Put the sentences in the order they appear in the text.
| 1. | Antimicrobials that act against bacteria include antibiotics and sulfonamides (sulfa drugs). | |
| 2. | For example, the antiviral drug zidovudine is used in the treatment of AIDS. | |
| 3. | Medications are divided into over-the-counter drugs (OTC) which are available without special restrictions, and prescription only medicines (POM), which must be prescribed by a licensed medical practitioner. | |
| 4. | A large dose of penicillin or certain other antibiotics kills disease-causing bacteria. | |
| 5. | Vasodilators relax the muscles of the vessel walls, vasoconstrictors constrict muscle fibers around the blood vessel opening. | |
| 6. | Anticancer drugs, such as methotrexate and prednisone, are examples of laboratory-synthesized drugs. | |
| 7. | Vitamins are necessary for body functioning. | |
| 8. | These chemical substances can come from many different sources. | |
| 9. | Drugs that affect blood pressure are vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. | |
| 10. | Aspirin is the widely used anticoagulant. |
Match the words from the text with their definitions (a-h).
• bacteria 1 ____ • treatment 2 ____ • classification 3 ___ • laboratory 4 ____ • coagulate 5 ____ • dose 6 ____ • cancer 7 ____ • dispense 8 ____
a) prepare and distribute medicines, to administer
b) room or building where scientific work and research is carried out
c) amount of medicine, radiation, etc.
d) the application of drugs to a patient
e) abnormal and uncontrollable growth of the cells of living organisms, esp. a malignant tumor
f) organization of knowledge into categories
g) change from a liquid to partially solid state, to clot
h) microscopic unicellular organism
Writing
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
| treatment classified prevent pharmacy antacids drug synthesized active potent antihistamines |
1. Drugs may be classified by the chemical type of the __________ ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition.
2. __________ block the action of histamine.
3. For example, __________ (aluminum hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate) neutralize acid in digestive system.
4. Drugs are chemical substances used in medicine in the __________ of diseases.
5. There are many __________ classifications in the modern pharmacology.
6. Drugs that affect the heart, blood pressure and __________ blood clotting are known as cardiovascular drugs.
7. Drugs can be made from chemical substances which are __________ in the laboratory.
8. Each drug can be __________ into one or more drug classes.
9. Drugs are dispensed and stored in an area known as a __________.
10. Some drugs are __________ and can be dangerous if taken in an overdose.
6. Are these statements true (T), false (F)? Write true sentences.
1. Drugs are dispensed and stored in a pharmacy.(T/F)
__________
__________
2. Drugs are made from chemical substances synthesized only in the laboratory.(T/F)
__________
__________
3.Neuropharmacological drugs act on the digestive system. (T/F)
__________
__________
4. Antimicrobials that act against bacteria include antibiotics and diuretics. (T/F)
____
____
5. Drugs are chemical substances used in medicine in the treatment of diseases. (T/F)
____
____
6. All drugs must be prescribed by a licensed medical practitioner.(T/F)
____
____
7. Anticancer drugs (methotrexate and prednisone) are laboratory-synthesized drugs. (T/F)
____
____
8. A small dose of penicillin kills disease-causing bacteria. (T/F)
____
____
Speaking
Read the text again. Answer these questions.
1. What is drug?
____
____
2. How are drugs classified?
__________
__________
3. What can drugs come from?
__________
__________
4. What drugs are used to kill or help to prevent multiplication of bacteria or viruses that infect the body?
__________
__________
5. Which way are sulfa drugs prepared?
__________
__________
6. What drugs can produce a positive effect on the heart?
__________
__________
7. How do antibiotics act?
__________
__________
8. What change do vasodilators trigger in the human blood pressure?
__________
__________
9. What are OTC drugs and POM?
__________
__________
10. When do the doctors prescribe vitamins?
__________
__________
8. What facts can you present to your group about:
drug classification, over-the-counter medications, antimicrobials, disease-causing microorganisms, diuretics, cancer, penicillin, vitamins?
Date _______________________ Signature _____________________
Self-study section №3: “Administration of drugs”
Warm-up