Opportunity to (stay on and/to) do research

D. What are you going to do next year?

I've applied to do research but I won't know whether I’ve been

Accepted or not until the end of the month.

To be engaged in research (on/in/into smth.)

This has the same meaning as to do researchbut is confined to formal style and is not used in the sense of to be a research student.

E. At the moment Professor Harris is engaged on (important)

Research on juvenile delinquency.

To carry out research (on/in/into smth.)

This is sometimes used as an alternative to to be engaged inresearch. It is also formal style.

Research work

This is sometimes used in such sentences as:

F. He wants to devote more time to his research work.

However, researchalone is quite enough in such cases.

Research worker

This means someone doing research, usually full-time, not in combination with teaching.

Researcher is used in the sense of anyone doing research, whether a full-time research worker or, for example, a university teacher who also does research.

Research student—a postgraduate, that is, someone doing research under the direction of a supervisor(AmE advisor)— “(научный) руководитель”.

Research fellow/fellowship

A research fellow is a postgraduate who has been awarded a research fellowship, meaning a special scholarship to do research for a certain period. Research fellows often do some teaching as well.

Research subject / topic—a subject on which one is doing research, often one for a thesis.

research establishment / organization / institute, etc.

The field of research can be specified in one of the following ways:

scientific research—in the natural sciences

medical / linguistic / historical / educational research, etc.

industrial research—research directly for industry, in contrast to academic research in a university or similar institution.

Research establishments

Research establishment and research organisation are general terms. Particular establishments or organisations are called by one of the following names:

research institute—the most common

The Grasslands Research Institute

for Soil Research

The Institute of Cancer Research

Of Historical Research

Research centre

The Clinical Research Centre

Research station

The Forest Research Station

(research) unit

The Unit of Plant Physiology

Unit tends to imply a smaller section within some larger
establishment.

(research) laboratory

The Road Research Laboratory

Government research establishments are generally grouped together in research associations, each governed by a research council.

The Agricultural/Medical Research Council

Research worker, as mentioned above, is a general term. Research workers at British universities are divided into two grades, usually called research associates and senior research associates. Some institutions use assistantinstead of associate: research assistant and senior researchassistant. In institutions which have both research associates and research assistants, research associates are more senior.

Another variation, used mainly in government research establishments for science and technology, is experimental officerand senior experimental officer.

When stating the profession of someone doing full-time research in the natural sciences, one can use the expressions research scientist, or the more specific research biologist/chemist/physicist.

He's a research scientist

Biologist / chemist / physicist.

There are no generally-used equivalents for the humanities.

Наука

When наукаrefers only to the natural sciences, the word science can be used without ambiguity. Scienceis also used when the particular branch is specified, for example:

Естественные науки—natural science or the natural sciences