Блок текстов на контроль чтения специальной литературы

Текст № 1

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SPECIALITIES

1.At the beginning of World War II it was possible to recognize a number of major medical specialties, including internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, pathology, anesthesiology, ophthalmology, surgery, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, psychiatry and neurology, radiology, and urology. Hematology was also an important field of study, and microbiology and biochemistry were important medically allied specialties.

2.Since World War II, however, there has been an almost explosive increase of knowledge in the medical sciences as well as enormous advances in technology as applicable to medicine. These developments have led to more and more specialization.

3.The knowledge of pathology has been greatly extended, mainly by the use of the electron microscope; similarly microbiology, which includes bacteriology, expanded with the growth of such other subfields as virology (the study of viruses) and mycology (the study of yeasts and fungi in medicine). Biochemistry, sometimes called clinical chemistry or chemical pathology, has contributed to the knowledge of disease, especially in the field of genetics where genetic engineering has become a key to curing some of the most difficult diseases. Hematology also expanded after World War II with the development of electron microscopy.

4. Contributions to medicine have come from such fields as psychology and sociology especially in such areas as mental disorders and mental handicaps. Clinical pharmacology has led to the development of more effective drugs and to the identification of adverse reactions. More recently established medical specialties are those of preventive medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation, family practice, and nuclear medicine. In the United States every medical specialist must be certified by a board composed of members of the specialty in which certification is sought. Some type of peer certification is required in most countries.

(Encyclopedia Britannica)

ЗАДАНИЕ N 1(выберите один вариант ответа) Определите, является ли утверждение:

Medical specialist’s certification is required in most countries all over the world.

A) истинным

B) ложным

C) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ N 2 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение в тексте:

Psychology and sociology made a certain contribution to medicine.

A) истинным

B) ложным

C) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ N 3 (выберите один вариант ответа) Определите, является ли утверждение в тексте:

Genetic engineering has led to the development of more effective drugs.

A) истинным

B) ложным

C) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ N 4 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

The maintenance of health is now becoming as important a concern as the cure of disease.

A) истинным

B) ложным

C) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ N 5 ( выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Family practice is one of the recently established medical specialities.

A) 2

B) 4

C) 1

D) 3

ЗАДАНИЕ N 6 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Anaesthesiology was a recognized medical speciality in the 1940s.

A) 4

B) 1

C) 3

D) 2

ЗАДАНИЕ N 7 ( выберите один вариант ответа)

Ответьте на вопрос:

What does the science of mycology study?

A) The object of studies of mycologv is fungi.

B) It studies drugs.

C) The object of studies of mycology is bacteria.

D) It studies micro-organisms and their ill effects on the body.

ЗАДАНИЕ N 8 ( выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите основную идею текста

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

A) Microbiology and biochemistry are important medically allied specialties.

B) Different medical specialties appeared after World War II.

C) The knowledge of hematology and pathology expanded with the development of electron microscopy.

D) The diversification in medical specialties is connected with the increase of knowledge.

Текст № 2

Cancer Treatment

А. In potentially curable cancer patients, when the tumor is localized and has not spread beyond the regional lymph nodes, surgical excision mау offer an effective means of cure. Тhe tumor plus а margin of normal tissue is removed. Some common cancers in which surgery mау be curative are those of the stomach, lower esophagus, large and small bowel, bone, breast and endometrium.

B. Тhe goal of radiotherapy is delivering а maximal dose of ionizing radiation to the tumor tissue and а minimal dose to normal tissue in the region of the tumor. In reality, this goal is difficult to obtain and usually one accepts а degree of residual normal сеll damage as а sequel to destruction of lethal tumor. The effect of the high-dose radiation to cells is to break uр the DNA molecules and stop the functioning of the сеll.

С. Cancer chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer using drugs. It is probably the most important factor responsible for long-term survival in several types of cancer. Chemotherapy mау be used alone or in combination with the other methods of cancer treatment, such as radiation and surgery.

D. Combination chemotherapy refers to the use of two or more antitumour drugs together to kill specific type of malignant growth. In chemotherapy, drugs are given according to a written protocol or plan which details exactly how the drugs will be given. Usually drug therapy is continued until the patient achieves a complete remission, which is the absence of all signs of disease.

Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:

1. What is а combination chemotherapy?

А. . .. а surgical removal of the tumor

В. . .. using two ore more antitumor drugs together

С. . .. using one antitumor drug

D. ... а high-dose radiation

Завершите предложение в соответствии с основной темой абзаца:

2. Тhе С passage is about ...

А. . .. chemotherapy of cancer

В. . .. the causes of cancer

С. . .. the surgical treatment of cancer

D. ... radiotherapy of cancer