Text. Soil Assessment and Land Evaluation.

Land use planning calls for a more broad understanding of numerous factors that influence land uses. The planners have to consider and plan the economic returns. They must know all the factors that influence the proper, sound and wise land uses. They are to understand the response of land as the main factor of farm production to varying input com­binations of capital and labour.

The great differences which exist in land productivity result in incomes. Through an objective comparative and economic assessment of land resources land use planners reveal the differences between land parcels.

Land economic evaluation serves as a basis for application of modern science and technology in farming.

Soil assessment, land quality and productivity evaluation, economic evaluation of land and registration of land uses are the main concepts of land cadastre.

The comparative evaluation of soil, for example, as re­gards their natural productivity is known as soil assessment. The rating of the natural soil properties influencing yields is the aim of soil assessment. The land use planners consider the factors which determine both the potential and actual fertility. Land productivity evaluation embraces various factors such as soil, climate, geographic location, etc. These factors affect strongly the final economic results.

Soil assessment is the first stage in evaluating land. The next stage is land productivity evaluation which is, in fact, a correction of soil assessment by coefficients for climate, humidity, etc. The economic evaluation of land comes as a final, concluding stage of the complete evaluation of land as a means of production.

Soil assessment and land productivity evaluation are both characterized by a comparatively great stability as compared to the economic evaluation of land. Due to the fact that it is based on economic indices the economic land evaluation can vary from year to year to a considerable extent. The economic land evaluation is subject to considerable fluctua­tion.

The use of calculated yields of crops is rather common for all the methods of land evaluation. A common feature of the approach to land evaluation is the combining of 1 and evaluation and land supply. A general concept, known as "land cadastre" gives expression to that relation which is, in fact, both qua­litative and quantitative assessment of land used in agricul­ture.

Soil assessment and land productivity evaluation are actually valid only at a definite level of technology of crops. The change of crop rotation system and of fertilizer appli­cation, etc., results in a respective change in the evaluation values of soils and ecologic conditions. Therefore it is necessa­ry to repeat economic evaluation of land or correct the existing one by suitable methods.

IV. Определите без словаря значения следующих словосочетаний:

land inventory; land productivity evaluation; economic returns; land resources development; main factor of production; capital and labour; all members of so­ciety; economic measures

V. Употребите глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в нужном времени:

1. The professor says that the cadastre problems (to be discussed) in our group before we go to the conference. 2. He (to work) much before he went to his native town to rest. 3. They (to finish) their experiment when I returned from my business trip. 4. Intensive work (to be done) before we used the method of statistic evaluation successfully. 5. They (to write out) all the unknown words before they began to translate the text. 6. This problem (to study not) by the soil scientist.

VI.Закончите следующие предложения, используя текст :

1.We know the main concepts in the methods used by... . 2. Soil assessment is the first stage... . 3. What is an essential subject of soil...? 4. Land productivity evaluation embraces a complex of .... 5. The first stage in evaluating land is... . 6. Soil assessment is followed by... . 7. Which is a final, concluding stage of land evaluation? It is...

VII. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

soil assessment; property; pro­ductivity of land; ecological conditions; economic measures; geographic location

VIII. Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The planners must know all the ... that influence land uses. 2. In our country we distribute ... among all members of the society. 3. What is a ... for application of definite economic measures to land resources? 4. Soil, climate, geo­graphic location ... strongly the final economic results of land evaluation.

IX. Переведите с русского языка на английский:

1. Почвенный институт имени В. В. Докучаева разработал методику бонитировки почв. 2. Академик С. С. Со­болев определил бонитировку почв как специализирован­ную классификацию почв по их продуктивности. 3. Когда мы решаем проблемы бонитировки почв, мы должны при­нимать во внимание концепции различных ученых, при­родные признаки, урожайность.

X. Определите, какими частями речи являются выделенные слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Thedeserts in the Mid-Asian republics need irrigation. 2. These people hadto desert vast areas of unfertile lands. 3. Please,place that book on the table! 4. This is a very niceplace for our group to rest. 5. Final results are affected by many factors. 6. Your work willresultin a good project.