Специальности «социальная работа»
Ж. Г. Жигунова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ II КУРСА ДО
СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА»
Омск
Издательство ОмГТУ
2009
УДК802.0:364(075)
ББК81.2Англ-923-65.272я73
Ж 68
Рецензенты:
Т. В.Ощепкова, канд. филол. наук, доцент, зав. каф. английского языка факультета информатики ОмГПУ
К.Ю. Симонова, канд. филол. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой связи с общественностью СибГУФК
Жигунова Ж. Г.
Ж 68 Английский язык для студентов II курса ДО по специальности
«Социальная работа»: учебное пособие / Ж. Г. Жигунова.– Омск:
Изд-во ОмГТУ, 2009.– 48 с.
Данное учебное пособие включают в себя оригинальные тексты по специальности, содержащие ценный фактический материал для обучения чтению и переводу, тексты для аннотирования и тесты для проверки знаний. Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов II курса специальности СР – факультета ГО.
В основу текстового материала учебного пособия положены оригинальные источники из современных изданий по социальной работе.
Печатается по решению редакционного-издательского совета Омского государственного технического университета.
УДК 802.0:364(075)
ББК 81.2Англ-923-65.272я73
© Омский государственный
технический университет, 2009
UNIT 1
SOCIAL WORK. WHAT IS IT?
I. Прочитайте и выучите новые термины и терминологические сочетания
abuse–1. жестокое обращение; 2. злоупотребление
adjustment – приспособляемость, привыкание, адаптация
assessment – оценка
behavior – поведение
community – 1. сообщество; 2. общество
dependent – иждивенец
alcohol dependent – алкоголик
drug dependent – наркоман
disability – нетрудоспособность, инвалидность
disadvantage – недостаток
disorder – болезнь, расстройство
distress – 1. горе, беда; 2. нищета, нужда
faculty – факультет
Humanitarian faculty – гуманитарный факультет
illness – болезнь, заболевание
impairment – ухудшение, ущерб
interaction – взаимодействие
offender – преступник, правонарушитель
setting – окружение, обстановка
service – обслуживание
health services – медицинское обслуживание
social services – социальное обслуживание
support – поддержка
treatment – 1. лечение уход; 2. воспитание
work – работа
clinical social work – клиническая социальная работа
gerontological social work – геронтологическая социальная работа
industrial social work – социальная работа на производстве
medical social work – социальная работа в медицинских учреждениях
occupational social work – социальная работа по месту занятости
police social work – социальная работа в полиции
preventive social work – превентивная социальная работа
psychiatric social work – социальная работа в психиатрии
rural social work – социальная работа в сельской местности
school social work – социальная работа в школе
social work – социальная работа
worker – рабочий
family support worker – семейный социальный работник
social worker – социальный работник
II. Установите соответствия между терминами социальной работы на русском и английском языках
a)
| 1) rural social work 2) psychiatric social work 3) occupational social work 4) police social work 5) preventive social work 6) medical social work 7) school social work 8) gerontological social work 9) clinical social work 10) industrial social work | a) социальная работа по месту занятости b) клиническая социальная работа c) превентивная социальная работа d) психиатрическая социальная работа e) социальная работа в полиции f) социальная работа в сельской местности. g) социальная работа в школе h) социальная работа на производстве i) геронтологическая социальная работа j)социальная работа в медицинских учреждениях |
b)
| 1) abuse 2) adjustment 3) assessment 4) behavior 5) disorder 6) dependent 7) disability 8) disadvantage 9) community 10) distress | a) иждивенец b) недостаток c) жестокое обращение; злоупотребление d) приспособляемость, привыкание e) поведение f) горе, беда g) болезнь, расстройство h) нетрудоспособность, инвалидность i) сообщество; общество j) оценка |
III. Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и переведите их на русский язык
| 1. communication 2. counseling 3. functioning 4. emotional 5. groups 6. individuals 7. philosophy | 8. positive 9. practical 10. practice 11. principles 12. psychology 13. services 14. technique |
IV. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания к нему
ТЕКСТ A
SOCIAL WORK
Social work is the professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favorable to this goal. Social work practice consists of the professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques to one or more of the following ends: helping people obtain tangible services; providing counseling and psychotherapy with individuals, families, and groups; helping communities or groups provide or improve social and health services; and practicing in relevant legislative processes.
The practice of social work requires knowledge of human development and behavior; of social, economic and cultural institutions and of the interaction of all these factors.
There are different specialties within social work, for example: rural social work, occupational social work, school social work, clinical social work, preventive social work, police social work and others.
Rural social work is practice oriented to helping people who have unique problems and needs arising out of living in agricultural or sparsely populated areas.
School social work is the specialty oriented towards helping students make satisfactory school adjustments.
Psychiatric social work or clinical social work issocial work in a mental health setting.
Occupational social work or industrial social work is the provision of professional human services in the workplace through employer-funded programs.
Preventive social work is the professional application of social work theory and methods to the treatment and prevention of psychosocial dysfunction, disability, or impairment, including emotional and mental disorders.
ТЕКСТ B
MY SPECIALITY
I’m a second year student of Omsk State Technical University. I study at the Humanitarian faculty. It trains personnel for working at social services.
The course for the social worker lasts 5 years. The students study different subjects: psychology, history of social work, philosophy, foreign languages and others.
The term «social work» has some meanings. It is the applied science of helping people achieve any effective level of psychological functioning; any of numerous publicly or privately provided services intended to aid disadvantaged, distressed or vulnerable persons or groups and it is also the profession engaged in rendering such services. There are many different aspects in the profession: medical social work, school social work, police social work and others.
As I already have experience of working with people who have mental health problems I have been offered a good job this year. I have joined a highly successful home treatment team, providing early assessment and support for people with acute mental health illness who otherwise would be admitted to hospital. Our team operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, so I work flexible hours.
After graduating from the university I want to be a family support worker. I want to provide outreach and support for families, especially women and children. A family support worker works closely with families and children to identify their needs. He also provides emotional and practical support to the clients. A family support worker like any other social worker should behave in a calm and understanding manner to enhance communication and understanding within the family.
XII. Ответьте на вопросы
1. What faculty trains personnel for working at social services?
2. What does the term «social work» mean?
3. What does a home treatment team provide?
4. What does a family support worker do?
5. How should a family support worker behave?
ТЕКСТ С
A CAREER AS A SOCIAL WORKER
Social Workers can be based within residential settings, such as children’s homes, hostels and care homes, or in a field-based capacity working within the community. Either way, their role is very similar and involves providing counseling, advice and support to vulnerable adults or children, including offenders. The clients they work with may be drug or alcohol dependent, suffering from a long-term illness, experiencing mental health problems or the subject of some form of abuse. The role of the Social Worker is to assess their needs and the subsequent level of social and emotional support that they may require.
Residential Social Workers who work with children are responsible for ensuring that their clients are provided with a safe, secure and friendly environment and will organize various activities for them aimed at developing their life skills to enable them to live independently in the future. With adults, their responsibilities may also include helping them with the daily running of their lives including handling finances and benefit claims. Social Workers with elderly clients will be responsible for ensuring that their clients live a dignified, safe and comfortable life within their residential setting.
Community-based Social Workers work closely with a variety of clients including families where children are considered to be at risk. They advise on drug and alcohol issues, support offenders and help people with terminal illnesses adjust to their situation.
Social Workers form a vital part of an extensive support network which can include doctors, teachers, police and other health care professionals. They are required to demonstrate excellent counseling skills and the ability to develop positive relationships with their clients while remaining professionally detached. Acting on behalf of a caseload of clients necessitates good time management and the flexibility to be able to respond to the needs of a client whenever required.
It is not possible to practice as a Social Worker without a degree or postgraduate qualification approved by the General Social Care Council (GSCC), after which you can apply for professional registration. The degree can often be achieved through part-time study while also gaining practical experience in the field.
Curriculum Vitae
| Personal profile Personal Details | Education References | Other achievements and interests Voluntary work experience |
__________________________________________________________________
Brenda Brown
17, High Close
Cardiff
CF18 7TL
Phone: 0325 491 0372
__________________________________________________________________
Energetic, open minded and resourceful.
I'm optimistic, have a good sense of humour and get on easily with people of all ages.
My long term aim is to train as a Social Worker but I would like to get several years practical experience before returning to study for a professional qualification.
__________________________________________________________________
2002-2007
Oldhill School, Cardiff
2007-2009
Central Sixth Form College, Cardiff
GCSEs
RE A
English Language B
English Literature B
Design Technology B
French B
Biology B
Maths C
History C
A Levels
PE B
Psychology C
Sociology D
__________________________________________________________________
2008 and 2009
Volunteer play worker on the Rosehill Estate's summer play scheme for 5 - 11 year olds. My involvement was helping organize and supervise a range of activities, including:
Volleyball competition
Day trips to farms, museums and swimming baths
Poetry writing competition
Girls rugby tournament
2006-2007
School Community Service Project with Alzheimer's Society
__________________________________________________________________
Swimming, hockey and golf
Scenery construction and painting for the Youth Drama Group
Pony trekking
__________________________________________________________________
Brenda Williams
a qualified professional social worker
the Scottish Social Services Council (SSSC)
XVI. Напишите своё резюме.
ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕСТ № 1
В заданиях I – II установите соответствие между английскими и русскими терминами.
I
| 1. school social work | a) геронтологическая социальная работа |
| 2. medical socialwork | b) социальная работа в психиатрии |
| 3. police social work | c) социальная работа в полиции |
| 4. psychiatric social work | d) социальная работа в школе |
| 5. gerontological social work | e) медицинская социальная |
| f) работа социальная работа на производстве |
II
| 1. abuse | a) болезнь, расстройство |
| 2. adjustment | b) поведение |
| 3. assessment | c) лечение уход |
| 4. support | d) приспособляемость, привыкание |
| 5. behavior | e) нищета, нужда |
| 6. community | f) недостаток |
| 7. disability | g) нетрудоспособность, инвалидность |
| 8. disorder | h) поддержка |
| 9. treatment | i) сообщество |
| 10. distress | j) злоупотребление |
| k) оценка |
В заданиях III – V выберите термин, являющийся синонимом подчеркнутому
III
psychiatric social work 1. clinical social work
2. independent social work
3. medical socialwork
IV
occupational social work 1. industrial social work
2. international social work
3. school social work
V
illness 1. impairment
2. disorder
3. disfunction
В заданиях VI – X выберите термин, который нужно поставить в предложение
VI … provides people with workplaces through employer-funded programs.
1. radical social work; 2. independent social work; 3. occupational social work
VII … is oriented to helping people who live in agricultural areas.
1. independent social; work; 2. rural social work; 3. youth social work
VIII … works closely with women and children to identify their needs.
1. school social worker; 2. family support worker; 3. voluntary worker
IX… helps students make satisfactory adjustments.
1. psychological social work 2. school social work 3. child care work
X … is professional social work practice to provide a variety of social services to victims of crimes, and their families.
1. police social work; 2. psychological social work; 3. preventive social work
UNIT 2
HISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK
I. Прочитайте и выучите новые термины и терминологические сочетания
almoner –1. ист.раздающий милостыню (должностное лицо при дворе или религиозной организации); 2. уст. работник сферы социального обслуживания
hospital almoner–уст. работник сферы социального обслуживания, ведающий оплатой лечения и бытовым обслуживанием больных
medical almoner –уст. работник сферы социального обслуживания, ведающий оплатой лечения и бытовым обслуживанием больных
aged –престарелый
alms –милостыня
assistance –помощь
charitable work –благотворительная работа
guardian –опекун, попечитель
law –закон
Poor Law–ист.закон о бедных
orphan –сирота
overseer –надзиратель, надсмотрщик
poor –бедный
ист.guardian of the poor –попечитель бедных
ист.overseer of the poor –попечитель по призрению бедных
poverty –бедность
official –должностное лицо, служащий
sick –больной
unemployed –безработный
welfare –благополучие
welfare officer –работник по вопросам социального обеспечения
welfare state –государство всеобщего благосостояния
ТЕКСТ A
ТЕКСТ B
EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL WORK
Social work as a profession engaged in rendering services intended to aid disadvantaged, distressed or vulnerable persons or groups appeared in the 19th century. But before that there were different public officials who helped distressed people.
The first officers responsible for distributing alms to the poor were almoners usually connected with a religious house or other institution. It is considered that almoners appeared in France in the 13th century. In England such officers began to supervise charitable works later. And they still exist as part of Queens Household. The high almoner, usually a bishop or other prelate, distributes the royal alms on Maundy Thursday.
In modern times the term almoner has also been used in Britain for a trained social worker, usually a woman, qualified to work in a medical setting. In this sense «almoner» was superseded in 1964 by the title «medical social worker». Now the term is used in Britain as well as in the United States.
Other officers who helped distressed people before appearance of social workers were overseers of the poor, people who in 16th- and 17th-century England and Colonial America were appointed as public officials to help collect local taxes and use these funds to provide relief for the destitute and, primarily, jobs for the able-bodied unemployed. Overseers of the poor were established in the Henrician Poor Law of 1536 and served as local officials for the government and for churches. The term «overseer of the poor» has two synonyms «guardian of the poor» and «guardian». Some social welfare historians trace the evolution of the modern social work profession to the overseers of the poor.
ТЕКСТ C
ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕСТ № 2
UNIT 3
SOCIAL SERVICES
I. Прочитайте и выучите новые термины и терминологические сочетания
allowance – необлагаемый налогом минимум пособия, выплачиваемый на детей и иждивенцев
children’s allowance – государственное пособие многодетным семьям
cost-of-living allowance – индексация заработной платы в связи с изменением прожиточного минимума
exclusion allowance – часть пособия, не облагаемая налогом
family allowance – государственное пособие многодетным семьям
housing allowance – пособие, выделяемое на оплату жилья
prenatal allowance – пособие по беременности и родам
retirement allowance – пенсия (по выходу в отставку)
benefit – пенсия, пособие
cash benefit – денежное пособие
disability benefit – пособие по инвалидности
inkind benefit – пособие в натуральной форме
insurance benefit – страховое пособие
maternity benefit – пособие, выделяемое в связи с рождением ребёнка
medical benefit – пособие по болезни
public assistance benefit – пособие по государственному социальному обеспечению
sick benefit – пособие по болезни
social benefits – пособия по социальному обеспечению
social security benefits – пособия по социальному обеспечению
social service benefits – пособия по социальному обеспечению
social welfare benefits – пособия по социальному обеспечению
survivors’ benefit – пособие в связи с потерей кормильца
unemployment benefit – пособие по безработице
unemployment-compensation benefit – пособие по безработице
insurance – страхование
insurance scheme – схема страхования
payments – выплаты
insurance payments – страховые выплаты
unemployment – безработица
ТЕКСТ A
ТЕКСТ B
FUNDING OF SOCIAL SERVICES
The general principle in most countries which provide social services is that all employed people hand over part of their income to central fund which finances the services anyone might need. An example is the National Insurance Scheme in Britain, under which people pay a certain fixed sum every week out of their wages. Then, if a person is unemployed or too ill to work, he may draw back from the central fund certain benefits. These are weekly cash payments which will cover the most basic needs for the unemployed persons and their dependent family. When the persons reach retiring age, they are entitled to draw a pension from the central fund.
Another way in which people contribute to a central fund is through taxation. A proportion of tax money is reserved for cash benefits to needy people. Other money isprovided by charity organizations.
There are many other social services in which help is given not in money but in the form of amenities, or facilities, or personal advice or care. For example, some children, for a variety of reasons, cannot enjoy a normal life in their own homes. They may need to be placed in foster homes or in residential establishments for children, often only for short periods. Special care is also needed by the mentally ill, the severely handicapped, and the old, who can no longer fend for themselves.
These services are called «personal» because they offer help in terms of the special needs of certain individuals. The needs of physically handicapped people, for example, vary greatly from one person to the next, and so they have to be assessed individually. Another reason for the title «personal» is that the help is often given by another person. Someone in distress needs advice, guidance, sympathy, understanding, and reassurance. If you can imagine yourself suddenly blinded in an accident, you can understand that you will need a lot more than a weekly payment from the government. You will need advice about education, possible employment, about Braille, and about how to manage your affairs. A person with the skill and understanding to help who works in the appropriate social services department is usually called a social worker. Help in various emergencies is also provided by volunteer charity workers.
XII. Напишите аннотацию к тексту
ТЕКСТ С
ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕСТ № 3
UNIT 4
Poverty
I. Прочитайте и выучите новые термины и терминологические сочетания
applicant – заявитель, проситель
conditions – условия
living conditions – жилищные условия
income – доход
lack – нехватка, недостаток; нужда
level – уровень
level of living – уровень жизни
poverty level – прожиточный минимум
subsistence level – прожиточный минимум
line – черта бедности
breadline – раздача беднякам продуктов питания (низкого качества или с истекшим сроком хранения)
crisis hotline – горячая линия
hot line – горячая линия
poverty line – прожиточный минимум
needs – потребности
poor – бедный
poverty – бедность, нищета
absolute poverty – абсолютная бедность
primary poverty – первичная бедность
relative poverty – относительная бедность
secondary poverty – вторичная бедность
scheme – схема
comprehensive social security schemes – схемы социального страхования
starvation – голод, недоедание
subsistence – существование, жизнь
threat – угроза
well-being – благополучие, благосостояние
II. Установите соответствия между терминами социальной работы на русском и английском языках
a)
| 1) absolute poverty 2) primary poverty 3) relative poverty 4) secondary poverty 5) hot line 6) poverty datum line | a) вторичная бедность b) относительная бедность c) первичная бедность d) горячая линия e) прожиточный минимум f) абсолютная бедность |
b)
| 1) well-being 2) lack 3) living conditions 4) income 5) applicant 6) needs 7) poor 8) threat 9) scheme 10) poverty | a) благополучие, благосостояние b) нехватка, недостаток; нужда c) доход d) потребности e) жилищные условия f) угроза g) схема h) бедность, нищета i) заявитель, проситель j) бедный |
ТЕКСТ A
Poverty
There is no objective and unique definition of poverty, which is capable to describe exactly when somebody is poor. There has been an evolution in the description of poverty. In these definitions, it is shown that poverty is not only lack of money to buy food, but is also related to living conditions, well-being, health, and possibilities to change the personal situation.
Poverty can be defined in different ways. Every definition leads to different outcomes, to a different group of people, which can be considered as poor and, in relation to this, to different policy measures and a different amount of costs needed to solve the problem of poverty.
Poverty exists for many centuries, but the content of the notion differs from country to country and from time to time. There is a difference in poverty in Western Europe and Eastern Europe. There is also a difference in the meaning of poverty in Western Europe in the last century and today. Last century poverty mostly meant that a part of the population had to struggle for life and did not have enough money to buy food: poverty was an absolute notion. Nowadays most of the Western European countries have comprehensive social security schemes, which cover the whole population. Almost everybody has a basic income and in some countries this income is rather high. In those countries therefore poverty cannot longer be seen as a threat of daily life. There, poverty means that a part of population has arrears in relation to the average population: poverty is a relative notion.
Most discussions distinguish between absolute or primary poverty and relative or secondary poverty. «Absolute poverty» refers to a lack of the basic requirements to sustain physical life. «Relative poverty» is used to demonstrate the inadequacy of definitions of absolute or primary poverty by referring to the cultural needs of individuals and families within the context of the rest of society. An absolute poverty line is a kind of fixed amount. An absolute poverty line is not meant to change with the standard of living in society. People are defined as «poor» if their income is below the line and when some absolute needs are not sufficiently satisfied.
ТЕКСТ B
Social assistance
Social assistance is based on need and thus requires declarations of income, family size, and other circumstances. It is provided on the basis of a means test that takes into account not only income but also capital; persons with a specific level of saving may be ineligible. Alternatively it may be only income-tested, the income from capital being assessed in the same way as other income. Often those who have been given the task of operating the scheme (social workers) have been allowed considerable discretion in deciding whether to give assistance and how much to give in certain types of cases.
In other countries social assistance plays a considerable role in supplementing social insurance benefits for those without other sources of income such as sick pay or employers pension schemes as well as providing for those without rights to benefits or those whose benefits have run out because they are paid only for a specific number of months (unemployment benefits).
Partly because of this problem of stigma, social assistance programs are called by a variety of different names in the hope that they will be more acceptable to applicants. For example, the term used is supplementary benefit in the United Kingdom and GAIN (guaranteed income) in British Columbia.
Rules of social assistance differ considerably from country to country and are usually determined locally rather than centrally.
In the United Kingdom, where rules are determined centrally persons in full-time work are not eligible. In the United States only households headed by a single parent are eligible.
The United States used what is essentially the social assistance approach for meeting the medical care needs of low – income persons under the Medicaid program.
ТЕКСТ С
ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕСТ № 4
В заданиях I – II установите соответствие между английскими и русскими терминами
I
| 1) absolute poverty 2) primary poverty 3) subsistence level 4) secondary poverty 5) hot line 6) poverty line | a) вторичная бедность b) относительная бедность c) первичная бедность d) прожиточный минимум e) горячая линия f) прожиточный минимум g) абсолютная бедность |
II
| 1) well-being 2) lack 3) living conditions 4) income 5) applicant 6) needs 7) poor 8) threat 9) scheme 10) subsistence | a) благополучие, благосостояние b) нехватка, недостаток; нужда c) доход d) потребности e) жилищные условия f) угроза g) схема h) бедность, нищета i) заявитель, проситель j) бедный k) существование, жизнь |
В заданиях III – V выберите термин, являющийся синонимом подчеркнутому
III hot line 1. poverty line
2. crisis hotline
3. breadline
IV absolute poverty 1. primary poverty
2. relative poverty
3. secondary poverty
Vsubsistence level 1. level of living
2. breadline
3. poverty line
В заданиях VI – VIII выберите термин, который нужно поставить в предложение
VI … means a lack of the basic requirements to sustain physical life.
1. relative poverty; 2. absolute poverty; 3. secondary poverty.
VII … means poverty by referring to the cultural needs of individuals and families within the context of the rest of society.
1. relative poverty; 2. primary poverty; 3. absolute poverty.
VIII … is a communication system that provides for immediate and direct telephone contact for people having different problems.
1. hot line; 2. poverty line; 3. breadline.
UNIT 5
CHILDREN
I. Прочитайте и выучите новые термины и терминологические сочетания
abandonment – оставление ребенка
child pl. – children ребенок
adultified children – дети, несущие обязанности, характерные для взрослых людей
exceptional children – «исключительные» дети, т.е. с отклонениями от нормы в ту или иную сторону
gifted child – одаренный ребенок
home alone children – безнадзорные дети
latchkey children – дети, проводящие часть дня без присмотра взрослых
runaway children – дети-беглецы
stolen children – украденные дети
thrownaway children – беспризорные дети
unwanted child – нежеланный ребенок
care – забота, попечение
nursing care – уход за детьми
divorce – развод
hospital – 1. больница; 2. госпиталь; 3. приют
foundling hospital – приют для подкидышей
limitation – ограничения
orphanage – детский дом
parent – родитель
legal custodial parent – родитель, с которым после расторжения брака остаются несовершеннолетние дети
supervision – надзор
youngster – несовершеннолетний
ТЕКСТ A
CHILDREN
Children are youngsters who are under the legal age of responsibility or emancipation. In most states this age is 18 years. Social workers deal with children having different problems. There are some groups of children who need care and supervision of specialists. These are runaway children, exceptional children, adultified children, stolen children, latchkey children, home alone children, thrownaway children and many others.
A runaway child is a minor who has departed the home of his or her parents or legal guardians contrary to their wishes and who intends to remain independent of their control. The federal government maintains a National Runaway Hotline to help these youngsters and possibly reunite them with their parents.
«Exceptional children» is a designation applied to dependent youngsters who, because of unusual mental, physical, or social abilities or limitations, require extraordinary forms of education, social experience, or treatment. These children include mentally retarded youngsters who can benefit from educational training facilities designed to help them reach their potential. Other such children may be those with physical disabilities and deformities, mental disorders, special talents, very high intelligence, or unusual physical abilities.
A youth who, because of family relationship patterns, psychopathology, or socioeconomic circumstances, is compelled to assume roles and responsibilities normally reserved for older people, is called an adultified child. An example is a child who is a primary caregiver for younger siblings as well as meal preparer, housekeeper, and major emotional supporter for a single, working parent.
Stolen children are youths who have been abducted from the legal custodial parent by the other parent, usually after a divorce and loss of customer.
Latchkey child is a youngster who comes home from school to spend part of the day unsupervised because the parents are still at work.
All above mentioned groups of children can be considered as clients of social workers.
ТЕКСТ B
ТЕКСТ С
CHILD ABUSE
There are four types of child abuse. They are defined as:
– Physical: An injury or pattern of injuries that happen to a child that are not accidental. These injuries may include beatings, burns, bruises, bites, welts, strangulation, broken bones or death.
– Neglect: Neglect occurs when adults responsible for the well being of a child fail to provide for the child. Neglect may include not giving food, clothing, shelter, failure to keep children clean, lack of supervision and withholding medical care.
– Emotional: Any chronic and persistent act by an adult that endangers the mental health or emotional development of a child including rejection, ignoring, terrorizing, corrupting, constant criticism, menace remarks, insults, and giving little or no love, guidance and support.
– Sexual: Sexual abuse is the sexual assault or sexual exploitation of children. Sexual abuse may consist of numerous acts over a long period of time or a single incident. Children can be victimized from infancy through adolescence. The perpetrator keeps the child from disclosing through intimidation, threats and rewards.
In the United States between 1:3 and 1:4 females are sexually abused as children. At least 1:7 to 1:10 males have been sexually assaulted before they reach the age of 18.
In 80 % of the sexual abuse cases the child knows the offender and in 50 % of all cases, the offender is a member of the child's household.
Abuse crosses all socio-economic backgrounds.
In cases reported in Massachusetts and California the greatest number of cases are those of neglect, followed by cases of physical abuse, with sexual abuse cases ranking third and finally emotional abuse. Two million cases of child abuse are reported each year and of these reported cases, two thousand of the children die.
Child abuse has serious consequences, which may remain as indelible pain throughout the victim's lifetime. The violence and negligence of parents and caretakers serve as a model for children as they grow up. The child victims of today, without protection and treatment, may become the child abusers of tomorrow.
As with any social issue, child abuse is a problem for the entire community. Achieving the goals of protective services requires the coordination of many resources. Each professional group and agency involved with a family assumes responsibility for specific elements of the Child Protective Service (CPS) process. The Department of Human Services works closely with physicians, nurses, educators, mental health practitioners, law enforcement agencies, and the judiciary. These parties are involved in the identification, reporting, investigation, and treatment of cases of child maltreatment.
Protective services are provided by the Department of Human Services to abused and neglected children and their families without regard to income. Special rehabilitative services for prevention and treatment of child abuse are provided by D.H.S. and other community resources to children and families such as: homemaker services, parenting classes, respite day care, foster care, financial assistance, psychological and psychiatric services, and sexual abuse treatment.
ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕСТ № 5
В заданиях I – II установите соответствие между английскими и русскими терминами
I
| 1) exceptional children 2) latchkey children 3) runaway children 4) stolen children 5) gifted children | a) «исключительные» дети b) украденные дети c) дети, проводящие часть дня без присмотра взрослых d) дети-беглецы e) безнадзорные дети f ) одаренные дети |
II
| 1) orphanage 2) limitation 3) parent 4) divorce 5) supervision 6) abandonment | a) развод b) уход за детьми c) детский дом d) оставление ребенка e) ограничения f ) надзор g) родитель |
В заданиях III – V выберите термин, являющийся синонимом подчеркнутому
III сhild 1. adult
2. teenager
3. youngster
IV latchkey children 1. home alone children
2. runaway children
3. stolen children
V thrownaway children 1. adultified children
2. exceptional children
3. runaway children
В заданиях VI – X выберите термин, который нужно поставить в предложение
VI… are youngsters who under the legal age of responsibility or emancipation, in most states this age is 18 years.
1. сhildren; 2. adults; 3. teenagers.
VII… require extraordinary forms of education, social experience, or treatment.
1. «exceptional children»; 2. runaway children; 3. home alone children.
VIII… youths who have been abducted from the legal custodial parent.
1. stolen children; 2. thrownaway children;
3. runaway children.
IX ... minors who have departed the parents home contrary to the parents wishes.
1. runaway children; 2. gifted children; 3. stolen children.
X… assume roles and responsibilities normally reserved for older people.
1. home alone children; 2. adultified children; 3. adult children of alcoholics.
UNIT 6
ADDICTION
I. Прочитайте и выучите новые термины и терминологические сочетания
abuse – злоупотребление
alcohol abuse – алкоголизм
drug abuse – наркомания
substance abuse – злоупотребление алкоголем или наркотиками
abuser – лицо, злоупотребляющее алкоголем или наркотиками
alcohol abuser – алкоголик
drug abuser – наркоман
addiction– зависимость (алкогольная, наркотическая, табачная и др.)
drug addiction – наркотическая зависимость
alcoholism – алкоголизм
compulsions – непреодолимое влечение, мания
crime – преступление
dependence – зависимость
physical dependence – психологическая зависимость
substance dependence – алкогольная, наркотическая, табачная и др. зависимость
medication – 1. лечение, 2. лекарство
obsession – 1. навязчивая идея, 2. одержимость
overeating – перегрев
pornography – порнография
tolerance – терпимость
gambling – азартная игра
withdrawal – отвыкание, воздержание (от алкоголя, курения, наркотиков)
ТЕКСТ A
ADDICTION
The term «addiction» is used in many contexts to describe an obsession, compulsion, or excessive physical dependence or psychological dependence, such as: drug addiction, crime, alcoholism, compulsive overeating, problem gambling, computer addiction, pornography, etc.
In medical terminology, an addiction is a state in which the body relies on a substance for normal functioning and develops physical dependence, as in drug addiction. When the drug or substance on which someone is dependent is suddenly removed, it will cause withdrawal, a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. Addiction is generally associated with increased drug tolerance. In physiological terms, addiction is not necessarily associated with substance abuse since this form of addiction can result from using medication as prescribed by a doctor.
However, common usage of the term addiction has spread to include psychological dependence. In this context, the term is used in drug addiction and substance abuse problems, but also refers to behaviors that are not generally recognized by the medical community as problems of addiction, such as compulsive overeating The term addiction is also sometimes applied to compulsions that are not substance-related, such as problem gambling and computer addiction. In these kinds of common usages, the term addiction is used to describe a recurring compulsion by an individual to engage in some specific activity, despite harmful consequences to the individual's health, mental state or social life.
ТЕКСТ B
Текст С
ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO
Alcohol and tobacco1 are among the top causes of preventable deaths in the United States. Moreover, these substances often are used together: Studies have found that people who smoke are much more likely to drink, and people who drink are much more likely to smoke. Dependence on alcohol and tobacco also is correlated: People who are dependent on alcohol are three times more likely then those in the general population to be smokers, and people who are dependent on tobacco are four times more likely than the general population to be dependent on alcohol.
The link between alcohol and tobacco has important implications for those in the alcohol treatment field. Many alcoholics smoke, putting them at high risk for tobacco-related complications including multiple cancers, lung disease, and heart disease (i.e., cardiovascular disease). In fact, statistics suggest that more alcoholics die of tobacco-related illness than die of alcohol-related problems. Also, questions remain as to the best way to treat these co-occurring addictions; some programs target alcoholism first and then address tobacco addiction, whereas others emphasize abstinence from drinking and smoking simultaneously. Effective treatment hinges on a better understanding of how these substances – and their addictions – interact.
Understanding just how alcohol and tobacco interact is challenging. Because co-use is so common, and because both substances work on similar mechanisms in the brain, it’s proving difficult to tease apart individual and combined effects of these drugs. In this Alcohol Alert, we examine the latest research on the interactions between these two substances, including the prevalence of co-occurring tobacco and alcohol use disorders (AUDs), some of the health consequences of combined use, biological mechanisms and genetic vulnerabilities to co-use and dependence, barriers to the treatment of tobacco dependence in patients with alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders, therapies that are proving effective in treating co-occurring tobacco and alcohol dependence in depressed patients, and treatment interventions for adolescent patients with co-occurring tobacco and AOD use disorders.
ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕСТ № 6
ЧТЕНИЕ
Прочитайте текст. В задании Ч1 установите соответствие тем A-G абзацам текста 1 – 6. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. задании одна тема лишняя. Запишите в бланке ответов буквы, соответствующие темам абзацев.
A) Children being sent to children’s home are not taken care of by their parents.
B) A special department provides babies necessary medical and educational support.
C) Babies having illness stay in a hospital for medical reasons.
D) Children get excellent accommodation after the registration.
E) The publication of official report about babies problems.
F) Healthy children are kept at hospitals.
G) Special documents are needed to place the children in a children’s home.
ABANDONED CHILDREN
1. Due to controversy over the issues and debates that hospital babies have sparked, besides our own reporting The Moscow News has decided to publish an official statement from the Health Ministry, in its own words, about the scope of the problem and how it is addressing it:
2. Pursuant to the existing normative documents of the Russian Federation’s Ministry of Public Health and Social Development, babies left without parental care will be sent to children's homes of the public health system.
3. Children received from maternity homes, families and hospitals will be sent directly to a quarantine (isolation) department, where the necessary medical, health-improving and educational activities are conducted with due regard paid to the children’s ages.
4.Children suffering from severe infectious or skin diseases and other diseases requiring hospital treatment will not be placed in a children’s home. Children left without parental care must stay in a hospital for medical and not social reasons.
5. However, according to data for late 2006 from the Russian regions, there is evidence that 280 children (of different ages) left without parental care were kept in hospitals without medical reasons for a period of eight days to two months. That was due to lengthy preparation of the necessary legal documents and to a lack of accommodation in the educational system's boarding houses and in a number of children's homes.
6. Registration of children in a children’s home requires, in addition to medical documents, papers confirming the absence of parents or the inability of the parents to bring up their children: A certificate of death of the parents (or of the mother), the relevant ruling of a law court, a paper certifying abandonment of the baby by the parents, the parents' written consent to the adoption of the child by someone (their renunciation of their parental rights), etc.
ЛЕКСИКА
В заданиях Л1 – Л3 установите соответствие между английскими и русскими терминами. Запишите в бланке ответов.
Л1
| 1) rural social work 2) psychiatric social work 3) occupational social work 4) police social work 5) preventive social work 6) medical social work 7) school social work 8) gerontological social work 9) clinical social work 10) industrial social work | a) социальная работа по месту занятости b) клиническая социальная работа c) превентивная социальная работа d) психиатрическая социальная работа e) социальная работа в полиции f) социальная работа в сельской местности. g) социальная работа в школе h) социальная работа на производстве i) геронтологическая социальная работа j)социальная работа в медицинских учреждениях |
Л2
| 1) absolute poverty 2) primary poverty 3) relative poverty 4) secondary poverty 5) poverty datum line | a) вторичная бедность b) относительная бедность c) первичная бедность d) горячая линия e) прожиточный минимум f) абсолютная бедность |
Л3
| 1. runaway children 2. exceptional children 3. adultified children 4. stolen children 5. latchkey children | a) исключительные дети b) украденные дети c) дети-инвалиды d) дети-беглецы e) дети, проводящие часть дня без присмотра взрослых f) дети, несущие обязанности, характерные для взрослых людей |
В заданиях Л4 – Л6 выберите синоним к подчеркнутому термину. Запишите в бланке ответов его номер.
Л4
psychiatric social work: 1. hospital social work
2. independent social work
3. clinical social work
Л5
occupational socialwork: 1. industrial social work
2. international social work
3. voluntary social work
Л6
poverty datum line: 1. standard of living
2. minimum standard of living
3. standard of well-being
В заданиях Л7 – Л10 выберите правильный термин к данному определению. Запишите в бланке ответов его номер.
Л7
| 1. | street work… | …is oriented to helping people who live in agricultural areas. |
| 2. | rural social work… | |
| 3. | youth social work … |
Л8
| 1. | medical social worker … | … works closely with families and children to identify their needs. |
| 2. | family supportworker … | |
| 3. | school social worker … |
Л9
| 1. | relative poverty … | … is used to demonstrate the poverty by referring to the cultural needs. |
| 2. | absolute poverty … | |
| 3. | primary poverty … |
Л10
| 1. | drug abuse … | … is a disorder related to the unhealthy use of alcohol or drugs. |
| 2. | substance abuse … | |
| 3. | alcohol abuse … |
Литература
1. Barker R. The Social Work D