Seminar 13. The composite sentence
Plan
1. The definition of a composite sentence as a polypredicative structure.
2. The composite sentence structure and kinds of syntactic connections.
3. Compound Sentence: Syntactico-semantic relations expressed by coordination.
4. Complex Sentence. The matrix and insert sentence.
The main principles of classifying subclauses.
5. Cumulation as an intermediary between one polypredicative sentence and a group of sentences.
Questions and Tasks:
1. Give the definition of a composite sentence.
2. How are the sentences classified?
3. What is the compound sentence based upon?
4. What semantic relations underlie coordinative clauses?
5. What is the composite sentence based upon?
6. How is the subordinate clause joined to the principal one?
7. How can subordinate clauses be classified?
References:
1. Блох М. Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка: Учеб. – 4-е изд., испр. / М. Я. Блох. – М.: Высш. шк., 2003. – С. 314-367.
2. Блох М. Я. Практикум по теоретической грамматике английского языка: Учеб. пособие / М. Я. Блох, Т. Н. Семенова, С. В. Тимофеева. – М.: Высш. шк., 2004. – С. 359-394.
3. Жигадло В. Н., Иванова И. П., Иофик Л. Л. Современный английский язык: Теоретический курс: Учеб. / В. Н. Жигадло, И. П. Иванова, Л. Л. Иофик. – М.: Л.: ИЛИЯ, 1956. – С. 304-338.
4. Ильиш Б. А. Строй современного английского языка (Теоретический курс) – Учеб. пособие. / Б. А. Ильиш. – М.: Л.: Просвещение, 1965. – С. 274-340.
5. Кверк Р., Гринбаум С., Лич Дж., Свартвик Я. Грамматика современного английского языка для университетов. = Quirk R., Greenbaum S., Leech G., Svartvik J. A University Grammar of English / Под редакцией И. П. Верховской. – М.: Высш. шк., 1982. – С. 278-288.
6. Хаймович Б. С., Роговская Б. И. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка: Учеб. пособие. / Б. С. Хаймович, Б. И. Роговская. – М.: Высш. шк., 1967. – С. 278-292.
Seminar 14. The functional sentence perspective (fsp)
Plan
1. The basic principles of sentence division. The correlation of the syntactic division and the functional sentence perspective. The notion of theme and rheme, transition, topic and comment.
2. Language means of expressing the theme.
3. Language means of expressing the rheme.
4. Constructions with the double / triple rheme.
5. The functional sentence perspective and the communicative sentence types.
Questions and Tasks:
1. Identify the purpose of the functional sentence perspective.
2. What are the main components of the functional sentence perspective?
3. Name the formal means of expressing the distinction between the theme and the rheme and give a short characteristic of each means given.
4. What is topicalisation?
5. Disclose the connection between the FSP and the communicative sentence types.
a) What is FSP pattern typical of declarative sentence?
b) What is FSP pattern typical of imperative sentence?
c) What kind of rheme is peculiar to the interrogative sentence?
References:
1. Блох, М.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка : учебник / М.Я. Блох. – 4-е изд., испр. – M. : Высш. шк., 2003. – С. 263-271.
2. Блох, М.Я. Практикум по теоретической грамматике английского языка : учебное пособие / М.Я. Блох, Т.Н. Семенова, С.В. Тимофеева. – M. : Высш. шк., 2004. – P. 267-308.
3. Гуревич, В.В. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / В.В. Гуревич. – М. : МПГУ, 2001. – С. 59-69.
4. Слюсарева Н.А. Проблемы функционального синтаксиса современного английского языка. / Н.А. Слюсарева. – М.: Наука, 1981. – 208 с.
5. Шевякова, В.Е. Современный английский язык (порядок слов, актуальное членение, интонация) / В.Е. Шевякова. – М. : Наука, 1976. – 380 с.
6. Graustein, G., English Grammar. A University Handbook / G. Graustein, A. Hoffmann, M. Schentke. – Leipzig : VEB Verlag Enzyklopaedie, 1997. – P. 40-49.
SEMINAR 15. PRAGMATICS OF THE SENTENCE
Plan
1. The concern of pragmatics and its difference from that of semantics.
2. Reference force and effect. Proposition: illocution. Illocutionary force, perlocutionary effect – the basic notions of pragmatics.
3. A speech event and a speech act. Schema. A cooperative principle as the main condition of success of communication.
4. Performatives and Constatives.
5. Relations between utterances.
Questions and Tasks:
- What is pragmatics concerned with?
- What is the difference between syntax, semantics and pragmatics?
- What is the advantage and disadvantage of studying language via pragmatics?
- What is a speech act?
- Name the three related acts the action performed by producing an utterance, consist of.
- What is the most obvious device for indicating the illocutionary force of the utterance?
- Name the five types of general functions performed by speech acts.
- Speak about Direct and Indirect Speech acts.
References:
- Никитин М.В. Курс лексической семантики: Учебное пособие к курсам языкознания, лексикологии и теоретической грамматики. / М.В. Никитин. – СПб.: Научный центр проблем диалога, 1996. – С. 619-753.
- Jule, George. Pragmatics. // Oxford Introductions to Language Study. Series Editor H. Y. Widdowson. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. – 138 с.
- Widdowson H. Y. Linguistics. // Oxford Introductions to Language Study. Series Editor H. Y. Widdowson. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. – С. 61-68.
SEMINAR 16. TEXT AND DISCOURSE
Plan
1. The nature of text.
a) Text type or genre and style.
b) Text type and function.
2. The nature of discourse.
a) Textual and contextual meaning.
b) The context and its components.
The context of literary discourse.
The communicative situation in literary discourse.
Questions and Tasks:
- What is a ‘communicative triangle’?
- What are the intrinsic linguistic properties of the text?
- What is discourse?
- What is style in language? What does concept of style involve?
- How is a genre or a text type defined?
- Give the definition of a context.
- Name the characteristic features of linguistic context.
- Name the typical features of non-linguistic context.
References:
- Александрова О.В., Комова Т.А. Современный английский язык. Морфология и синтаксис. = Modern English Grammar: Morphology and Syntax: учеб. пособие. / О.В. Александрова, Т.А. Комова. – М.: ИЦ «Академия», 2007. – С. 138-140; 173-174.
- Прохоров Ю.Е. Действительность. Текст. Дискурс: Учеб. пособие. – 2-е изд. испр. / Ю.Е. Прохоров. – М.: Флинта. Наука, 2006. – С. 9-72.
- Blackmore, D. Understanding utterances. An introduction to pragmatics. / Diane Blackmore. – (Blackwell textbooks in linguistics: 6) – Padstow, Cornwall: T. J. International Ltd., 2003. – P. 134-154.
- Verdonk, Peter. Stylistics // Oxford Introductions to Language Study. / Series Editor H. Y. Widdowson. – Oxford University Press, 2003. – P. 17-27.
6. Контрольные вопросы и задания по курсу
Вопросы и задания
1. What are the aims of the course of theory of grammar?
2. Accidence and morphology – where do these terms come from?
3. What are the units of linguistic analysis?
4. What is a minimal unit on the morphological level? Give several definitions of a morpheme.
5. How does a morpheme differ from an allomorph?
6. Name the distinctive features of a grammatical morpheme.
7. Name the basic notions concerned with the categorial structure of the word.
8. Give the definition of the grammatical meaning and name the grammatical means of its expression.
9. Give the definition of a grammatical category.
10. What is the oppositional reduction?
11. Name two kinds of grammatical forms.
12. Give the definition of the category of number in terms of the oppositional theory.
13. Speak about the morphemic structure of the singular and plural forms of the noun.
14. Comment on the peculiarities of the nouns weather, knowledge, information, linguistics, measles, on the one hand, and scissors, oats, clothes, police, cattle, on the other.
15. Account for the ability of the collective nouns such as family, crowd, army, government, crew to display a full paradigm of number.
16. What makes the category of case in English disputable?
17. What ensures a peculiar status of the inflexion ‘-s’?
18. What are the peculiarities of the gender distinction in Modern English?
19. Explain the difference between the category of gender in English and Russian.
20. What is the general categorial meaning of the verb?
21. What grammatical categories manifest themselves in the outward structure of the verb?
22. Comment on the combinability of the verb.
23. Name the grammatical categories of the verbals.
24. Give the definition of the category of tense.
25. Explain the difference between ‘time’ and ‘tense’.
26. Comment on the problem of the ‘future’ tense in English.
27. What is modality?
28. Give the definition of the category of mood.
29. Comment on the problem of the Subjunctive Mood.
30. Compare the categorial meanings of the two categories: that of aspect and that of time correlation.
31. Give the definition of the category of voice.
32. Explain why some English verbs can’t be passivized.
33. Comment on the problem of the so-called reciprocal, reflexive and medial voices.
34. What is the categorial meaning of the adjective?
35. Comment on the problem of statives.
36. What grammatical categories are discussed as phenomena of morphology and syntax?
37. What is the subject of syntax?
38. What is the difference between formal and functional approaches to the language?
39. Explain the terms ‘collocation’ and ‘colligation’.
40. What is meant by ‘minor syntax’?
41. Explain the difference between ‘word-combination’ and ‘collocation’.
42. Name the types of word-combinations in English.
43. What are the ultimate and consummate units of speech for syntax?
44. Speak about the major difference between functional styles as regards their construction.
45. Give the definitions of a simple and multiple sentences.
46. Illustrate different types of multiple sentences.
47. What are the communicative types of sentences?
48. What are the types of simple sentences in English?
49. What is the correlation between parts of speech and parts of sentences?
50. Name the kinds of syntactic bonds.
51. What is predication and its main units?
52. Why is discourse analysis so important for predication?
53. What is the subject of pragmatics?
54. Why is pragmatics so important for syntax?
55. What is the difference between functional and cognitive approach to the study of the language?
56. Why is discourse in the centre of cognitive studies?
57. Define the notion of discourse.
58. Explain the major difference between ‘text’ and discourse.
Перечень тем к зачету
1. The Aims of Theory of Grammar.
2. Units of Speech Analysis.
3. The Word (Three Criteria).
4. Grammatical Categories.
Grammatical Means (Inflexion, Vowel & Consonant Interchange Suppletion, Analytical Means).
5. The Noun. The Category of Case.
6. The Noun. The Category of Number.
7. The Noun. The Problem of Category of Gender.
8. The Noun as Part of Speech. Morphological & Semantic.
9. The Noun. Morphological & Semantic. Classifications.
10. The Verb. Classifications.
11.The Verb. The Person & Number.
12.The Verb. The Problem of Category of Tense.
13. The Verb. The Problem of Category of Aspect & Time Correlation.
14.The Verb. The Problem of Category of Voice.
15.The Verb. The Problem of Category of Mood.
16.The Verb. The Verbals.
17.The Article Determination.
18.The Pronoun.