Уровень доказательности стратегий по уменьшению риска послеоперационных легочных осложнений

Стратегии Уровень Исследуемые послеоперационные легочные осложнения
Маневры дыхательной гимнастики и экспансии легких А Ателектазы, пневмония, бронхит, тяжелая гипоксемия
Селективная послеоперационная декомпрессия желудка В Ателектазы, пневмония, аспирация
Применение коротких релаксантов В Ателектазы, пневмония,
Лапароскопия С Спирометрия, ателектазы, пневмония, послеоперационные легочные осложнения в целом
Отказ от курения I Послеоперационная ИВЛ
Нейроаксиальные блокады I Пневмония, послеоперационная гипоксия, острая дыхательная недостаточность
Послеоперационная эпидуральная аналгезия I Ателектазы, пневмония, острая дыхательная недостаточность
Иммунонутриция I ПОЛО в целом, пневмония, острая дыхательная недостаточность
Рутинное полное энтеральное и парентеральное питание D Ателектазы, пневмония, эмпиема, острая дыхательная недостаточность
Катетеризация полостей сердца D Пневмония
A – хорошая доказательность снижения риска и соотношения польза/вред B – средняя доказательность снижения риска и соотношения польза/вред C - средняя доказательность снижения риска, но соотношение польза/вред неочевидно для создания рекомендаций D – средняя доказательность отсутствия снижения риска или вред превышает пользу I – доказательства противоречивы, недостаточно полные исследования, исследования плохого качества или соотношение польза/вред не определено.

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