Study the forms of Participle I and Participle II

Form	Active	Passive
Simple	showing	being shown
Perfect	have shown	having shown
Participle II	shown

Study the functions of Participle I

Functions	Patterns	Notes
predicative	My friends story was	Participle I is usually rendered into Russian by an adjective
amusing.
attribute	The smiling faces of	In this function it corresponds to the Russian действительное причастие. In some cases it is rendered in Russian by a clause причастным оборотом.
children failed to
cheer him up. The
train arriving on the
platform four is one
hour late.
part of a complex object	I could hear the wind whistling all night.	This construction with Participle I corresponds to a subordinate object clause in Russian.
	attendant circumstances (manner)	He was standing at the bridge admiring the beautiful view.	In this function Participle I indefinite corresponds to the Russian деепричастие несовершенного вида, Participle I Perfect corresponds to the Russian деепричастие совершенного вида. In some cases Participle I in this function is rendered by an adverbial clause or дее­причастным оборотом. Here we always find a participle phrase.
cause (reason)	The book being writ- ten in simple English is suitable for begin- ners.
time	While doing his homework John was interrupted several times. Having visited the museum we decided to have lunch at the park.
	compari­son	This was said as if thinking about.
	paren­thesis	Speaking frankly I consider the plan to be unwise. Judging by what critics say, the new play is worth seeing.

Study the functions of Participle II

Functions	Indicators	Patterns	Notes
predicative	After the link verbs: to be, to seem, to look, to get to re­main, to grow, to turn, etc.	My question to him remained unanswered. We were very shocked when we heard the news.
attribute		Some roads were blocked bv fallen trees The story told by the man fascinated me.	Participle II corre­sponds to the Russian страда­тельное причас­тие or действи­тельное причас­тие if some verbs ending in -ся, or by a clause, or причастным оборотом.
part of a complex object	a) after the verbs denoting sense percep­tion: to see, to hear, to feel, to find, etc. b) after the verbs denoting wish: to de­sire, to want, to wish, etc.; c) after the verbs: to have, to get, to make.	He always found himself sur-rounded bv admiring readers. We have never heard this opera sung in Italian. I want it done bv tomorrow. Jill has her roof repaired yester­day. You must make your news known.	In the sentence this construc­tion has the function of a complex object. It usually corre­sponds to a subordinate object clause in Russian.
adverbial of	time	Usually after conjunction when	When given a dictionary he translated the article at once.	In this function Participle II is generally ren­dered in Rus­sian by an ad­verbial clause or причастным оборотом.
condition	After if, when	If insisted I will gladly come to your house. When seen in this light, the matter doesn't seem so serious.
comparison	After as if, as though	He stood as though struck by my words.
conces­sion	After though	Though im­pressed by the news, he didn't show it.

Practice

Participles I and II as predicative

Participle I is usually rendered into Russian by an adjective.

1. Analyze the following newspaper article by putting a circle round the correct word in brackets. The first one has been done for you.

Film review

When I first saw his work I thought David Lennox seemed a (promising / promised) young director. So I was (interesting / interested) to see his latest film "Vermilion". I was not (disap­pointed / disappointing). The story is very (exciting / excited) the special effects are (astonishing / astonished), and I was most (impressed / impressing) by the photography. Unfortunately the same cannot be said of "Tell me another, Freddie" Dash's latest film. Advertised as "an original comedy" it is neither original nor (amusing / amused). In fact, some jokes are so bad as to be almost (embarrassing / embarrassed). I was not (surprising / surprised) that most of the audience appeared totally (boring / bored) by the end, as the story is most (confusing / confused). I am sorry to say that it is a most (disappointing / disappointed) film.

2. Complete the sentences using one of the words in the box.

Amusing / amused, confusing / confused, exhausting / ex-

hausted, annoying / annoyed, disgusting / disgusted, interest-

ing / interested, boring / bored, exciting / excited, surprising /

surprised

1. He works very hard. It's not surprising that he is always tired.

2. I've got nothing to do. I'm ... .

3. The teacher's explanation was ... . Most of the students didn't understand it.

4. The kitchen hadn't been cleaned for ages. It was really ....

5. I seldom visit art galleries. I'm not particularly ... in art.

6. There's no need to get ... just because I'm few minutes late.

7. The lecture was ... I fell asleep.

8. I asked Emily if she wanted to come out with us but she wasn't ....

9. I've been working very hard all day and now I'm ... .

10. I'm starting a new job next week. I'm quite ... about it.

11. Tom is very good at telling funny stories. He can be very ....

12. Liz is a very ... person. She knows a lot, she has travelled a lot and she's done lots of different things.

3. Use participles given in brackets as predicative.

(Convincing, touching, disconcerting, demanding, encourag­ing, mocking, disappointing, terrifying, humiliating, exciting, fascinating, thrilling, disappointing, astonishing.) Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. He spoke of devotion to high ideals; he was in general quite ... and even ... .

2. That she could not remember the ori­gin of her information was neither ... nor unusual.

3. Her grav­ity was not severe and ... like a schoolteacher's, but warm and ... as a mother's.

4. His voice was ..., and as always the cruelty stood only partially covered, waiting to announce itself.

5. Last night's concert was extremely ... .

6. The effect of his words was ... .

7. The tone in which she spoke with me was ... .

8. The film is ..., I advise you to see it.

9. The trip was very ... .

10. To listen to the story of his adventures was ... .

11. The story of his adventures was ... to listen to.

12. The weather the summer has been ....

13. It is ... to me that he should be absent.