Festivals and celebrations

Travelling

1. Why and how do people travel?

2. How can travel agents and agencies be useful?

3. How and where would you like to travel?

People are fond of travelling. They spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, to learn a lot about people's traditions, to enjoy picturesque places. It is interesting for them to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food. Those who live in the country like to find themselves in large cities with their shops, cinemas, crowds of people. Most travelers and holiday makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them - beautiful views of waterfalls, forests, unusual plants and animals. Travel agents are expected to be able to advise travelers about their destinations, such as the weather conditions, customs, attractions, and exhibitions. For those travelling internationally, agents also provide information on customs regulations, required documents (passports, visas), and currency exchange rates. These are many ways of travelling - by train, by plain, by ship, on foot. Everyone chooses his favourite one. My favourite way is travelling by plain. And not because it is very comfortable. It is exciting. I've traveled this way a lot. When you are in the train you can see the beauty of nature. As for me I'd like to have a coach tour to some foreign country. Coach tours are planned and I'll have a chance to do a lot of sightseeings and have a good rest at the same time.

Problems of the planet.

1. The Earth as a living being.

2. How do people pollute the environment?

3. Ways to improve the situation.

Since ancient times Nature has served Man. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man's interference in nature began to increase. Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1 million tons of dust. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up. The most horrible ecological disaster befell Ukraine and its people after the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986. A great damage has been done to the agriculture, forests and people's health. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken. Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries - members of the UNO - have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organization Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment. We must save life on the planet for the future generations.

The world of the future.

1. Nature in future.

2. Computer development.

3. People’s life.

Some people think that the world will change a lot. The cities will become bigger. They will be more beautiful. There will be more parks and trees in them. Some people say that there won't be many people in the cities and the cities will become smaller but there will be more farms. More people will live in the country, and they will grow food for all the world. People will be taller and more clever. Some people think that men will be two metres tall, and women will be as tall as men. They say men and women will wear the same clothes but in different colours. Pupils will not go to school. They will have computers at home and the computers will help them to learn everything. At weekends people will go to the moon and other planets. They will have a good time there. They won't read many books. They will mostly watch television and get news from computer networks. And they will learn many things from nature. All people will enjoy their life.

Internet

Интернет

It’s hard to imagine our lives without Internet nowadays. It has become an important part of every person’s life. It seems that Internet has created a whole new history. It has drastically changed everything around. Computers were also an important invention, but Internet is better than any other type of information. Besides, it’s not only used for information, but also for global communication. Originally, Internet was a military experiment in the USA of 60-s. But soon it became clear that everyone in the world can use it. Since the time of Internet appearance, many other media sources became unnecessary. From one side, it’s great to have everything right here online, from the other side, it’s a shame that people have stopped reading paper books and newspapers. That’s because all books or prints can be found online, as well as all films and programs. One of the obvious advantages of Internet is its efficiency. You can find the information you’re looking for in 5 seconds. Just google it and here is the answer. It is very convenient for students, professionals, experts and all other people. In spite of all the good sides that Internet has, there are some drawbacks. First of all, they are viruses, which can be very dangerous for any computer. That’s why it’s good to have reliable anti-virus software installed. Other minus is the violent content. As well as on TV, there is a lot of violence and cruelty online. Nevertheless, every day millions of people turn on their computers and start surfing the worldwide net, because it’s the easiest and quickest way to stay informed.

Трудно представить нашу жизнь без Интернета в нынешнее время. Он стало важной частью жизни каждого человека. Похоже, что Интернет создал совершенно новую историю. Он коренным образом изменил все вокруг. Компьютеры также являются важным изобретением, но Интернет лучше, чем любой другой тип информации. Кроме того, он используется не только для информации, но и для глобального общения. Изначально Интернет был военным экспериментом в США 60-х годов. Но вскоре стало ясно, что все в мире могут его использовать. С момента появления Интернета, многие виды СМИ стали ненужными. С одной стороны, это здорово, что все есть прямо здесь онлайн, с другой стороны, очень жаль, что люди перестали читать бумажные книги и газеты. Это потому, что все книги или печатные издания можно найти в Интернете, также как и все фильмы и программы. Одним из очевидных преимуществ Интернета является его оперативность. Вы можете найти информацию, которую ищете за 5 секунд. Просто наберите это в Гугле и вот ответ на вопрос. Это очень удобно для студентов, специалистов, экспертов и всех остальных людей. Несмотря на все положительные стороны, которыми обладает Интернет, есть и некоторые недостатки. Прежде всего, это вирусы, которые могут быть очень опасны для любого компьютера. Вот почему хорошо закачать надежное антивирусное программное обеспечение. Другой минус – это жестокое содержания. Также как на и телевидении, в Интернете есть много насилия и жестокости. Тем не менее, каждый день миллионы людей включают свои компьютеры и начинают путешествовать по всемирной сети, потому что это самый простой и быстрый способ оставаться в курсе событий.

St. Petersburg

Main historical facts.

2. Tourist attractions in Saint – Petersburg.

Your favourite place.

Saint Petersburg (population nearly 5 million), formerly Leningrad, is Russia's second largest city. Only Moscow, the capital, has more people. St. Petersburg is a major Russian port and one of the world's leading industrial and cultural centres. The city lies in north-western Russia, at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea.

St. Petersburg was the first Russian city built in imitation of western European cities. Its magnificent palaces, handsome public buildings, and wide public squares resemble those of such cities as London, Paris, and Vienna. In the early 1800 s, a commission that included noted Italian architect Carlo Rossi established a design for the centre of the city that includes a series of squares.

The centre of St. Petersburg is on the southern bank of the Neva. This area includes the main business district and most of St. Petersburg's famous buildings. Many fine examples of baroque and neo-classical architecture have been preserved in the area, and few modern structures have been built there. The city has about 900 small rivers and canals and about 400 bridges.

The historic Winter Palace (now the Hermitage Museum)» completed in 1762, stands in the centre of the city. The palace was the winter home of the tzars. The General Staff Building, designed by Rossi and completed in 1829, stands across Palace Square from the Winter Palace. Several blocks away is the Cathedral of St. Isaac of Dalmatia, whose massive golden dome dominates St. Petersburg's skyline. The Peter and Paul Fortress, begun in 1703, is the oldest building in St. Petersburg. Many Russian tzars are buried in a cathedral at the fortress.

Several luxurious palaces built in the 1700 s still stand in three suburbs of St. Petersburg—Pavlovsk, Petrodvorets, and Pushkin. These palaces, famed for their architectural excellence, were summer homes of the tzars. Today, they are popular resorts and tourist attractions. As for me, most of all, I like Summer Garden, it’s very beautiful place in our city.

Career.

Variety of jobs.

Your future job.

3. Why do you think you will suit your job?

If we want to get a professional training, we can enter a technical college. There is a huge number of professions to choose. But we should take our time while choosing our future profession. Some children choose profession their parents want, others do it in their own way while choosing their profession and there are some boys arid girls, who want nothing.

To make the right choice, we should consider our possibilities, characters and abilities. To become a good doctor, you must be patient, easygoing and smart. The teacher's work requires love for children, much patience. Detective's job is very stressful. He must be brave, reasonable, smart, fair and strong and have extraordinary brains.

By the beginning of the last year, I wanted to become a doctor. Now, I have already decided what to do. I'd like to be a teacher. I know that it is very difficult to be a good teacher. It is a hard profession. You should know perfectly the subject you teach, you must be well-educated and well-informed. More and more people realize that every educated person should know a foreign language. That is why I'm going to become a teacher of English* I like English. I liked it from the first lesson we first started learning it and it is still my favourite subject. I will try to enter the department of foreign languages at the University.

I know that a teacher's job is quite difficult. A teacher can't say, that he knows everything. If we don't think about the future, we won't have one.

На английском языке	Перевод на русский язык
My future profession	Моя будущая профессия
It goes without saying that all pupils should choose their future professions before leaving school and it is very important to them to do it in the proper way. But for it you wouldn’t enjoy your life in future. But choosing your future profession is not a simple matter and doing it you should take into account three main things: your abilities, your desire and the needs of our society. Of course, school helps you to discover your special talents and forms your character. It encourages boys and girls to make serious choices of their future occupations. But not only school influences our choice. Needless to say that parents and relatives can give us practical advice which is very helpful and valuable. But sometimes they insist that we should follow the traditions of the family, and the desire of our parents doesn’t occasionally coincide with ours. There are a lot of professions to be chosen. Tasted differ and as for me I have decided to become a teacher of English. It is no secret that at present knowledge of foreign languages is not desirable but necessary… The importance of speaking foreign languages increases year after year. People who can speak and write in foreign languages are waited everywhere, and I wish my future career were connected with the English language.. I also believe that every teacher should have a remarkable talent of understanding pupils. The brain of a teacher should be armed with unbelievable store of knowledge of the subject. A good teacher should know how to gain the pupils’ confidence, should share with them joys and sorrows, and should be able to develop their talents and independent thinking. In order to be such a teacher I work hard at English, study psychology and have decided to enter the Teachers' Training Institute. I wish I were a good teacher!	Само собой разумеется, что все учащиеся должны выбрать свои будущие профессии до окончания школы, и очень важно сделать этот выбор надлежащим образом. Не сделав этого (досл. – без этого), в будущем они вряд ли получат удовольствие от жизни. Но выбор вашей будущей профессии не простое дело, и, осуществляя его, вы должны принять во внимание три главные вещи: ваши возможности, ваше желание и нужды нашего общества. Конечно, школа помогает вам раскрыть ваши особые таланты и формирует ваш характер. Она способствует тому, чтобы молодые люди и девушки серьезно выбирали будущий род занятий. Но не только школа влияет на наш выбор. Нет нужды говорить, что родители и родственники могут дать нам практические советы, очень полезные и ценные. Но иногда они настаивают на том, чтобы мы придерживались семейных традиций, и случается, что родительское желание не совпадает с нашим. Существует много профессий, которые мы можем выбрать. О вкусах не спорят, и, что касается меня, я решила стать преподавателем английского языка. Не секрет, что сегодня знание иностранных языков не просто желательно, а необходимо. Важность владения иностранным языком возрастает год от года. Людей, которые могут говорить и писать на иностранных языках, ждут повсюду, и я хотела бы, чтобы моя будущая профессия была связана с английским языком. Я также полагаю, что каждый учитель должен иметь особый талант – понимать своих учеников. Мозг учителя должен быть наполнен невероятным запасом знаний по своему предмету. Кроме того, хороший учитель должен знать, как завоевать доверие учеников, должен разделять с ними радости и огорчения, а также должен уметь развить их таланты и независимое мышление. Для того чтобы стать таким учителем, я усердно работаю над изучением английского, изучаю психологию, и решила поступать в Педагогический институт. Надеюсь, я буду хорошим учителем!

English – speaking countries.

1. Main historical facts.

2. Tourist attractions.

3. The place you would like to visit.

Great Britain, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand are English speaking countries. They are situated in different parts of the world and differ in many ways. The nature of these countries, their weather and climate and way of life of their people differ. Each country has it's own history customs, traditions, its own national holidays. But they all have a common language. English, the language of the people who left England to make their names in new countries. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consist of 4 parts: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland. The British Isles are group of islands lying off the north-west coast of the continent of Europe. There are no high mountains, no very long river, no great forest in U.K. The population of the U.K. is almost fifty-six million. I would like to visit Great Britain. USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent. The population of the USA is more than 236 million people. The USA is a highly developed industrial country. In the USA there are two main political parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Canada has area of nearly 10 million square km. It's western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast by the Atlantic Ocean. The population of Canada is over 26 million people. The Commonwealth of Australia territories are the continent of Australia, the island of Tasmania and number of smaller islands. Australia has an area of nearly eight million square km. The population of Australia is over sixteen million people.

Inventors and inventions.

1. How do inventors and their inventions change the life of the Earth.

2. The most significant inventions in the human history.

3. What would you invent if you could?

New inventions are appearing every day to make our lives easier, longer, warmer, and so on. But only a few inventors design a new machine or product that becomes so well-known that the invention, named after its creator.

German engineer Karl Benz produced the first petrol driven car in 1885 and the British motor industry started in 1896. Henry Ford was the first to use assembly line production for his Model Т car in 1908. Like them or hate them, cars have given people great freedom of travel. Edinburgh-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone in 1876. The following year, the great American inventor Thomas Edison produced the first working telephone. With telephones soon becoming rapidly available, the days of letter-writing became numbered. The computer has been another life-transforming invention. British mathematician Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the mid-1830s, but it was not until more than a century later that theory was put into practice. Now, a whole generation has grown up with calculators, windows, icons, computer games and word processors, and the Internet and e-mail have transformed communication and information. The plane was the invention that helped shrink the world and brought distant lands within easy reach of ordinary people. The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903.

Internet

Интернет

My country.

Main historical facts.

Russian symbols.

3. The cities/places you would like to visit.

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres.

The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Byelorussia and Ukraine. It also has a sea-border with the USA.

There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.

There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.

There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe's biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers — the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena — flow from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into Pacific Ocean.

Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world's deepest lake (1600 meters) is Lake Baikal. It is much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. The water in the lake is so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom.

Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.

Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of the State is the President. The legislative powers are exercised by the Duma. One of the Russian symbols is the Russian national flag. The flag has three wide stripes on it. The stripes are white, blue and red.

The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It is one of the oldest Russian cities. I would like to visit Moscow in the nearest time.

Nature’s Fury

1. What causes disasters?

2. What is done if it happens?

3. Tell about a disaster you have heard about recently.

Many years ago people lived in greater harmony with nature and environment than they do now. There are a lot of natural disasters: volcanic eruption, earthquake, flood, drought, storms, tornadoes and so on. A great number of ecological catastrophes took place in the 20th and 21st centuries and most of them are the results of men’s activity. It would be quite enough to have a look at some of them. One of the largest catastrophes occurred on the 26th of April, 1986. It was the explosion of one of the energy blocks at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. It is considered to be the worst nuclear plant disaster in history. After the accident in Chernobyl, soil and forest areas were polluted with radioactive elements. Besides that, the health of the population was seriously damaged. It’s very important to stop destroying the planet people live on and to restore what has already been destroyed.

Education.

1. School life.

2. Using computers.

3. How will education change in future?

Education is very important in our life. An educated person is one who knows a lot about many things. He always tries to learn, find out, discover more about the world around him. He gets knowledge at school, from books, magazines, from TV educational programs. The pupils can get deeper knowledge in different optional courses in different subjects and school offers these opportunities. Nowadays the students of secondary schools have opportunities to continue their education by entering, gymnasiums, lyceums, colleges. It's for you to decide to learn and make progress or not to learn. The role of foreign languages is also increasing today. Thanks to the knowledge of foreign languages one can read books, magazines in the original, talk to foreigners, translate various technical articles. To know foreign languages is absolute necessary for every educated person, for good specialists. English is a world language. It is the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relations, commerce and business. There are many reasons why we begin to study foreign languages. Learning foreign languages opens up opportunities and careers that didn't even exits some years ago. Knowing foreign languages can help us to find a job in such fields as science and technology, foreign trade and banking, international transportation communication, teaching librarian science and others. Learning a foreign language including learning also culture, traditions and mode of thought of different people. As for me, I'm completely convinced that to know a foreign language is absolutely necessary for all educated person and modern specialists.

На английском языке	Перевод на русский язык
Education in Russia	Образование в России
Education is an important part of modern life. Being educated means to know a lot of necessary and useful things for life, which is why every decent person studies at school. Originally Russian education starts from the early age. Children can start going to kindergarten from the age of two, but this is not a compulsory education. It depends on parents’ decision and child’s wish to attend this institution. However, school is mandatory. Every child starts going to school from the age of seven and till 16. Mandatory education in Russia is presented by three types of schools: primary, secondary and high. The primary school teaches its pupils elementary skills, such as reading, writing, counting. Many schools also offer foreign languages or some other special disciplines at this age. The most important period is the secondary school, which starts from the 4th or 5th grade, depending on school. This is the time when children start learning Biology, Geography, Chemistry, Physics, Computing, and many other new subjects. At the 9th grade children face a very important period in their life. They have to choose whether to continue school education, or to leave for other types of educational institutions, such as college, specialized schools and else. If the pupil decides to continue studying in high school, which lasts for two years, he can enter the university after school graduation. Of course, it’s only the general pattern of education in Russia, but there can also be some exceptions nowadays. For example, there are lots of special schools, where they pay attention only to particular subjects. Also, apart from state schools, there are a number of private schools, where education is not free of charge.	Образование является важной частью современной жизни. Быть образованным, значит знать много необходимых и полезных вещей для жизни, и по этой причине каждый приличный человек учится в школе. Изначально Российское образование начинается с раннего возраста. Дети могут начать ходить в детский садик с двух лет, но это не обязательное образование. Это зависит от решения родителей и желания детей посещать это заведение. Однако школа является обязательной. Каждый ребенок начинает ходить в школу с 6 лет и до 16. Обязательное образование в России представлено тремя видами школ: начальная, средняя и старшие классы. Начальная школа учит своих учеников элементарным навыкам, среди них чтение, письмо, счёт. Многие школы также предлагают иностранные языки или другие специальные дисциплины в этом возрасте. Самый важный период, это средняя школа, которая начинается с 4-го или 5-го класса, в зависимости от школы. Это время, когда дети начинают учить такие предметы, как биология, география, химия, физика, информатика и некоторые другие новые предметы. В 9-м классе дети сталкиваются с очень важным периодом в своей жизни. Им приходиться выбирать либо продолжать школьное образование, либо уйти в другие виды образовательных учреждений, такие как колледж, училище и другие. Если ученик решает продолжить учебу в старших классах, которые длятся два года, он может поступить в университет по окончании школы. Конечно же, это всего лишь общая характеристика образования в России, но в нынешнее время могут быть некоторые исключения. Например, существует множество специализированных школ, в которых уделяется внимание только определенным предметам. Также, помимо государственных школ, существует целый ряд частных школ, где образование не бесплатное.

Health

1. What can influence people’s health?

2. Why are there argues about genetically engineered food?

3. What should people do to keep fit?

Good health is very important for every person. Still, sometimes we get ill, we call a doctor. When we have a headache, a stomach ache, a sore throat, a cold, or a pain in some parts of the body, we call a doctor. He takes our temperature and our pulse. If we have a temperature, we must stay in bed and take the medicine he prescribes. If we cannot get better at home we must go to hospital. If we are too ill to walk, we go to hospital in the ambulance. When we have a toothache, we go to the dentist's. To be healthy we should avoid different bad habits that can affect our health. In my opinion, smoking and drinking too much alcohol, are the worst ones. It's common knowledge that smoking and drinking can shorten our lives dramatically. Smoking, for example, causes a number of heart and lung diseases. Besides, it makes your teeth yellow and skin unhealthy. If we eat too much, we'll become fat. A lot of people like drinking coca cola and coffee, and enjoy pizzas and hamburgers. But what is tasty is not always healthy. Fast food makes you fat, that's why Americans are the fattest people in the world. There are a lot of ways to lose weight. Perhaps the most popular of them is following a diet. Some people count the number of calories they eat every day. To my mind, the only way to stay healthy and to keep fit is by going in for sports. Besides, you can eat and drink as much as you want because you are burning it all off. To be healthy, it is also very important to spend a lot of time in the open air. It is useful to go for a walk before going to bed, or to air the room.

На английском языке	Перевод на русский язык
Sport and Healthy Lifestyle	Спорт и здоровый образ жизни
Sport and health are closely related. Generally speaking health has several components and sport is one of them. Others are healthy diet, hasteless and calm lifestyle, being in harmony with yourself and with others and positive attitude, of course. Sport is regarded more as a component of physical health. However, everybody knows that healthy body means sound mind. Sport is mostly associated with young people, but that’s a false opinion. Many old people also regularly exercise. Nowadays, there are several ways to keep fit. First is to do regular morning exercises. Second is to exercise during the day through cycling, roller-skating, walking in the park, jogging, swimming, ice-skating etc. And the third way is to attend specialized fitness – centers, which can be found nearly everywhere now. They offer wide opportunities for people with different needs. They are often combined with swimming-pools or ice-rinks. There are many opportunities for such exercises as yoga, aerobics, karate, belly dancing, body building, weightlifting, and a simple work out in the gym. Children also have numerous opportunities to keep fit. Every school offers physical education as a compulsory subject. Some schools even offer swimming lessons in summer and skiing lessons in winter. The most popular sports in our country are gymnastics, figure skating, football, hockey, skiing, athletics, swimming, tennis, basketball, volleyball and some others. Everybody can choose the type of sport they want to do. Some people even become professionals; some simply do it as an amateur in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle.	Спорт и здоровье тесно взаимосвязаны. В целом, здоровье состоит из нескольких компонентов, и спорт является одним из них. Другими являются здоровое питание, размеренный и спокойный образ жизни, гармония с собой и с другими, и положительный настрой, конечно же. Спорт рассматривается скорее как компонент физического здоровья. Тем не менее, всем известно, что здоровое тело означает здравый ум. Спорт в основном связывают с молодыми людьми, но это ложное мнение. Многие пожилые люди также регулярно тренируются. В настоящее время существует несколько способов поддерживать себя в форме. Первый – это делать регулярные упражнения по утрам. Второй – это упражняться в течение дня при помощи катания на велосипеде, роликовых коньков, прогулки в парке, бега, плавания, катания на коньках и т.д. И третий путь – это посещение специализированных фитнес - центров, которые можно найти почти везде сейчас. Они предлагают широкие возможности для людей с различными потребностями. Они часто бывают в купе с бассейнами или катками. Там есть много возможностей для таких упражнений, как йога, аэробика, каратэ, танец живота, бодибилдинг, тяжелая атлетика, и просто разминка в тренажерном зале. Дети также имеют много возможностей поддерживать себя в форме. Каждая школа предлагает физическое воспитание в качестве обязательного предмета. Некоторые школы даже предлагают уроки плавания летом и уроки катания на лыжах в зимний период. Наиболее популярными видами спорта в нашей стране являются гимнастика, фигурное катание, футбол, хоккей, лыжи, легкая атлетика, плавание, теннис, баскетбол, волейбол и некоторые другие. Каждый может выбрать вид спорта, которым он хочет заниматься. Некоторые люди даже становятся профессионалами, некоторые просто занимаются им, как любители, чтобы поддерживать здоровый образ жизни.

Getting information

1 Radio, TV

2 Computers

3 Other ways of getting information

There are many different ways to get knowledge about our huge world. It is mass media, travelling, museums, meeting with interesting people. People all over the world enjoy books. Books are our friends and teachers. We can learn a lot of interesting and useful things from the books. Many people choose traveling as the way to know the world. I enjoy it too. It's very fun and interesting! Every year I travel to another place and I like it: new places - new impressions! The mass media have done and continue doing much to excite an interest in every aspect of the country's life. The mass media are the various ways by which information and news is given to large numbers of people, especially television, radio, newspapers and magazines. The mass media now play an important role in shaping our opinions. I think, it is impossible to imagine our life without newspapers. Millions of copies of them appear every day. Most national newspapers express a political opinion, and people choose them according to their political beliefs. Most newspapers contain news, detailed articles on home and international affairs, reviews of books, art and TV shows. Many of them also cover sports events. By travelling we get new information. The period of extensive travelling is called the Age of Discovery. Tourism, activity or practice of touring for pleasure, is the phenomenon of the 20-th century. Another phenomenon of the 20-th century is the Internet. Through the Internet people get all kind of information. The Internet as a means of communication is very convenient: a person can get a lot of information without leaving his apartment.

Internet

Интернет

Sport

1. Variety of sports

2. Why do people take up sport?

3. Sport in your life

Millions of people all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport helps people to stay in good shape, keeps them fit and makes them more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities. We have always paid great attention to sport in our schools, colleges and universities. You can hardly find a school without a gym or a sports ground. It makes for a healthy mind in a healthy body sport helps people to keep in good health. We all need to exercise. Even if you don't plan to make a career in sport you still have to practice. Regular exercises give you more energy. That is why many people who suffer from general tiredness should take more exercise than more rest. Exercise makes you feel and look better. The best exercise is one, which is involved, in repeated movements: walking, jogging, swimming. As for me I try to take all these things into consideration and as a result of it I do my morning exercises, run a little bit in the morning and play volleyball from time to time. So I am in good form and hope to be in fine future. Among the sports popular in our country are football, basketball, swimming, volleyball, ice hockey, tennis, gymnastics, figure skating. A person can choose sports and games for any season, for any taste.

Festivals and celebrations

1. The variety of festivals/celebrations.

2. What preparations are made?

3. Describe your favourite event.

There are only 6 public holidays in Great Britain. Those are days on which people need not go into work. These are days: Christmas Day, Boxing day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Spring Bank Holiday and Late Summer Bank Holiday. Christmas day observed on December 25th is the most popular public holiday of the year in all parts of Great Britain except Scotland. On Christmas Eve offices and public buildings close at one o'clock, but the shops stay open late. Most high cities especially London, are decorated with colored lights across the streets and Christmas trees. Everybody wants to be at home for Christmas. The children are decorating the tree, housewives are busy in the kitchen getting things ready for the next day's dinner. The Christmas bird, nowadays usually turkey, is being prepared. The chief Christmas tree is usually in Trafalgar Square, in front of the national Gallery, and it has become a tradition that the tree is a present from the people of Oslo. December 26th is called Boxing day because traditionally it was the day for people still give a "Christmas box" to the postman and milkman, but it's usually some money. This is the day when one visits friends, goes for a drive or a long walk or just sits around recovering from too much food. Easter is a religious holiday and Easter Monday is a bank holiday. London greets the spring with a true spectator. Easter Parade in Batter Sea Park on Easter Sunday each year. Good Friday and Easter Monday depend on Easter Sunday, which falls on the 1st Sunday after a full Moon on or after March 21st. The Spring Bank Holiday falls on the last Monday of May or on the 1st Monday of June, while the Late Summer Bank Holiday comes on the last Monday in August or on the first Monday in September, depending on which of the Monday is nearer to June 1st and September 1st respectively. Besides public holidays, there are other festivals, anniversaries and simply days, for example Pancake Day and Bonfire High.

На английском языке	Перевод на русский язык
Environmental Problems	Загрязнение окружающей среды
Environmental problems have become one of the most urgent problems of modern society. More and more people suffer from air and water pollution. Nature also suffers from land and nuclear pollution. The reasons for such environmental problems are numerous. Among them increasing number of cars in the streets, factory waste, millions of cut down trees, destroyed habitats of animals, contaminated rivers and seas. All these problems mainly arise due to human careless activities and gradually destroy our planet. If we look closely, we’ll notice that not only one city is under danger, but the majority of world population. Fortunately, there are many ways to suspend these problems. If everybody starts caring about the planet we live on, many environmental problems can be solved. For example, if we start recycling paper and cardboard, we can save lots of trees. If we start using public transport more than private cars, we can have less air pollution. Local governments can also help to prevent some problems, if they forbid logging companies to destroy the forests, or stop factories from polluting water. The most important thing is, of course, to start acting immediately, otherwise we might have to face many global disasters.	Проблемы окружающей среды стали одной из самых насущных проблем современного общества. Всё больше людей страдает от загрязнений воды и воздуха. Природа также страдает от загрязнения земли и от радиоактивности. Причин для таких проблем окружающей среды множество. Среди них, повышение количества автомобилей на дорогах, отходы заводов, миллионы срубленных деревьев, разрушение естественной среды обитания животных, загрязненные реки и моря. Если присмотреться, то можно заметить, что не только один город в опасности, но и большая часть населения мира. К счастью, есть много возможностей приостановить эти проблемы. Если все начнут заботиться о планете, на которой живут, многие экологические проблемы могут быть решены. Например, если мы начнём утилизировать бумагу и картон, мы спасём многие деревья. Если мы начнём использовать больше общественный транспорт, чем личные автомобили, у нас будет менее загрязнён воздух. Местное правительство может также помочь приостановить некоторые проблемы, если запретит лесозаготовительным предприятиям разрушать леса, или остановит заводы от загрязнения воды. Самое важное, конечно же, начать действовать сейчас, или нам придётся столкнуться со многими глобальными катастрофами.

Наши рекомендации

Holidays and Celebrations in the Russia

Unit 4. Traditions, holidays, festivals.

Traditional British festivals

Text 5. Religions and sports festivals

Notable Dates and festivals

Holidays and celebrations in the united kingdom

Public holidays and celebrations in britain

Text C. Holidays and Festivals

Notable Dates and festivals

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