Тема “Health Service in Great Britain”.
2. Значение изучения темы: приобщение студентов к социо-культурной среде носителей английского языка, развитие профессионального интереса.
3. Цели занятия: отработка навыков изучающего чтения, составление сообщения, развитие навыков монологической речи, повторение грамматического материала: страдательный залог.
План изучения темы.
4.1. Исходный контроль знаний.
1. Проверка домашнего задания:
1. Письменный перевод текста «A typical day ».
2. Describe a research study that you would be interested in carrying out.
3. Test.
Choose what is true and what is false.
1. There is no free medical treatment in Great Britain.
2. Charges are made for drugs, spectacles and dental care.
3. Many people who have enough money prefer to be private patients because they don’t want to be put in a large room with other patients.
4. The patient cannot choose between NHS and private treatment.
5. The general practitioner does invaluably work by filtering off 90 per cent of the total work.
6. Health centers provide opportunities for hospital specialists and GPs.
7. Each patient can come to the medical consultation at any time he wishes.
8. The patient is the most important person in the health centre and all the energies should be directed to helping him as much as possible.
4.2. Изучение нового материала.
Чтение текста "What is Health for ALL". После прочтения текста организуйте дискуссию.
Представьте, что вы на конференции молодых ученых. Обсудите, что подразумевает девиз «Здоровье для всех»; перечислите, что необходимо для оздоровления человечества? (При обсуждении должны выразить свою точку зрения клинические психологи, врачи, учителя, социальные работники).
Распределите роли и подготовьте вопросы своим оппонентам.
4.3. Самостоятельная работа по теме.
1. Прочитайте текст «Clinical psychologist» (см. прил.) и ответьте письменно на вопросы.
1. What do clinical psychologists do?
2. Where do they work?
3. Who do they work with?
2. Найдите в тексте предложение в страдательном залоге и переведите это предложение.
3. Работа в парах.
Обсуждение ситуационных задач.
1. Imagine you are a psychologist and your client (patient) is against taking any medicine, what can you advise him.
2. How to control Hostility?
4.4. Итоговый контроль знаний.
Индивидуальный контроль ответов на вопросы по тексту«Clinical psychologist», обсуждение решения ситуационных задач, выставление оценок за самостоятельную работу и работу на занятии.
Основные понятия и положения темы.
Занятие начинается с проверки письменного перевода и выполнения тестового задания. Для изучения темы используются научно-популярные тексты из англо-американской периодики. Комментарии и пояснения, которые дает преподаватель к этим текстам, помогают раскрыть специфику медицинского и психологического обслуживания в Великобритании.
Повторяется грамматический материал: страдательный залог.
Страдательный залог – the Passive voice – показывает, что предмет или лицо, являющееся подлежащим, подвергается действию.
The text was translated.
Форма: to beв нужной форме + Past Participle(причастие прошедшего времени).
Значение: Подлежащее в данном предложении не совершает действия, выраженного формой пассивного залога, а испытывает его на себе.
Употребление: В отличие от русского языка, используется не только с прямым дополнением варианта этого предложения в активном залоге, но и с косвенным, и предложным.
| Время | Present | Past | Future |
| Indefinite | The test is written. | The test was written. | The test will be written. |
| Continuous | The test is being written. | The test was being written for an hour. | |
| Perfect | The test has been written today. | The test had been written by 12 o’clock. | The test will have been written by 12 o’ clock. |
Таблица времен в действительном и страдательном залоге.
| Залог / Время | Active Voice | Passive Voice (to be + Participle II cмыслового глагола) |
| Indefinite: Present Past Future | We ask questions. We asked questions. We shall ask questions. | Questions are asked. Questions were asked. Questions will be asked. |
| Continuous: Present Past Future | We are asking questions. We were asking questions. We shall be asking questions. | Questions are being asked. Questions were being asked. -------- |
| Perfect: Present Past Future | We have asked questions. We had asked questions. We shall have asked questions. | Questions have been asked. Questions had been asked. Questions will have been asked. |
The idea of health for all was first forward at a number of WHO’s Regional Committees in the last decade of the 20th century. It has given rise to severe skepticism. “How do you define health? What do you mean by all? Will no more babies be born with congenital diseases?”
It does not mean that nobody will be sick or disabled. It means a different approach by which health is considered in the broader context of its contribution to and promotion by social and economic development so that all people will be able to lead socially and economically satisfying lives. It means that people will use better methods than they do now for preventing disease and alleviating unavoidable disease and disability and better ways of growing up, growing old and dying gracefully. Today nearly one thousand million people do not live satisfying lives, since they exist in a state of social and economic poverty.
People today have health insurance to protect them against financial calamity from a serious health problem, whereas virtually no one had such insurance a century ago. Most people also have their own doctors and people see doctors much more often than their ancestors did a century ago. Today we know a lot more about how to prevent illness and promote health, not just to cure disease once it occurs.
Задания для уяснения темы занятия.
6.1. Вопросы для самоподготовки.
1. Переведите словосочетания на английский язык и составьте с ними предложения.
Главная цель; незначительные недомогания; хронические больные; специализированное лечение; лечебная гимнастика; предоставлять лечение; посещать больного на дому; получить услуги и лечение; посещать больного на дому; получить услуги и консультации.
2) Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What medical treatment does the NHS provide?
2. What diseases does the NHS cover?
3. What aids does it provide?
4. What does a patient do to obtain benefits of the NHS?
5. What are the duties of a family doctor?
6. Since when does a patient pay for medicine in Great Britain?
7. How many patients does a general practitioner have on his list?
8. Why do several general practitioners join in partnership?
6.2. Тестовые задания по теме.
1. Переведите на английский язык.
Медицинское обслуживание, домашний врач, бесплатный медицинский уход, делать прививки, низкий доход, значительная стоимость, пенсионные выплаты, психические заболевания, инвалидность, пострадавшие, медсестра, оказывать медицинскую помощь, штат, по записи.
2. Измените, страдательный залог на активный, и напишите вопросительную и отрицательную форму полученных предложений.
1. The car was repaired by Mr. Green.
2. The book was taken by George.
3. The dinner was cooked by granny.
4. Our work will be corrected by the teacher.
5. The field had been ploughed before they bought it.
6. He has been shown a new instruction.
7. New schools are built every year.
8. This cottage was repaired a month ago.
9. He has been shown the documents.
10. We were told to wait.
11. Good books are quickly sold.
6.3. Cитуационные задачи.
1) Imagine you are a psychologist and your client (patient) is against taking any medicine, what can you advise him.
2) How to control Hostility? (можете выбрать один из вариантов ответов и аргументируйте свой выбор).
(stop having negative thoughts, meditate, change negative attitudes, change your cynical thoughts into positive ones, use humor, go through a day pretending it’s your last day on earth, improve your relationships with other people).
3. Explain how you understand these sayings.
1. Prevention is better than cure.
2. One man’s meat is another man’s poison.
3. Health is not valued till sickness comes.
4. Share your comments about the quotations with the other students in the group.
1. “Nothing is more fatal to health than an over care of it”.
(Benjamin Franklin)
2. ” There are a lot of people in this world who spend so much time watching their health that they haven’t time to enjoy it.”
(Billings, an American writer, 1818-1885)
7. Список тем по УИРС, предлагаемый кафедрой.
Примерные темы докладов.
1. The Emerging Healthcare Market.
2. The new financial system of NHS.
3. The medical staff at hospitals.
4. The chief scientific problems of medicine.
8. Рекомендуемая литература.
Основная: тексты: “What is Health for all?”, “Clinical psychologist”
Дополнительная: словари, грамматические справочники.
What is Health for all?
The idea of health for all was first forward at a number of WHO's Regional Committees in the last decade of the 20th century. It has given rise to severe skepticism. "How do you define health? What do you mean by all? Will no more babies be born with congenital diseases?"
It does not mean that nobody will be sick or disabled. It means a different approach by which health is considered in the broader context of its contribution to and promotion by social and economic development, so that all people will be able to lead socially and economically satisfying lives. It means that people will use better methods than they do now for preventing disease and alleviating unavoidable disease and disability, and better ways of growing up, growing old and dying gracefully. Today nearly one thousand million people do not live satisfying lives, since they exist in a state of social and economic poverty. This is a combination of unemployment, poverty, a low level of education, poor housing, poor sanitation, malnutrition, affliction by disease. Taken together these create a vicious circle, and improvement of any one of them could contribute to improvement of all of them.
Recent studies have shown that considerable improvements in people’s health can take place for as little as 0, 5 to 2 per cent of the yearly gross national product per person. This is by any standard a reasonable cost. So cost factors should not hinder governments when they consider if, and to what extent, they should commit themselves to the target of health for all.
Clinical psychologist
Clinical psychology aims to reduce psychological distress and to enhance and promote psychological well-being. A wide range of psychological difficulties may be dealt with, including anxiety, depression, relationship problems, learning disabilities, child and family problems and serious mental illness.
To assess a client, a clinical psychologist may undertake a clinical assessment using a variety of methods including psychometric tests, interviews and direct observation of behavior. Assessment may lead to therapy, counseling or advice.
Clinical Psychologists work largely in health and social care settings including hospitals, health centers, community mental health teams, child and adolescent mental health services and social services.
They usually work as part of a team with, for example, social workers, medical practitioners and other health professionals. Most clinical psychologists work in the National Health Service, which has a clearly defined career structure, but some work in private practice.
The work is often directly with people, either individually or in groups, assessing their needs or providing therapies based on psychological theories and research. Clinical psychology is a rapidly developing field and adding to the evidence base through research is very important. Some clinical psychologists work as trainers, teachers and researchers in universities.
Занятие №7