Opportunity to (stay on and/to) do research
D. What are you going to do next year?
I've applied to do research but I won't know whether I’ve been
Accepted or not until the end of the month.
To be engaged in research (on/in/into smth.)
This has the same meaning as to do researchbut is confined to formal style and is not used in the sense of to be a research student.
E. At the moment Professor Harris is engaged on (important)
Research on juvenile delinquency.
To carry out research (on/in/into smth.)
This is sometimes used as an alternative to to be engaged inresearch. It is also formal style.
Research work
This is sometimes used in such sentences as:
F. He wants to devote more time to his research work.
However, researchalone is quite enough in such cases.
Research worker
This means someone doing research, usually full-time, not in combination with teaching.
Researcher is used in the sense of anyone doing research, whether a full-time research worker or, for example, a university teacher who also does research.
Research student—a postgraduate, that is, someone doing research under the direction of a supervisor(AmE advisor)— “(научный) руководитель”.
Research fellow/fellowship
A research fellow is a postgraduate who has been awarded a research fellowship, meaning a special scholarship to do research for a certain period. Research fellows often do some teaching as well.
Research subject / topic—a subject on which one is doing research, often one for a thesis.
research establishment / organization / institute, etc.
The field of research can be specified in one of the following ways:
scientific research—in the natural sciences
medical / linguistic / historical / educational research, etc.
industrial research—research directly for industry, in contrast to academic research in a university or similar institution.
Research establishments
Research establishment and research organisation are general terms. Particular establishments or organisations are called by one of the following names:
research institute—the most common
The Grasslands Research Institute
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for Soil Research
The Institute of Cancer Research
Of Historical Research
Research centre
The Clinical Research Centre
Research station
The Forest Research Station
(research) unit
The Unit of Plant Physiology
Unit tends to imply a smaller section within some larger
establishment.
(research) laboratory
The Road Research Laboratory
Government research establishments are generally grouped together in research associations, each governed by a research council.
The Agricultural/Medical Research Council
Research worker, as mentioned above, is a general term. Research workers at British universities are divided into two grades, usually called research associates and senior research associates. Some institutions use assistantinstead of associate: research assistant and senior researchassistant. In institutions which have both research associates and research assistants, research associates are more senior.
Another variation, used mainly in government research establishments for science and technology, is experimental officerand senior experimental officer.
When stating the profession of someone doing full-time research in the natural sciences, one can use the expressions research scientist, or the more specific research biologist/chemist/physicist.
He's a research scientist
Biologist / chemist / physicist.
There are no generally-used equivalents for the humanities.
Наука
When наукаrefers only to the natural sciences, the word science can be used without ambiguity. Scienceis also used when the particular branch is specified, for example:
Естественные науки—natural science or the natural sciences