Non-finite forms of the verb
The Infinitive
1. State the form of the given infinitives.
to be mentioned, to have known, to have been dealt, to be shouting, to have been wanting, to smile, to be dancing, to have been told, to have been travelling, to be asked, to shut, to have said
2. Supply forms according to the task.
a) Give the perfect form of the following infinitives (active voice):
to say, to grow, to get, to have, to prefer, to continue, to sing, to see, to be, to cry, to sleep, to stop
b) Give the continuous form of the following infinitives (perfect and non-perfect, active voice):
to go, to run, to arrive, to study, to cut, to live, to come, to copy, to dye, to tie, to swim, to listen
c) Give the passive form of the following infinitives (perfect and non-perfect):
to write, to give, to prove, to buy, to look for, to bring, to attack, to forget, to take care of, to play, to beat, to ring
d) Give all the possible forms of the following infinitives:
to work, to lie, to carry, to choose, to stand, to show, to lay, to laugh, to smoke, to like, to break, to strike
e) Supply all the missing forms of the following infinitives:
to be done, to have been talking, to have made, to be held, to have been tried, to be leaving, to be spoken of, to have risen, to have been spending, to be selling, to be raised, to ski
3. Build the form of the infinitive according to the description (take any verb that can have the form).
1. The passive non-perfect form.
2. The active perfect continuous form.
3. The active non-perfect continuous form.
4. The passive perfect form.
5. The active non-perfect continuous form.
6. The active perfect non-continuous form.
4. a) Use the infinitive in the non-perfect form of the active or passive voice.
1. I hate (to bother) you, but the man is still waiting (to give) a definite answer.
2. He hated (to bother) with trifling matters when he had many more important questions (to decide).
3. She would never miss a chance (to show) her efficiency, she was so anxious (to like) and (to praise).
4. The idea was too complicated (to express) in just one paragraph. It seemed it would take not less than a page (to put) it into words.
5. Is there anything else (to tell) him? I believe he deserves (to know) how the matter stands and (to tell) all about it.
6. The book is likely (to publish) and (to appear) on sale pretty soon. It is sure (to sell) well and (to sell) out in no time.
7. What he took to writing for was not (to earn) a living but a name. All he wanted was (to read) and not (to forget).
b) Use the infinitive in the required form of the active voice.
1. How fortunate he is (to travel) all over the world and (to see) so much of it.
2. The man appears (to know) practically all European languages; he is said (to learn) them while travelling. 3. The river was reported (to overflow) the banks and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city.
4. The girl pretended (to read) a book and not (to notice) me.
5. You seem (to look) for trouble.
6. It seems (to rain) ever since we came here.
7. It is so thoughtful of you (to book) the tickets well in advance.
8. The committee is said (to revise) the programme and (to work out) a plan of its realization.
c) Use the appropriate form of the infinitive.
1. The man seemed (to study) me and I felt uneasy in his presence.
2. Perhaps it would bother him (to speak) about the quarrel.
3. He is supposed (to work) at. the translation of the book for two years.
4. The only sound (to hear) was the ticking of the grandfather's clock downstairs.
5. The book was believed (to lose) until the librarian happened (to find) it during the inventory. It turned out (to misplace).
6. The strength of the metal proved (to overestimate) by the designer. The engineer claimed (to warn) against its use for the purpose all along as he had been always sure it was likely (to deform) under great load.
7. We seem (to fly) over the sea for quite a time and there is yet no land (to see).
8. Not (to answer) would have been a wrong step.
9. We don't seem (to acquaint), at least I can't remember ever (to meet) him.
10. The third key remained (to test).
5. Translate into English.
1. Я рад, что дал вам эту книгу.
2. Я рад, что мне дали эту книгу.
3. Мы хотим проинформировать вас об этом.
4. Мы хотим, чтобы нас проинформировали об этом.
5. Мы рады, что встретили его на станции.
6. Мы рады, что нас встретили на станции.
7. Они очень довольны, что их пригласили на конференцию.
8. Они очень довольны, что пригласили вас на конференцию.
9. Я не думал прерывать ее.
10. Я не предполагал, что меня прервут.
11. Мне неловко, что я причинил вам столько беспокойства.
12. Он будет счастлив повидаться с вами.
13. Он был счастлив, что повидался с вами.
14. Он, казалось, подыскивал слова, чтобы точнее выразить все, что он хотел сказать.
15. Как ему повезло, что он побывал в такой интересной поездке.
16. Он терпеть не может, когда над ним шутят. Впечатление такое, что он не понимает шуток.
17. Мне пришлось принять его приглашение, так как я знал, что отказаться было бы равносильно обиде или даже оскорблению.
18. Дети любят, когда им рассказывают сказки.
19. Мы притворились, что не заметили его ошибки, чтобы не смущать его.
20. Я вспомнил, что встречал уже этого человека. Мы как-то были вместе в туристском лагере.
21. Вы, кажется, уже давно здесь сидите. Вы ждете кого-нибудь?
6. Use either of the infinitives in brackets, give two variants where possible and explain the difference,
1. We intended (to return, to have returned) by the end of the month.
2. They intend (to revise, to have revised) the draft.
3. a) The sportsmen are expected (to arrive, to have arrived) some days before the competition, b) The sportsmen were expected (to arrive, to have arrived) some days before the competition.
4. a) They were (to come, to have come) by the time, b) Did we not agree that they were (to come, to have come) by the time?
5. I meant (to help, to have helped) him, no offence was meant.
6. I meant (to remind, to have reminded) you of it earlier.
7. You ought (to remember, to have remembered) the date.
8. He should (spare, have spared) her feelings.
9. According to the schedule the plane was (to land, to have landed) long ago.
10. It was (to be, to have been) a non-stop flight, but the plane had to make a forced landing.
7. Insert the particle to where necessary.
1. The brave boy helped the partisans ... find the way to the railway line in the dead of night.
2. He would sooner ... die than ... betray his friends.
3. Suvorov was never known ... retreat.
4. Why not ... start out now? We cannot wait for the weather ... change.
5. Have you ever heard him ... complain of difficulties?
6. He was never heard ... complain of difficulties.
7. You'll be lonely to-morrow. You'd better ... come and ... dine with us.
8. Don't let us ... waste time. There are a hundred thing? ... be done.
9. I have never known him ... do such things.
10. I know him ... have been an actor once.
11. We had better ... make haste.
12. You ought not ... sit up so late.
13. What made you ... think so?
14. "Thanks," Andrew answered, "I'd rather ... see the cases for myself."
15. He was made ... do his work independently.
16. She seems ... know a great deal about music.
17. I thought I would rather ... get to the gallery alone, but I was obliged ... accept his company.
18. ... have gone through what you have gone through is the lot of very few.
19. I'll have him ... tell the truth.
20. Get them .... come as early as possible.
21. All I have now time ... do is ... send them a telegram.
22. There is hardly anything ... do but ... work out an alternative plan.
8. Complete the following using the infinitive as subject with the anticipatoryit.
■ 1. It gives me pleasure ....
2. It will take you ten minutes ... .
3. It is wise of him ....
4. It does people a lot of good ....
5. It won't do you any harm ....
6. It was natural ....
7. It has become his habit ....
8. It surprised me ....
9. It would never do ....
10. It must be very nice ... .
11. It made me feel awkward … .
9. Complete the following:
a) Use the infinitive as subject without the anticipatory it(take the infinitive phrases from the following list):
to forget the past, to be humming a tune, to say such a thing to a child, to have gone out on that rainy day, to know the map well
1. ... means to be able to show any country or town on it.
2. ... would have been the death of me.
3. ... is a usual thing for her.
4. ... would be ridiculous.
5. ... was impossible.
b) Use the infinitive as predicative.
1. Our plan was ....
2. To act like this meant ... .
3. The first thing he did was ....
4. The main problem is ... .
5. Our next step must be ... .
6. What I want is ....
7. Our only chance to see him is ....
8. To ask him a straight question means ....
c) Use the infinitive as object.
1. The children were anxious ... .
2. We were not afraid ....
3. I pretended not ... .
4. They have not decided whether ... or not.
5. The boys agreed never ... .
6. Do you care ... ?
7. I was very careful not ....
8. I wish we had not forgotten ... .
9. They thought ....
10. He proposed ... .
11. When did you learn ... ?
12. I'll try to remember ....
13. The tourists were lucky ....
14. The father promised ....
15. They offer ....
16. He attempted ... .
17. We are sorry ... .
18. The boy asked ....
d)Use the infinitive as attribute (take the infinitives from the following list):
to remember, not to be contradicted, to desire, to speak (to, about), to do, to be done, to follow, to worry about, to be erected, to read, to laugh at, to be answered, to answer
1. This is just the man ... .
2. Packing was the first thing ... .
3. Here are some instructions ....
4. The monument ... on this square will add beauty to the place.
5. The book leaves much ... .
6. There was nothing ....
7. These are the letters ... .
8. His was the tone ... .
9. Have you got anything ... ?
10. She will always find something ...
e)Use the infinitive as adverbial modifier
1) of purpose:
1. I read the story the second time (so as) ...
2. He had to work hard (in order) ....
3. We must hurry (so as not) ....
4. After classes we stayed at the institute ... .
5. Has he come ... ?
6. ... you should read more out loud.
7. I called on him yesterday ....
8. We stopped ....
9 ... we must begin preparing for the exams immediately.
2) of result:
1. I was too astonished ... .
2. The boy is clever enough ....
3. The storm was such as ....
4. He was gentleman enough.. .
5. The wind was so strong as ....
6. The ship was too far ... .
7. I don't know him well enough ....
8. The slopes of the hill were too steep ....
9. You have only to see it once ....
10. The problem was too complicated ... .
11. His illness was not such as ... .
12. She was woman enough ... .
13. The impression was such as never ....
14. You have only to reach out your hand ... .
15. He was so fortunate as ... .
10. Translate into English.
a) Use the infinitive as subject with or without the anticipatory it.
1. Меня очень удивило, когда я увидел его на Черном море: врачи не разрешают ему жить на юге.
2. Ей доставляло огромное удовольствие наблюдать, как играют дети.
3. Должно быть очень приятно пить из этого источника в жаркий день.
4. Сказать ему правду в эту тяжелую минуту означало лишить его последней надежды.
5. Вам вовсе не помешает, если вы займетесь спортом.
6. Как предусмотрительно с вашей стороны было предупредить его обо всем заранее.
7. Не предупредить его об этом было бы нечестно.
8. Нам понадобилось немало времени на то, чтобы убедить его, что он неправ.
9. Работа на заводе принесла ему огромную пользу: он начал на все смотреть иначе.
10. Разве не естественно отвечать добром на добро?
11. Побывать в Крыму и не видеть моря было очень обидно.
12. Вздремнуть в своем кресле после обеда было его давнишней привычкой.
13. Они знали, что выполнение этого задания потребует большого мужества.
14. Неплохо бы поехать за город завтра. Было бы очень весело покататься на лыжах с гор и поиграть в снежки.
b) Use the infinitive as predicative.
1. Первое, что необходимо было сделать, — это посоветоваться с врачом, а потом уже решать, поместить больного в больницу или нет.
2. Наш план заключался в том, чтобы закончить полевые работы до наступления дождливой погоды. 3. Все, что ей удалось сделать, — это узнать номер их телефона.
4. Теперь остается только поместить объявление в газету.
5. Пользоваться телефоном для справок значит экономить время.
6. Единственное, что ему хотелось, — это найти место, где можно было бы остановиться на ночь.
c) Use the infinitive as object.
1. Мы не боялись лопасть под дождь: у нас были плащи.
2. Я притворился, будто не заметил его смущения, и продолжал говорить.
3. Они решили больше никогда об этом не упоминать.
4. Мне было досадно, что я забыл поблагодарить его.
5. Он предложил устроить гостей в своем доме.
6. Где вы научились так хорошо говорить по-английски?
7. Я постараюсь не забыть послать им телеграмму.
8. Клайд вспомнил, что он слышал от родителей о богатом дяде, который жил в Ликурге.
9. Клайд был рад познакомиться с друзьями Сондры.
10. Клайд был счастлив, что ему дали новую работу.
11. Миссис Гриффитс пожалела, что не пригласила Клайда в свой дом раньше.
12 Клайд очень не любил, когда ему напоминали о бедности его родителей.
d)Use the infinitive as attribute.
1. На этот факт нужно обратить особое внимание.
2. Есть ли в доме кто-нибудь, кто мог бы присмотреть за больным, пока придет сестра?
3. Вот человек, с которым можно поговорить на эту тему.
4. Она всегда найдет, над чем посмеяться.
5. Не о чем было беспокоиться. Больной чувствовал себя лучше.
6. Пьеса оставляет желать лучшего: я большего ожидал от нее.
7. Вот статья, которую надо прочитать.
8. Пятиэтажный дом, который должен быть построен на углу улицы, предназначен для рабочих и служащих нашего завода.
9. План нашей работы будет обсуждаться на заседании, которое состоится завтра.
10. Ему нечего было сказать в свое оправдание.
11. Он тяжелый человек; с ним трудно иметь дело.
12. Вы как раз тот человек, который может помочь нам в этом трудном вопросе.
13. Кто вторым пришел к финишу?
14. Главный архитектор показал нам проект памятника, который будет воздвигнут на центральной площади города.
15. Я на этой неделе очень занят: у меня много дел.
16. Он первый пожал мне руку и поздравил меня.
17. Он был не из тех, кого можно было легко запугать.
18. Она знала, что ни в чем не виновата; ей нечего было бояться.
19. Я позже всех разгадал ее намерение.
20. Я вижу, вы ищете предлог отказаться от своего обещания.
e) Use the infinitive as adverbial modifier
1) of purpose:
1. Все было сделано для того, чтобы спасти его.
2. Он вызвал машину, чтобы отвезти нас на станцию.
3. Я встал в 6 часов, чтобы не опоздать на утренний поезд.
4. Я написал ему письмо, чтобы напомнить ему о его обещании.
5. Ребенок выбежал навстречу матери.
6. Вы приехали для участия в конференции?
7. Он отдал свою рукопись на редакцию.
8. Давайте дадим ему денег, чтобы он купил словари для всей группы.
2) of result:
1. Ребенок слишком мал, чтобы понять вашу шутку.
2. Эта книга слишком большая, чтобы прочитать ее в один день.
3. Он был так поражен, что не мог вымолвить ни слова. 4. Было уже слишком поздно, чтобы менять что-нибудь.
5. Он был достаточно художником, чтобы оценить картину.
6. Они не знают его достаточно хорошо, чтобы доверить ему это ответственное дело.
7. Вопрос был слишком сложным, чтобы решать его так поспешно.
8. Он был достаточно мужчиной, чтобы не растеряться в эту трудную минуту.
9. Это был такой спектакль, что его нелегко забыть.
10. Ураган был такой сильный, что сорвал крыши с многих домов.
11. Change the structure of the following sentences so as to use the infinitive as subject with or without the anticipatory it.
1. The question is not so easy to answer.
2. There was no necessity to re-do it.
3. The thought of it cheered him up.
4. I was amazed to see it.
5. He felt ashamed when he read the letter.
6. Worrying and fussing was useless.
7. All they wanted was to make themselves understood.
8. He wanted to see the play staged as soon as possible.
9. My companion was discreet enough not to mention it.
10. I must ask you a few questions on the matter. It is my duty.
11. You say he kept his opinion to himself. Is it usual of him?
12. How greatly disappointed we were when we found that it was only a joke!
13. The sight of them made us laugh. 1
4. The sculpture was completely ruined. The restoration was impossible.
15. The car's engine is out of order. The repair will take not less than two days.
12. Make up sentences so as to use the infinitive in bold type as predicative.
I. your next task, the results, to check up,of the observations, is.
2. I meant, was, the last thing, to offendyou.
3. every success, and, I have come for, is, to wishyou, what, to congratulateyou.
4. on the subject of research, to write,his job, abstracts of articles, was, in the laboratory.
5. could do you good, is, the only thing, to takea long rest, that.
6. tosee himself, the most exciting experience, for the first time, was, he had ever had, in a film.
7. an experienced lawyer, was, the next move, to consult,he had made.
8. what turn, is, the best thing, things will take, to do, to see, ndlw.
13. Translate into Russian. Note the use of the infinitive as object after the verbs ask, demand, beg, say.
1. He asked to leave for a few minutes.
2. I must ask to be excused.
3. He demanded to know (to hear, to be told) the truth.
4. I beg to inform you of the details of the developments.
5. We asked to be given (to have) convincing evidence.
6. They demand to be shown (to see) the authentic documents.
7. You yourself said not to mention it to him.
8. Mr. Chairman, I beg to move that the meeting be adjourned.
9. My wife also asks to join her greetings and thanks (from a letter).
10. I beg to differ.
14. Translate into English.
1. Он требовал, чтобы ему предоставили возможность доказать это на опыте.
2. Она попросила, чтобы ей разрешили осмотреть новый цех.
3. Я прошу, чтобы меня выслушали.
4. Он сказал, чтобы ничего никому не давали без его разрешения.
5. Мы потребовали, чтобы нам дали выслушать всех очевидцев.
6. Они попросили рассказать им о случившемся.
7. Разрешите доложить.
8. Я попросил разрешения остановиться у них на несколько дней.
9. Почему вы не потребовали, чтобы вам дали копию резолюции?
10. Он попросил, чтобы ему дали прочесть это письмо.
15. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the rendering of the infinitive as attribute.
1. The desire to write was stirring in Martin once more. (J. L.)
2. He had a good deal to say about India. (Glsw.)
3. The relief from that long waiting, the feeling of nothing to worry about, was so delicious. (Glsw.)
4. The first person to enter was Mrs. Evans, her face white, her dark frightened eyes avoiding his. (A.C.)
5. He looked at the shelves of books to be read and understood. (M.W.)
6. He received a note to say that he was expected at the family dinner. (J. H.)
7. Andrew was the third to go in for interview. (A.C.)
8. You have health and much to live for. (J.L.)
16.Paraphrase the following using a noun instead of the verb in bold type with the infinitive as attribute; make all other necessary changes. .
Model: He offered to help us but we refused. — We refused his offer to help us.
I don't want to change my mind. — I have no desire to change my mind.
1. I was surprised that he refusedto go there.
2. They demand to be regularly informed, and you will have to comply with it.
3. I remember you promisednot to talk of it.
4. I told him that I firmly determinedto find out the truth.
5. It was quite obvious that he longedto confide his secret to somebody.
6. He was permittedto leave.
7. I don't intendto do anything about it.
8. They repeatedly attemptedto stage the experiment.
9. He did not wishto let you down.
10. The trainer instructedthe cyclists to examine their bicycles before the competition.
11.He consentedto fill up the vacancy.
17.Paraphrase the following using a noun instead of the adjective in bold type with the infinitive as attribute; make all other necessary changes.
Model: They did not conceal that they were impatientto see the whole thing through.
They did not conceal their impatience to seethe whole thing through.
He was too busy, it was impossibleto speak to him.
... we had no chance(opportunity) to speak to him.
1. One could easily notice that she was anxiousto change the conversation.
2. I doubt if he is willingto help.
3. I could not understand why he was reluctantto speak.
4. It was funny and pleasant to watch how impatientthe children were to see the presents.
5. It was clear to everybody that they were not inclinedto answer any questions.
6. It is unnecessaryto copy the whole text.
7. Is it possibleto get a ticket for to-morrow?
8. I'm not sure it is necessaryto remind them of it.
9. It is needlessto talk of it now.
18. Combine the sentences into one using the infinitive as an attribute to the noun in bold type.
Model: He always finds something to justify himself. It has become a tendencywith him. He has a tendencyto justify himself.
1.The motionwas to pass on to the next item on the agenda. It was adopted unanimously.
2. It was necessary to regularly supply the expedition with water. The only way was to transport it by air in helicopters.
3. His ambitionin life was to become a good surgeon, and we were sure it would be realized.
4. They were anxious to complete the experiment in three months. To get more people to work on it was the only means.
5. Her long-cherished desire had been to play in a film, and quite recently she got an invitationfrom the studio.
19. Insert the infinitives given in brackets in the appropriate form. Add post-posed prepositions if necessary.
1. I have a lot of things ... and many problems .... (to think, to consider).
2. How many classes have you got ... this week? (to attend).
3. There were usually hundreds of matters, big and small, .... (to attend).
4. He would never fail to find something ... even if there was little or nothing .... (to say; to speak).
5. She always came with some little story ... , looking for somebody ... it. (to tell).
6. Tell the child matches are a dangerous thing .... (to play).
7. There are two more games ... and the tournament will be over, (to play).
20. Paraphrase the following so as to use the infinitive as attribute.
a) 1. There was nothing that might keep him at home that night, and he gladly accepted the invitation.
2. He is not the man who would shirk his duty.
3. This is a mineral that can be found only in this part of the country.
4. There are so many letters that must be answered!
5. I have so many letters that must be answered!
6. She had no one in whom she could confide.
7. Can you entrust the work to anyone?
8. Here is the list of medicines which are not to be sold without a prescription.
9. We could not spare a moment.
10. Can anything be done to prevent such accidents?
b) 1. The parcels are all sorted out. Here are the ones that are to go (to be sent) by air.
2. The questions that are going to be submitted for discussion must be circulated two days before the opening session.
3. The ship has arrived with the pictures which will be displayed at the international exhibition.
4. The delegates to the scientific conference which will be held on the 19th of July have to register with the organizing committee.
5. The library has received a prospectus of the books which will be published this year.
6. We must have five more reports printed.
21. Insert the infinitive in the appropriate form and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Mr. Snodgrass was the first ... the astonished silence, (to break).
2. The next patient ... was a small boy in his early 'teens, (to examine).
3. Safety is the first principle ... in shooting competitions, (to observe).
4. He complained that he was always the last .... (to inform).
5. I am the last man... a question of the kind, (to ask).
6. Among the last ... they attracted the attention of the entire gathering, (to arrive).
7. He found that he was the only one ... the discrepancy, (to notice).
8. If there is to be a vacancy.I would like to be the one ... the job. (to offer).
9. These houses were among the few ... after a great fire, (to survive).
10. Who was the youngest chess player ... the title of All-Union Champion? (to win).
11. The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre players were the second British company ... the Soviet Union, (to visit).
12. The Nuremberg trial was the biggest international trial ... ever .... (to hold).
22. Complete the following choosing a suitable infinitive phrase from the following list.
what to say, where to change, whom to address, how to do it, which to choose, when to come, what book to refer to, with which to open, what to speak, to whom to turn, whether to agree to it or not
1. He hesitated ... .
2. Show me the key ... the drawer.
3. Can you advise me ... ?
4. ... is the first thing to decide.
5. Do you know the station ,.. ?
6. I can't make up my mind ....
7. The trouble is ....
23.Paraphrase the sentences so as to use the infinitive as adverbial modifier.
1. He must have got into a pretty fix if he had to take a risk like that.
2. The girl waved her handkerchief that she might be taken notice of.
3. The father came home late and did not switch on the light lest the child should wake up.
4. The man made in my direction as if he was going to stop me, then turned abruptly and walked away.
5. Miss Pinkerton did not know a word of French, but she was very proud and would not confess it.
6. She did not have courage enough, otherwise she would have said it to your face.
7. The foreigner was very careful to pronounce every word distinctly for fear of being misunderstood.
8. His behaviour was such that it aroused everybody's indignation.
9. On hearing me say that she shrugged her shoulders as though she wanted to express her indifference.
10. If you hear him speak, you might think he had never been in the wrong.
11. He turned to me as if he were going; to say something.
24.Think of all possible ways to convey in Russian the idea expressed by the infinitives in bold type.
1. He returned to his motherland never to leaveit again.
2. He went to Africa to dieof malaria.
3. When the first two cantos of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage came off the press, the success of the poem gave Byron every right to write in his diary: "I awoke one morning to findmyself famous."
4. He yawned, stretched himself vigorously, and went on deck to be toldthat they were almost abreast of the lights of Brighton. (R.K.)
5. They heard a voice above them, and looked up to seea woman's head thrust through a small window-hole under the thatch. (J.L.)
6. He went out into the street to findhimself alone.
7. At times he smiled softly to himself — only, immediately after, — to relapseagain into gloom.
25. Replace the finite verbs in bold type by the infinitive making all other necessary changes.
1. Olive heard the side gate open, and, looking out of the window, she sawJohn walking up the garden.
2. When I came back I foundthe door locked and the key hanging from a nail in the hall.
3. He opened his eyes and sawclouds and drenched trees and feltthe drops splashing on his face.
4. He tried to persuade her not to do so, but only brokedown and hadto stop.
5. On entering the house she sawher son walking up and down in an agony of doubt.
6. When he returned he foundhis wife already come home and seated with some work.
7. He looked towards the door and sawthe butler standing in the conventional attitude.
8. He joined the Philharmonic Orchestra, where he very soon became the leading violin soloist.
9. He had toured the world and understoodhow true the saying was which went, "East or West, home is best."
10. After a long separation they met at last, and never didthey partagain.
26. Translate into Russian. Pay special attention to the use of the infinitive.
1. To make a long story short, the company broke up, and returned to the more important concern of the election. (Ch. D.)
2. She had broken a precious china, one of her husband's wedding presents, and, to make the things still worse, she never told anyone about it.
3. To meet the increased demand for industrial goods, a great number of new shops have been opened in the towns this year.
4. She had become one of those London girls to whom rest, not to say pleasure, is unknown.
5. To crown all, there was a story full ten years old now, which had lost nothing in the telling, of his treatment of a cattle driver. (Glsw.)
6. To claim damages was not a pleasant thing to do.
7. It was awfully cold, to be sure.
8. To put it crudely, whatever is man's manner of life, such is his manner of thought.
27. Make up sentences using the following infinitive phrases parenthetically.
to be quite frank, to tell the truth, to make a long story short, to put it more plainly, to be sure, to put it mildly, to crown all, to be more precise, to say nothing of ... , to make things worse
28. Translate into Russian. Pay special attention to the use of the infinitive.
1. The reason of his success is easy to understand. (B.Sh.)
2. Her neighbour was difficult to talk to.
3. The house was charming to look at, but rather inconvenient to live in.
4. Is your friend easy to deal with?
5. The date of the letter was impossible to make out.
6. Gemma was pleasant to look at and interesting to talk to. (V.)
7. The Gadfly was difficult to convince. (V.)
29. Change the structure of the sentences according to the model.
Model: It is difficult to explain his behaviour. His behaviour is difficult to explain.
1. It is rather hard to read his handwriting.
2. It is very pleasant to listen to him. He sings so well.
3. It is hard to polish a diamond.
4. It is easy to answer such questions.
5. It is very comfortable to work at this desk.
6. It was very amusing to watch the scene.
7. It was easy to follow the track.
8. It was difficult to get along with him.
30.Complete the following.
1. The book was difficult ... .
2. She is pleasant ... .
3. This problem will not be difficult ... .
4. The boy is hard ... .
5. What he says is pleasant ... , but rather hard .... His stories are too incredible ....
6. The sentence is easy ... and useful ... .
7. All she cooks is nice ... and delicious ....
31. Make up sentences according to the model to Exercise 29. Use the following infinitives with the adjectives from the list below.
funny, interesting, hard, (un) pleasant, difficult, nice, easy, (un) comfortable, (in)convenient, amusing, useful, charming, restful
to deal with, to remember, to understand, to carry, to see, to hear, to forget, to persuade, to argue with, to sit on, to follow, to look at, to talk to, to account for, to avoid, to watch, to agree to
32. Translate into English.
1. В туристских автобусах установлены откидные кресла, в которых удобно спать.
2. Ее настроение легко понять.
3. Такую роль, должно быть, очень интересно играть.
4. Как приятно танцевать под эту мелодию.
5. Когда смотришь на море, это действует успокаивающе.
6. В пьесе слишком много сцен: ее не легко поставить.
7. Вряд ли это было удобное место для ночлега.
8. Это заболевание трудно поддается лечению.
9. Это правило нетрудно объяснить.
10. Эти инструкции легко выполнимы.
REVISION EXERCISES
33. Translate into Russian and state what the functions of the infinitive are.
1. Surely it is not at all necessary to go into details.
2. I rose to receive my guests.
3. He seems to be satisfied lo be doing nothing.
4. Passing by a radio-shop he suddenly remembered to buy some tape for his recorder.
5. At the sight of the man I felt an impulse to laugh.
6. Her first action was to visit the establishment of a famous dressmaker.
7. I could not help but tell him everything about the past two months.
8. He was too astonished to speak.
9. The best thing Lanny could do was to get out of here.
10. Soon the boy began to take an interest in his surroundings.
11. He waited for her to speak but it seemed that her answer would never come. (P.A.)
12. He looked up as I passed, recognized me and made as if to get up. (W.M.)
13. I want you to tell me what you know of the East End. (J.L.)
14. Lanny watched Mabel go. (P.A.)
15. He waved his hands as if to express his intense distaste.
16. As if to bring matters to a focus, Tess's father was heard approaching at that moment. (Th. H.)
17. He was careful not to allude to the subject. (Glsw.)
18. It's an awkward thing to have to say.
19. The horse was quiet to ride. (Lnd.)
20. The man was not one to think rapidly.
21. A gentleman to come to that! (Glsw.)
22. He must, have been very tired to come and fall asleep like that.
23. Later in the evening they went to the club to be joined by the young artist they had met at the studio. (F.F.)
24. He to have said that — only to think of it!
25. And suddenly he hated Crum. Who the devil was Crum, to say that?
26. To hear him talk, you might think he was bossing it.
34.Use the appropriate form of the infinitive in brackets.
1. He must (to read) something funny; he is smiling all the time.
2. They seemed (to learn) the news; they looked excited.
3. This book is said (to sell) out already.
4.I am glad (to introduce) to you.
5. The box was (to handle) with care. You should (to ask) someone (to help) you. This might not (to happen).
6. This man must (to sit) here for about an hour. Who can he (to wait) for?
7. Her mood seems (to change) for the worse. We had better not (to speak) to her now.
8. The first thing (to do) was (to get) somebody (to take) the luggage to the station.
9. Look how animated they are! It must be nice (to dance) like that.
10. I am sorry (to disappoint) you but I did not mean anything of the kind.
11. He is happy (to award) the first Landscape Prize for his picture.
12. He was anxious (to take) the first place in the figure skating competition.
13. The poem can easily (to memorize).
14. This poem is easy (to memorize).
15. I meant (to ask) you about it long ago but I had no opportunity.
16. I did not expect (to ask) this question.
17. There were so many things (to do), so many experiments (to try).
18. Don't you worry about him, he is sure (to have) a good time at the moment.
19. Why (to go) into that matter at all?
20. The teacher expected him (to give) a better answer at the examination.
21. They are supposed (to experiment) in this field for about a year and are believed (to achieve) good results.
35. Replace what is given in bold type by infinitive phrases.
1. The house which will be built hereis designed for the workers of our plant.
2. I am glad that I was able to assist you.
3. He was soastonished that he could notspeak.
4. Ileft the window open that I might hear the music.
5. How thoughtful it was of him that he had sent me the souvenirs.
6. She looked quickly at him as though she wanted to ask him for an explanation.
7. Hecame there and was toldthat he might as well not have come at all.
8. The lecture was very interesting, and the students kept quiet lest they should miss a word.
9. There are a few more things that require an explanation.
10. My idea is that we should make a stop there for one or two days on our way back.
11.The book is very long, one can't read it in a day.
12. Helen reached the hospital and foundher brother a little better than when she had last seen him.
13. There was nothing in the article that might interest him.
14. She read her composition a third time for fear that she might overlook a mistake.
15. It made me feel sad when I saw him in distress.
36.Translate into English.
1. Создание кинофильма требует объединенных усилий многих людей различных специальностей.
2. Железная дорога, которая будет открыта в этом году, соединит отдаленные районы этого края со многими промышленными центрами.
3. Туман был такой, что приостановил все движение.
4. Команде осталось еще две игры до конца чемпионата.
5. Он не такой человек, о котором можно судить с первого взгляда.
6. За его мыслью было трудно следить, он перескакивал с предмета на предмет.
7. Прошу держать меня в курсе дела.
8. Вы не помните, кто последний читал эту книгу?
9. Он всегда найдет чем похвастаться.
10. Послушать, как он рассуждает, можно подумать, что он прожил уже большую жизнь.
11. В этот момент ей хотелось только одного — чтобы ее оставили в покое.
12. В доме царила глубокая тишина; не слышно было ни единого звука.
13. Он знал язык не очень хорошо, и ему приходилось напрягать все свое внимание, чтобы не терять нить разговора.
14. Я слишком слабый шахматист, чтобы давать советы.
15. С ножом не играют, смотри, порежешься.
16. Он повернулся ко мне, как будто хотел что-то сказать.
17. Когда мы вышли, мы увидели, что такси уже ждет нас.
18. Только он заметил эту ошибку.
19. Газетные заголовки иногда очень трудно переводить.
The Gerund
1. Find gerunds in the following sentences and state their noun and verb characteristics. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Travelling abroad can be exciting enough, but just now it is more exciting being here.
2. She stopped answering my letters and I wondered what the matter might be.
3. Can you recall having mentioned the fact to anyone?
4. Thorpe was terrified, terrified of having to touch something, and even more, of being touched. (S.H.)
5. Young Jolyon, on the point of leaving the club, had put on his hat, and was in the act of crossing the hall, as the porter met him. (Glsw.)
6. After having been rejected by a dozen magazines, they (the stories) had come to rest in The Globe office. (J.L.)
7. I wonder at Jolyon's allowing the engagement. (Glsw.)
8. I understand perfectly your wanting to leave. (F.F.)
9. People will talk, there is no preventing it. (Ph.Sh.)
10. The host broke the awkward silence by inviting the guests to proceed to the dining-room.
11. This is laying the blame at the wnpng door.
12. On being told the news she gave a gasp of surprise.
13. The idea is worth considering.
2. Open the brackets using the gerund of the given verb
a) in the active or passive voice (non-perfect form):
1. Why do you avoid (to see) me?
2. He tried to avoid (to see).
3. We insist on (to send) him there at once.
4. He insists on (to send) there instead of me.
5. Do you mind (to examine) the first?
6. He showed no sign of (to know) them.
7. She showed no sign of (to impress).
8. He had the most irritating habit of (to joke) at the wrong moment.
9. I was annoyed at (to interrupt) every other moment.
10. He hated (to remind) people of their duties or (to remind) of his.
11. On (to introduce) they easily fell to (to talk).
12. In (to discuss) the problem they touched upon some very interesting items.
13. The equipment must go through a number of tests before (to install).
14. The operator can set the machine in motion by (to push) the button or (to press) the pedal.
15. The water requires (to filter).
16. The matter is not worth (to speak of).
b) in any appropriate form:
1. Excuse me for (to give) you so much trouble.
2. You never mentioned (to speak) to them on the subject.
3. He was proud of (to award) the prize.
4. I don't remember ever (to see) you.
5. I don't remember (to ask) this question.
6. The boys were punished for (to break) the window.
7. The boy was afraid of «(to punish) and hid himself.
8. He was quite serious in (to say) that he was leaving the place for good.
9. She seemed sorry for (to be) rude to me.
10. He confessed to (to forget) that he was to come on Friday.
11.The old man could not stand (to make) fun of.
12. Letters were no use: he had no talent for (to express) himself on paper.
13. After thoroughly (to examine) by the doctor, the young man was admitted to the sports club.
14. Soon she could not help (to attract) by the fact that she was being looked at.
15. The camera wanted (to adjust).
16. They accused me of (to mislead) them.
17. She was so eagerly looking forward to (to give) the leading part to play that she was greatly disappointed at not even (to offer) it.
18. She reproached me for not (to keep) my promise.
19. After (to look) through and (to sort) out, the letters were registered and filed.
20. He liked to do things without (to disturb) anyone or (to disturb).
3. Translate into English.
1. Нельзя ли попросить вас повторить, что вы только что сказали?
2. Я помню, что видел этого актера в какой-то другой пьесе.
3. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы меня выслушали.
4. Он и виду не показал, что узнал нас.
5. Он подозревал меня в том, что я выдал его секрет.
6. Не стоит упоминать об этом.
7. Странно, почему она избегает говорить на эту тему.
8. Терпеть не могу, когда со мной разговаривают таким тоном.
9. Внимательно посмотрев на мои часы, часовщик сказал, что они в порядке и нуждаются только в чистке и смазке.
10. Он боялся, что его неправильно поймут.
11. Он признался, что неверно информировал нас.
12. Я думаю, он несерьезно сказал, что хочет переменить профессию.
13. Он напомнил мне, что уже как-то отказался от этого предложения, и дал мне понять, что бесполезно снова поднимать этот вопрос.
14. Она боялась испортить свое первое впечатление, посмотрев картину снова.
15. Меня упрекнули в том, что я опоздал и заставил всех ждать.
16. Услышав гудок автомобиля, сторож пошел открыть ворота.
4. Complete the following using gerunds
a) as subject or predicative:
Model: (He liked to readbooks.)
a) ... was his favorite pastime.
b) His favorite pastime was ....
a) Reading books was his favorite pastime.
b) His favorite pastime was reading books.
1. (Why go into every detail?) I think it's no use ....
2. (Now you keepstrict hours of meals.) ... must do you a lot of good.
3. (The children watchedthe monkeys go through different tricks.) It was such fun ... .
4. (We could not get inthat night.) All tickets were sold out, there was no ....
5. (I see you are going to assembleyour bicycle.) Is it worth while ... so long before the beginning of the season?
6. (It was so very pleasant tobe free and alone.) What I enjoyed most in that quiet corner after the noise of the city and the strain of the last two months was ....
7. (The boy criedover the broken toy.) "Is it any good ... ?" the mother said to the child. "Tears are no help in sorrow."
8. (I did not expect to findyou there.) It was quite unexpected ... .
9. (You distortfacts and turnthings upside down.) This is ... , it is ... .
10. (He liked to collectpostage stamps.) a) ... was a hobby with him. b) His hobby was ... .
11. (When one readswithout paying attention to the language, one robsoneself of great intellectual
pleasure.) ... is ... .
12. (Did he realize what risk he was running when he tried to land the plane on such a small clearing in the wood?) He knew only too well that ... was ... , but there was no alternative.
b) as part of a compound verbal predicate:
1. Has it stopped ... ?
2. We must go on ....
3. The guide began ....
4. The doctor continued ....
5. When will you finish ... ?
6. When the motors ceased ... .
7. Before the band started ... .
8. The boy kept on ....
c) as a non-prepositional object:
1. Don't put off... .
2. You should avoid ... .
3. He hates ....
4. The book (poem, picture, film, proverb) is worth .... .
5. She does not seem to mind ....
6. I don't think he remembers ....
7. I don't regret ... .
8. Do you intend ... ?
9. Everyone enjoyed ... .
10. The car (stockings, house, shoes) wants (want) ... .
11. They denied ... .
12. The father suggested ....
13. He never mentioned ....
14. Just imagine ....
15. They don't seem to have attempted ....
d) as a prepositional object:
1. He never thought of ... .
2. The boy is very clever at ... .
3. I don't insist on ....
4. Does anyone object to ... ?
5. His friends accused him of ....
6. Children ought to be prevented from ... .
7. I am not used to ... .
8. Nobody suspected us of... .
9. He was quick in ....
10. Did he confess to ... ?
11. We were tired of ....
12. Why do you persist in ... ?
13. We are most grateful to our guide for ... .
14. Who would have thought him capable of ... ?
15. Did you succeed in ... ?
16. I found them engaged in ....
17. Who is responsible for ... ?
e) as an attribute:
1. It was very kind of you to have taken the trouble of ....
2. The idea of ... was extremely exciting.
3. I can't make out the reason for ....
4. There was little hope of ....
5. He is well known for his skill in ...
6. In summer you will have the chance of ... .
7. Do you have any objections to ... ?
8. At the party I had the pleasure of ... .
9. He displayed no interest in ... .
10. He very quickly got into the habit of ... .
11. You should have seen her surprise at ... .
12. They snatched at the opportunity of ....
13. I've got no experience in ... .
14. We took precautions against ... .
15. This is the most perfect instrument for ... .
16. What is the most effective method of ... ?
f) as an adverbial modifier:
1. His outlook has broadened after ... .
2. In ... she missed a line.
3. She took far too much upon herself by ... .
4. He produced his pass on ... .
5. I don't want to raise false hopes by ... .
6. You will have to take my words on faith before ... .
7. He was so much irritated that on ... he banged down the receiver without ....
8. In ... the geological party struck upon a new oil deposit.
9. He could tell the funniest joke without ... .
10. In spite of ... the sportsman pulled through to the finish.
11. He was afraid he might upset all their plans by ... .
12. But for ... the play would not have enjoyed such popularity.
13. On ... the young man did not trouble himself to reply.
14. Take your time before ....
15. On ... she suddenly felt her nerves were at breaking point.
16. The matter cannot be so easily dismissed without ....
5. Translate into English using the gerund
a) as subject or predicative:
1. Бесполезно звонить ему: его в это время никогда не бывает дома.
2. Сон на открытом воздухе очень полезен.
3. Он не только хороший певец, но и прекрасный актер; его стоит послушать в опере.
4. Нет смысла делать перерыв, нам всего на полчаса работы.
5. Переходить реку в этом месте опасно.
6. Когда после долгого подъема достигаешь вершины горы, испытываешь чувство необычайного удовлетворения.
7. Спорить с ним — это только понапрасну терять время.
8. Так приятно встречаться со старыми друзьями!
9. Слушать его рассказы — это еще раз переживать волнующие события тех дней.
10. Я не вижу в этом логики; по-моему, это все равно что ставить телегу впереди лошади.
b) as part of a compound predicate:
1. Когда вы кончите одеваться? Ведь мы можем опоздать.
2. Дождь пошел, как раз когда мы выходили из дому.
3. Клайд продолжал лгать матери, говоря, что у него мало денег, хотя он знал, как она нуждалась в его помощи.
4. После ухода миссис Чивли, Мейсон стал тушить свечи в гостиной.
5. Услышав кашель Сэма, мистер Потт перестал читать газету и посмотрел в его сторону.
с), d) as an object (prepositional or non-prepositional):
1. Простите, что я опять напоминаю вам об этом.
2. Секретарь сейчас занята перепечаткой срочного материала. Не позвоните ли вы минут через двадцать?
3. Не полагайтесь на то, что достанете билеты накануне; лучше закажите их заранее.
4. Надеюсь, вы не возражаете, если ей все расскажут?
5. Все сердечно поздравляли пилота с установлением нового рекорда.
6. Мы очень благодарны вам, что вы избавили нас от стольких хлопот.
7. Я не привыкла, чтобы со мной так обращались.
8. Забудьте об этом; не стоит из-за этого так огорчаться.
9. Когда Роберта пришла на почту, она была очень расстроена тем, что не нашла там письма от Клайда.
10. Клайд не хотел признаваться, что убил Роберту из боязни, что она может помешать е<