Text B. Three Dimensions of Land Conservation

Land conservation plays an important role in farming. The further intensification of agricultural production needs a strong land resource base. The conservation of land resources is realized within three dimensions — physical, economic, and legal. The land use planning both infarm and interfarm has to deal with these three dimensions.

The physical dimension of land conservation is concerned with what is possible in terms of land uses. It includes the kinds of plants needed for land conservation, the yields of various plants, cultivation methods, applications of water and ferti­lizers and the rates of applying them.

Land conservation has a wide range of various practices, such as contouring, strip cropping and mulching. It often needs capital investment in such workings as terracing and water-retention structures. The planners have to investigate the effects of these workings on crop yields, run-off, erosion, siltation, infiltration, and the like.

The range of possibilities of land conservation is being extended constantly through research and developments in science and technology. But before the recommendations are made the planners consider the economic dimensions of pro­posed measures. The economic dimensions of land conserva­tion are constantly changing through the changes in scientif­ic and technological progress. They include cost-benefit ana­lysis, the amount of present and long-term benefits, costs of productive factors, and relationship between labor and capital needed to provide land conservation.

Finally, attention is given to legal dimensions of land conservation. The legal dimensions consist of a set of rules and laws concerning land conservation.

The land use planner should be aware of all laws and rules which are reflected in the Land Code. Legal provisions of land conservation should be further developed, particularly concerning the conserva­tion of prime or unique lands which are of crucial importance to agriculture. The three dimensions of land conservation must be con­sidered and implemented through a sound land use plan.

It is hard to overestimate the economic effects of land con­servation. Land conservation provides for additional farm production which is usually large enough to off-set the added costs on land improvement.

IV. Определите без словаря значения следующих словосочетаний:

in contrast; State Land Use Control; primitive methods; human activities; black earth; cultivation methods; an important role; intensification of agricultural production; the yields of various plants

V. Прочтите предложения. В данных предложениях определите функции причастий настоящего времени. Переведите предло­жения на русский язык:

1. This department is studying the problems of land con­servation. 2. The professor is speaking on land problems and underlining the importance of land conservation. 3. By ap­plying scientific and technological methods our specialists try to improve soil productivity. 4. Trying primitive methods man has long dreamed of land conservation. 5. Having planned reclamation measures the collective farmers have given renewed life to a vast area of land. 6. The earth over the de­posits is removed and stored in its original pattern depending on the degree of its use in agriculture.

VI. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

land use control; productive capacity of land; excessive cultivation; iron-ore deposits; reclaimed fields; future generation; partially usable earth; life-giving black earth

VII. Образуйте причастия настоящего времени от данных ниже гла­голов. Употребите 2-3 из них в коротких предложениях:

to secure, to control, to discourage, to prevent, to leach, to cultivate, to make, to provide, to endow, to create, to rep­resent, to remove, to store, to graze

VIII.Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. "Conserve" is in ... to "destroy" or "waste". 2. The util­ization of land resources is ... by the State Land Use Control service. 3. Excessive cultivation and excessive grazing usual­ly ... the natural land cover. 4. Land conservation is the prime .... of the Government. 5. The fertility of land must be ... and increased by wise land use. 6. Land use planners ... many different environmental problems.

IX. Переведите с русского языка на английский:

1. Говоря об охране почв, необходимо прежде всего точ­но определить, какие мероприятия следует проводить и в каком порядке. 2. Большая полезная работа по рекульти­вации земель проводится в Украине. 3. На восстановлен­ных землях при правильном их использовании можно до­биться высоких урожаев. 4. Для землеустроителя чрезвы­чайно важно учитывать все экономические факторы в систе­ме.

X. Определите, какими частями речи являются выделенные слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1.То conserve land is the main task of all the generations, present and future. 2. Landconservation means extremely wise utilization of land resources. 3. Byconserving land re­sources we increase the wealth of our nation. 4.Dreamingof land conservation man tried many primitive methods of land preservation. 5. Man'sdream of land conservation is now coming true. 6. Excessive grazingdestroys the natural land cover. 7.Destroying the natural land cover by overgrazing we increase the danger of soil erosion.

LESSON 14. SOIL RESOURCES

I. Выучите новую лексику урока:

maintain v содержать, time v рассчитывать время; назначать время;

поддерживать, сохранять удачно выбиpaть время

abundant а обильныйworsen v ухудшать(ся)

sustain v поддерживать,irreparable а непоправимый,

подкреплять невозвратимый

deterioration п порча, ухудшение destructive a разрушительный,

rapid а быстрый, скорый вредный

safeguard v 1. охранять, защищать;occur v случаться, происходить

2. гарантировать, обеспечивать recurrent а периодический,

повторяющийся

II. Прочтите и переведите текст: