Fill in the gaps with words and word combinations from the list

React, brand name, magnesium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, Helicobacter pylori, antacids

1. _________, produced in the stomach, is important for digestion.

2. ___________ help relieve or prevent pain associated with peptic ulcers by neutralizing this acid.

3. Antacids__________ with acids to form more neutral compounds that do not irritate peptic ulcers.

4. Commonly used antacids include such ___________ products as Maalox and Mylanta.

5. Antacids that contain__________ can cause diarrhea, while those with ________ can cause constipation.

6. Extensive use of antacids that contain___________ can cause too

much calcium to accumulate in the body.

7. Antibiotics are being increasingly used when the bacterium __________ is the major underlying cause of ulcers.

II. Fill in the prepositions from the list. One preposition should be used twice.

Without, to, by, in

1. ... relieving irritation, antacids also can help promote healing of the ulcers.

2. These drugs cause few serious side effects, so they are now avail­able ... a prescription.

3. Omeprazole and lansoprazole promote healing ... a greater percent­age of people ... a shorter period of time than H-2 antagonists do.

4. Hydrochloric acid, produced in the stomach, is important ... di­gestion.

III. Match each word from column A with its opposite from column B.

A	В
1. important	a. to disapprove
2. to relieve	b. to hinder
3. to prevent	c. rarely
4. to promote	d. to permit
5. commonly	e. to diffuse
6. to recommend	f. to aggravate
7. to accumulate	g. minor
8. to inhibit	h. to enable

IV. Answer the following questions.

1. When can hydrochloric acid cause pain in the stomach?

2. How do antacids help relieve or prevent pain associated with pep­tic ulcers?

3. What do antacids contain?

4. Is a doctor's prescription necessary to purchase antacids? Why?

5. What problems may result from the long-term use of antacids?

6. How can H-2 antagonists promote ulcer healing?

7. What drugs can completely inhibit acid secretion?

8. When are antibiotics prescribed?

V. Correct the statements below.

1. People take antibiotics to stop the pain of heartburn and indiges­tion.

2. Antacid products irritate peptic ulcers.

3. Antacids come in the form of injections.

4. Turns, another common antacid, contains a compound of calci­um, that's why it is helpful for ulcer treatment.

5. H-2 antagonists cause many serious side effects.

6. Omeprazole and lansoprazole are more effective than H-2 antago­nists.

7. Antibiotics aren't usually prescribed in combination with other drugs.

Drugs that overcome infection preventing it.

Препарати, що долають інфекцію попереджаючи її.

1. Засвоєння базового лексико-граматичного матеріалу з теми;

2. Комп’ютерний переклад іншомовної інформації. Посткомп’ютерне редагування перекладу;

3. Обґрунтування доцільності профілактичних заходів щодо низки хвороб.

Lead-in

I. The suffixes in the following list are used to form nouns that refer to an activity, a process, a state or a condition. Look at the list of nouns formed from them. Fill in the noun, verb, or adjective from which they have been formed in the space provided. The first one has been done for you.

Suffix	Verb/noun/adjective	Noun formed
-age	Drain	drainage
-ance		assistance
-cy		malignancy
-dom		wisdom
-ence		interference
-hood		childhood
-ion		examination
-ism		alcoholism
-ness		illness
-ship		apprenticeship

II. Learn the following words.

rabies – сказ;

worms – черви;

protozoans – найпростіші;

multiply – розмножуватись;

boil - нарив, фурункул;

chickenpox – вітрянка;

measles– кір;

mumps - свинка;

rubella – краснуха.

ІІІ. Guess the meaning of the following words.

Bacteria, viruses, infections, microorganisms, human, pathogens, cells, reproduction, produce, million, result, pneumonia, tuberculosis, microscopes, materials, influenza, to identify, hepatitis, polio, epi­demic, pandemic, malaria

IV. Match the words with the definitions.

1. boil	a. a very dangerous disease that affects dogs and other animals, and that you can catch if you are bitten by an infected animal
2. measles	b. legless parasites that may live in the bodies of people or animals and eat their food or their blood
3. to multiply	c. a very small living thing that has only one cell
4. rabies	d. to breed
5. chickenpox	e. a painful infected swelling under someone's skin
6. protozoans	f. an infectious illness which causes a slight fever and spots on your skin
7. worms	g. an infectious illness in which you have a fever and small red spots on your face and body. People often have this disease when they are children.
8. rubella	h. an infectious illness which makes your neck swell and become painful
9. mumps	i. an infectious disease that causes red spots on your body, and can damage an unborn child

V. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1. If vets can get close enough, they will test the animal for rabies.

2. We will not accept any weakening of our rabies prevention safe­guards.

3. Worms can spread much faster than viruses.

4. These worms grow to an average length of about 1 meter and a diameter of 2 centimeters.

5. Another parasitic protozoan is Myxobolus, this one causing fatal internal cysts and highly resistant to treatment.

6. There are about 10000 species of protozoans.

7. Bacteria multiply quickly in warm food.

8. The boy's body is covered in boils.

9. I caught influenza along with the chickenpox.

10. Justin was in the hospital under observation after he contracted chickenpox and a cough.

11. Scarlet fever, mumps, chickenpox, and whooping cough floated in the air.

12. An epidemic of measles, mumps or rubella is now possible.

13. The vaccine is used to immunize children against measles, mumps and rubella.

14. Cytomegalovirus is a less well-known infection which affects con­siderably greater numbers of babies than rubella.

Reading

Infectious Diseases

Infections are the most common type of disease. Many kinds of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms can invade the human body and cause diseases. Disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens. Pathogens take over some of the body's cells and tissues and use them for their own growth and reproduction. In the process, they damage or destroy the cells and tissues and so produce diseases.

Infectious diseases can be grouped according to the kind of patho­gen that causes them. Bacteria and viruses are the most common pathogens. But fungi, protozoans, and worms also can cause infectious invasive diseases.

Bacterial diseases. Bacteria are microscopic, one-celled organisms. They rank among the most widespread of all living things. A single grain of soil may contain more than 100 million bacteria.

Most bacterial diseases result when bacteria multiply rapidly in the living tissue, damaging or killing it. Boils and carbuncles result from the multiplication of bacteria in the skin. Bacterial pneumonia occurs when bacteria invade the lungs and multiply there. Many other serious diseases, including tuberculosis, result from bacterial multiplication.

Viral diseases. Viruses are smaller than bacteria. They are so tiny that scientists can see them only by means of powerful electron micro­scopes. By itself, a virus seems to be a lifeless particle. But after a virus invades a living cell, it uses materials in the cell to reproduce. As a virus multiplies, it damages or destroys the cell. If a number of cells become infected, a disease results.

Viruses cause many common diseases, including chickenpox, measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). Viruses are also re­sponsible for influenza and the common cold. In fact, scientists have identified more than 100 different viruses that cause the common cold. Most cases of diarrhea and vomiting result from viral infections. Viruses also cause many serious diseases, including hepatitis, polio, rabies, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). The virus that causes AIDS destroys the immune system's ability to function properly. As a result, people infected with the virus become susceptible to certain illnesses that do not normally occur or that normally are not serious. Many people with AIDS die from these illnesses.

Other infectious diseases can be caused by fungi, protozoans, and worms that live in or on the human body. These pathogens obtain food by breaking down body tissues or by absorbing digested food from the intestines. These pathogens produce diseases ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening internal disorders.

Spread of infectious diseases. Most infectious diseases are commu­nicable — that is, they can spread from person to person. Occasionally, an infectious disease becomes highly contagious and sweeps through a community. This condition is called an epidemic. When an epidemic occurs at several places throughout the world at the same time, it is called a pandemic. Such an outbreak took place during the winter of 1918—1919, when influenza swept the world, killing about 20 million people. Some infectious diseases are always present in a particular geographic region. Such diseases are said to be endeipic in that region. For example, malaria is endemic throughout much of Africa.

Language development