Metabolism of proteins & amino acids. General pathways of amino acids

1. Name the products of tyrosine putrefaction

A. phenol and cresol

B. ornithine and oxyproline

C. scatol and indol

D. methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulphide

E. scatol and phenol

2. Matching

Match the following site of protein digestion with corresponding proteolytic enzymes

The place of synthesis Enzymes

1. stomach A. pepsin

2. small intestine B. trypsin

C. carboxypeptidase

D. chymotrypsin

3. Name the characteristic of glutamic acid

A. diaminomonocarbonic, glyco-ketogenic, non-essential

B. monoaminomonocarbonic, essential, ketogenic

C. monoaminodicarbonic, essential, ketogenic

D. monoaminodicarbonic, non-essential, glycogenic

E. monoaminomonocarbonic, glycogenic, non-essential

4. S-adenosylmethionine takes part in the reaction of

A. hydroxylation

B. methylation

C. carboxylation

D. phosphorylation

E. acetylation

5. All characteristics of ornithine are true except

A. it takes part in detoxification of ammonia

B. it is not included in proteins

C. it is a mono-amino mono-carboxylic acid

D. in neutral medium ornithine has positive charge

6. Matching

Match the following substrates of decarboxylation reaction with their products

Substrates Products

1. Aspartate A. αalanine

2. Glutamate B. phenylacetic acid

3. 5-hydroxytryptophan C. histamine

D. gamma-aminobutyric acid

E. serotonine

7. Matching

Match the following substrates of oxidative deamination reaction with their products

substratesproducts

1. Aspartate A. αketoglutarate

2. Phenylalanine B. pyruvate

3. Alanine C. oxaloacetate

D. phenylpyruvate

E. α-ketobutyric acid

8. Matching

Match the following amino acids with their products in the process of putrefaction

1. Lysine A. phenol and cresol

2. Tyrosine B. indole and skatole

C. cadaverine

D. putrescine

E. skatole and phenol

9. Matching

Match the following amino acids with their products in the process of putrefaction

1. Tryptophan A. phenol and cresol

2. Ornithine B. indole and skatole

C. cadaverine

D. phenol and indol

E. putrescine

10. Matching

Match the following zymogenes with the types of their activation

Zymogenes Activation types

1. Pepsinogen A. HCl and autocatalysis

2. Trypsinogen B. autocatalysis only

3. Chymotrypsinogen C. enterokinase and autocatalysis

D. ttrypsin only

E. H₃PO₄

11. Name the biologic functions of hydrochloric acid

A. activation of pepsinogen

B. provision for optimal ph of pepsin in gastric juce

C. denaturation of food proteins

D. bactericidal action

E. all of the above mentioned

12. Pepsin exerts a fast cleavage of protein endo-peptide bonds formed mainly by the carboxyl groups of

A. phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan

B. histidine, valine, threonine

C. serine, glycine, alanine

D. lysine, methionine, arginine

E. all of the abovementioned

13. Name the possible pathways of amino acids consumption in the liver

A. synthesis of the blood coagulation factors

B. synthesis of non-proteinic nitrogenous compounds

C. synthesis of carbohydrates

D. synthesis of lipids

E. oxidation of amino acids to the end products

F. all of the abovementioned

14. Name the common product of all deamination types

A. ammonia

B. fatty acids

C. hydroxy acids

D. alphaketo acids

E. unsaturated acids

F. all of the abovementioned

15. Name the enzyme taking part in transdeamination reaction

A. glutamate dehydrogenase

B. aspartate dehydrogenase

C. pyruvate dehydrogenase

D. succinate dehydrogenase

E. glutamate decarboxylase

16. Matching

Match the following substrates of decarboxylation reaction with their products

Substrates of decarboxylation Products

1. Glutamate A. αketoglutarate

2. Aspartate B. gammaaminobutyric acid

C. serotonine

D. histamine

E. bettaalanine

17. Matching

Match the following enzymes with their catalysed reactions

EnzymesReactions

1. Aspartate aminotransferase A. Aspartate + α-ketoglutarate oxaloacetate

+ glutamate

2. Alanine aminotransferase B. Alanine + oxaloacetate →

pyruvate + aspartate

C. Alanine → pyruvate

D. Glutamate → γ-aminobutyric acid

E. Aspartate → oxaloacetate

18. Matching

Match the following states of nitrogen balance with corresponding physiologic and pathologic situations

1. positive nitrogen balance A. young growing organism

2. negative nitrogen balance B. female organism in pregnancy

3. nitrogen equilibrium C. in starvation

D. in protein deficiency

E. healthy adult organism

19. Name the class of enzyme catalysing deamination reaction

A. isomerases

B. transferases

C. oxydoreductases

D. lyases

E. ligases

Ammonia detoxification

1. Cycle metabolite of urea shown in the figure

A. argininosuccinate

B. arginine

C. aspartate

D. carbamoyl-phosphate

E. ornithine

2. Indicatethe right answer

Cycle metabolite of urea shown in the figure

A. arginine

B. citrulline

F. carbamoyl-phosphate

C. argininosuccinate

D. fumarate

3. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite of urea shown in thefigure

A. argininosuccinate

B. carbamoyl-phosphate

C. aspartate

D. urea

E. citrulline

4. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite of urea shown in thefigure

A. citrulline

B. fumarate

C. ornithine

D. aspartate

E. argininosuccinate

5. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite of urea shown in the figure

A. citrulline

B. fumarate

C. carbamoyl-phosphate

D. urea

E. argininosuccinate

6. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite of urea shown in the figure

A. citrulline

B. arginine

C. carbamoyl-phosphate

D. aspartate

E. argininosuccinate

7. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite of urea shown in thefigure

A. citrulline

B. arginine

C. carbamoyl-phosphate

D. aspartate

E. argininosuccinate

8. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite of urea shown inthe figure

A. ornithine

B. arginine

C. carbamoyl-phosphate

D. urea

E. argininosuccinate

9. Indicate the stage of the cycle with the action of urea ornitine carbamoyltransferase

10. Indicatethe stage of the cycle with the action of urea argininosuccinate synthetase

11.Indicate the stage of the cycle with the action of urea argininosuccinate lyase

12. Indicate the stages of urea cycle with the action of arginase

13. Name the amino acids produced as a result of α-keto- acid reductive amination of

1. α-ketoglutarate A. serine

2. pyruvate B. alanine

3. oxaloacetate C. glutamic acid

D. lysine

E. aspartic acid

F. valine

14. Ammonia is produced by

A. deamination of amino acids

B. deamination of biogenic amines

C. deamination of purine bases

D. deamination of amino acids amides

E. all of the above mentioned

15. How many ATP molecules are required to produce one urea molecule?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

E. 5

16. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite of urea carbamoyl-phosphate

17. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite of urea citrulline

18. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite aspartateof urea

19. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite argininosuccinateof urea

20. Indicate theright answer

Cycle metabolite fumarateof urea

21. Indicate theright answer

Cycle metabolitearginineof urea

22. Indicate the right answer

The metabolite ofurea cycle

23. Indicate the right answer

Cycle metabolite ornithine of urea

24.Indicate the right answer

The enzyme which catalyzes the given reaction of urea cycle

ornitine carbamoyltransferase

A. argininosuccinate synthetase

B. argininosuccinate lyase

C. arginase

D. carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

25. Indicate the right answer

The enzyme which catalyzes the given reaction of urea cycle

A. ornitine carbamoyltransferase

B. argininosuccinate synthetase

C. argininosuccinate lyase

D. arginase

E. carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

26. Indicate the right answer

The enzyme which catalyzes the given reaction of urea cycle

A. ornitine carbamoyltransferase

B. argininosuccinate synthetase

C. argininosuccinate lyase

D. arginase

E. carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

27. Indicate the right answer

The enzyme which catalyzes the given reaction of urea cycle

A. ornitine carbamoyltransferase

B. argininosuccinate synthetase

C. argininosuccinate lyase

D. arginase

E. carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

28. Indicate the right answer to fill in the missing word

The enzymes catalyze this reaction of urea cycle

Ornithine Citrulline

A. ornitine carbamoyltransferase

B. argininosuccinate synthetase

C. argininosuccinate lyase

D. arginase

E. aarbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

29. Indicate the right answer to fill in the missing word

The enzymes catalyze this reaction of urea cycle

Citrulline Argininosuccinate

A. ornitine carbamoyltransferase

B. argininosuccinate synthetase

C. argininosuccinate lyase

D. arginase

E. arbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

30. Indicate the right answer to fill in the missing word

The enzymes catalyze this reaction of urea cycle

Argininosuccinate arginine

A. ornitine carbamoyltransferase

B. argininosuccinate synthetase

C. argininosuccinate lyase

D. arginase

E. carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

31. Indicate the right answer to fill in the missing word

The enzymes catalyze this reaction of urea cycle

Arginine Ornithine

A. ornitine carbamoyltransferase

B. argininosuccinate synthetase

C. argininosuccinate lyase

D. arginase

E. carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

32. Reductive amination proceeds mainly with the use of

A. α-ketoglutarate

B. pyruvate

C. oxaloacetate

D. acetone

E. α-ketobutyrate

33. Name the enzyme, which defect result in hyperargininemia

A. оrnitine carbamoyltransferase

B. аrgininosuccinate synthetase

C. аrgininosuccinate lyase

D. аrginase

E. сarbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

34. Name the enzyme, which defect result incitrullinemia

A. ornitine carbamoyltransferase

B. argininosuccinate synthetase

C. argininosuccinate lyase

D. arginase

E. carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

35. Name the enzyme, which defect result inargininosuccinic aciduria

A. ornitine carbamoyltransferase

B. argininosuccinate synthetase

C. argininosuccinate lyase

D. arginase

E. carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

36. Name the enzyme, which defect result inhyperammoniemia

A. ornitine carbamoyltransferase

B. argininosuccinate synthetase

C. argininosuccinate lyase

D. arginase

E. carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

37. Name the metabolite which binds cytric acid cycle with urea cycle

A. malate

B. citrate

C. oxaloacetate

D. fumarate

E. succinate

38. The mechanism of ammonia neutralization includes

A. production of urea

B. reductive amination

C. production of amino acids amides

D. production of ammonia salts

E. all of the above mentioned

39. Argininosuccinate splits by argininosuccinate lyase to produce arginine and

A. fumarate

B. urea

C. ornithine

D. asparagine

E. lysine

40. In the liver urea is formed from

A. ammonia and carbon monoxide

B. ammonia and carbon dioxide

C. ammonia and hydrochloric acid

D. ammonia and phosphate

E. all of the abovementioned

41. Name the sources for urea molecule atoms

A. H₂O, NH₃, CO₂, aspartate

B. NH₃, H₃PO₄, CO₂, glutamate

C. aspartate, glutamate, NH, CO,

D. H₂O, H₃PO₄, NH₃, aspartate

E. CO₂, H₂O, aspartate, ATP

42.The source of ammonia in the body is not

A. amino

B. urea

C. biogenic amines

D. purine bases

E. cytosine

43.Indicate the rightanswer

Carbamoylphosphateis located

A. In the mitochondria

B. In the lysosomes

C. In the cytoplasm

D. In the Golgi

E. In the endoplasmic reticulum

44. Alanine is synthesized from pyruvate with the participation of

A. vitamine B₆

B. vitamine B₅

C. vitamine B₃

D. vitamine B₂

E. vitamine B₇

45. The mechanism of ammonia neutralization includes

A. production of urea

B. reductive amination

C. production of amino acids amides

D. production of ammonia salts

E. all of the abovementioned