Rewrite the sentences, substituting a non-defining relative clause for the adverbial clauses in italics, e.G

In 1930 the Company moved from its home in West Street, since this was now too small for its ever-increasing volume of business.

In 1930 the Company moved from its home in West Street, which was now too small for its ever-increasing volume of business.

1. Few people could follow the speaker, since he spoke extremely quickly.

2. His doctor advised him to change to an outdoor job, as this would be much better for his health.

3. Many teachers are enthusiastic about overhead projectors, since they are more flexible in use than the traditional blackboard.

4. The airline has grounded all planes of this type, since they have been the subject of several recent accidents and near-accidents.

5. The MP was disowned by his constituency party, having failed to support the party line in Parliament on numerous occasions.

6. When our car needs servicing, I always take it to our local garage, because it gives better and quicker service than some of the larger garages in town.

7. We didn't like his manner, since to our way of thinking it was rather offhand.

8. This new car will be very popular with family motorists, since it seats five people in comfort and takes a mountain of luggage.

9. More and more information is now being stored on microfilm, since this is a very effective means of compressing a large amount of information into a small space.

10. The shop readily agreed to exchange the goods, since they were obviously substandard.

15. Add non-defining clauses relating to the words in italics, using which, who, or whom. Insert the appropriate punctuation, e.g.

The Foreign Minister held a short press conference at the airport.

The Foreign Minister, who was besieged by reporters when his plane landed, held a short press conference at the airport.

1. His latest book is about his adventures in Africa.

2. The Royal Shakespeare Company is world famous.

3. British Leyland's latest sports car should boost British exports.

4. His father has offered him a partnership.

5. The new highway code should make for greater safety for all road-users.

6. The missing woman's bicycle has been found in the river.

7. The Company didn't reply to his letter of application.

8. The Boat Race takes place annually from Putney to Mortlake on the Thames.

9. Last night's meeting broke up in disorder.

10. Spring flowers are a delight to the eye.

Instructions as for 9.

1. We hope to attract investors to our new savings scheme.

2. The cliffs of Dover are a startling white.

3. Joseph Conrad wrote all his books in English.

4. The University of Cambridge comprises more than twenty colleges.

5. The defending lawyer made a great impression on the jury.

6. It is now known that water does not exist on the moon.

7. Fleet Street is situated in the heart of London.

8. Last year's spring tides caused much damage to property.

9. Foreigners often take some time to get used to the English breakfast.

10. This year's harvest has been disappointing.

Whose

Whose is the only possessive form of relative pronoun in English, and is used to refer to both persons and things. It is nearly always preferred to the prepositional construction of whom (when, of course, this indicates possession), and is also often preferred to of which (again, when this indicates possession):

a) The man whose coat had been stolen immediately reported the theft. (Defining)

(Not 'The man the coat of whom had been stolen ...')

b) The damaged ship, whose crew has now been taken off was listing dangerously when last seen. (Non-defining)

(Rather than 'The damaged ship, the crew of which has now been taken off, ...')

Join the sentences by changing the second sentence of each pair into a defining or non-defining relative clause. The structure of your relative clause should reflect the structure of the original sentence.

a) The headmaster spoke to the boys. Their work was below standard.

The headmaster spoke to the boys whose work was below standard. (Defining)

b) We came within sight of Everest. Its summit has attracted so many climbers.

We came within sight of Everest, whose summit has attracted so many climbers. (Non-defining)

c) We came within sight of Everest. The summit of Everest has attracted so many climbers.

We came within sight of Everest, the summit of which has attracted so many climbers. (Non-defining)

1. Bertrand Russell died in 1970. His philosophical writings made a profound impact on philosophers all over the world.

2. The US President is unlikely to seek a second term of office. His administration has been under constant fire during the last eighteen months.

3. Very few people understood his lecture. The subject of his lecture was very obscure.

4. The car driver was sent to prison for six months. The entire blame for the accident rested on his shoulders.

5. Lord Nelson was famous for his naval exploits. A column was erected in his memory in Trafalgar Square in London.

6. 'I have pleasure in introducing to you the man. Without his generosity your society would cease to exist.'

7. 'Sir—Mr Jack Smith should check his facts more carefully. His letter was published in your columns yesterday.'

8. The fire started on the first floor of the hospital. Many of its patients are elderly and infirm.

9. The latest model of this car gives much more passenger room. Its exterior dimensions remain unchanged.

10. We would not advise buying shares in this Company. Its results last year were worse even than forecast, and its long-term recovery must remain a matter of doubt.

11. I interviewed several of the men. Their contracts had been terminated by the company at short notice.

12. Many back-benchers are finding it difficult to support the Government. They have considerable misgivings over some of the Government's policies.