Exercise 7. Translate the following text in a written form. Use a dictionary if necessary

To understand the difference between an input and output device, you must understand the difference between input and output. Any information or data that's entered or sent to the computer to be processed is considered input and anything that is displayed from the computer is output. Therefore, an input device such as a computer keyboard is capable of having information sent to the computer, but does not display (output) any information. An output device such as a computer printer can print information from the computer but does not send any information (input) to the computer.

Read and translate the dialogue.

- What is peripheral device?

- It’s a computer device.

- What device?

- Any input output, or storage device.

- Will you give me example, please?

- They include printers, CDs, disk drives, and other input-output and storage devices.

- Do they include the CPU?

- Peripheral device is not part of the essential computer, i.e., the memory and microprocessor.

- What are peripherals connected to?

- They are connected externally or internally to the computer’s CPU.

- What are external peripheral devices?

- They are a mouse, keyboard, printer, plotter, monitor, or scanner.

- And what are internal devices?

- The mouse is one of the most basic input devices. The keyboard is an essential for working with a computer.

- And what are integrated peripherals?

- Internal peripheral devices are often referred to as integrated peripherals.

- I can’t understand the difference between the input device and output device.

- An input device sends commands to the computer from the user. Output devices display information from the computer.

Exercise 8. Speak about computer peripheral and input devices using the phrases given below.

Peripheral is…

There are three…

The most common peripheral linking device is….

The mouse and the keyboard are ….

The keyboard ….

The mouse ….

We can interact with a computer by ….

…work for both input and output.

Exercise 9. Write an essay of 120-150 words on the following task.

Which peripherals are currently attached to your computer? Make a list of them and describe their purpose.

Unit 4

Software

Software classification

Remember the following words and word combinations.

1. procedure - процедура

2. perform, v - выполнять

3. comprise, v - включать

4. binary values – двоичные значения

5. system software – системное программное обеспечение

6. programming software - программное обеспечение для программирования

7. application software – прикладное программное обеспечение

8. assist, v - помогать

9. text editor – текстовый редактор

10. compiler - компилятор

11. interpreter – программа-интерпретатор

12. linker – связующий транслятор

13. debugger – программа отладки

14. source code – исходный код

15. render, v – отображать, выводить

16. application suite – пакет приложений

17. utility - утилита

18. maintenance – техническое обслуживание

19. adware – рекламное программное обеспечение

20. scareware–поддельные антивирусные программы

21. malware – вредоносное программное обеспечение

Read and translate the text.

Text 1

SOFTWARE

Software, by definition, is the collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation that performs different tasks on a computer system. The term 'software' was first used by John Tukey in 1958. At the very basic level, computer software consists of a machine language that comprises groups of binary values, which specify processor instructions. The processor instructions change the state of computer hardware in a predefined sequence. Briefly, computer software is the language in which a computer speaks.

Computer systems are divided into three major parts, they are system software, programming software and application software.

Programming Software: This is one of the most commonly known and popularly used types of computer software. This software comes in the form of tools that assist a programmer in writing computer programs. Computer programs are sets of logical instructions that make a computer system perform certain tasks. The tools that help programmers in instructing a computer system include text editors, compilers and interpreters, linkers, debuggers and more. Compilers translate source code written in a programming language into the language which a computer understands (mostly the binary form). Debuggers are used to check code for bugs and debug it. Interpreters execute the source code or a precompiled code or translate source code into an intermediate language before execution.

System Software: is the software used to manage and control the hardware components and which allow interaction between the hardware and the other types of software. It helps in running computer hardware and the computer system. System software assists in using various computer systems, such as diagnostic tools, compilers, servers, utilities, etc. It abstracts away an application program from hardware, memory and other internal complexities of a computer. System software refers to the operating systems; device drivers, servers, windowing systems and utilities. Operating system performs tasks such as transferring data between memory and disks or rendering the output onto the display device. Another important system software is computer BIOS and device firmware. This provides basic functionality to operate and control the hardware, which is connected to or built into the computer.

Application Software (also known as 'apps') is a computer software which is designed to help the user to perform single or multiple related tasks. In other words, application software is actually a subclass of computer software, which employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task which the user wishes to perform. It is not concerned with the management or maintenance of the system itself. Business software, databases and educational software are some forms of application software.

One important type of application software is application suites. It consists of a group of applications combined to perform related functions. OpenOffice and Microsoft Office are the best examples of this type of application software. These application suites come as bundles of applications like word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, etc. Applications in the suite can work together or operate on each other's files.

Malware is a separate category of software as it refers to any malicious software that are a threat to computer security. Adware, spyware, computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses and scareware are all examples of malware.