fencing

knockout figure-skating

bishop tennis

catcher ice-hockey

gauntlet mountaineering

puck baseball

tee boxing

spin chess-playing

spike weight lifting

III. Read one of the short stories by W. S. Maugham and speak about it in class. Speak not only on the contents, but also give analyses of the charac­ters, the author's mastership, methods of characterization, style and lan­guage. See Notes on Style, p. 52.

UNIT SEVEN

I SPEECH PATTERNS

1.There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery can be found.

There is hardly a book by this author which he has not read.

There was hardly a football match which he missed.

There is hardly another team with better opportunities to win.

2. That would make you think you were in Holland.

The teacher made Jack rub out all the ink marks in his textbook.

They couldn't make William Tell bow before the tyrant's cap.

The slightest noise would make him start.

Make him repeat the rule. (Bur: He was made to repeat the rule.)

EXERCISES

I. Change the following sentences to as to use the patterns:

Pattern 1: 1. Idon't think there is another hockey-team of equal popularity. 2. There was not a single world championship he missed. 3. I'm not sure we have a vacancy on our staff. 4. We've no more time, butyou can finish the composition off at home. 5. There was scarcely a living soul at the stadium. 6. I don't think there is any reason for their losing the game.

Pattern 2:1. The coach forced the athletes to post­pone their training. 2. The strangers wanted Roger to drive up to the back yard, and he obeyed. 3. They will never force Andrew to break his promise. 4. During the conversation she felt uneasy. 5. He will not break with his bad habits, no mat­ter what you are saying.

II. Complete tee following, using Pattern 2:

1. What events made you ...? 2. Who could make your friend ...? 3. Which of the experiments made the scientist...? 4. What kind of lesson makes you .,.? 5. What made Leo Tol­stoy ...? 6. The new coach made us ... .

III. Translate the following sentences into English, using the patterns:

1. Едва ли найдется страна, в которой не побывал бы старый моряк. 2. Едва ли есть другой город с таким населением, как То­кио. 3. Едва ли у них была другая возможность освободить Овода. 4. Едва ли найдется человек, который не любит представлений ку­кольного театра. 5. Ужас! Пожалуй нет другого слова, чтобы опи­сать мое состояние в тот момент. 6. Пожалуй не было ни одного соревнования по шахматам, которое бы он пропустил. 7. Едва ли найдется другой тренер, такой внимательный и терпеливый. 8. Что заставило вашего брата бросить бокс? 9. Двое воришек заставили Оливера лезть через окно. 10. Дориан думал, что ничто не заставит его нарушить обещание, данное Сибилле Вейн. 11. Игра актера за­ставляла зрителя не только чувствовать, но и думать, 12. Что заста­вило Байрона сражаться на стороне греческого народа? 13. Что за­ставило Лэнни вернуться в Стилвелд? 14. Этот эпизод рассмешил мою сестру, а меня опечалил.