Притяжательные местоимения

Possessive Pronouns

Личные местоимения	Притяжательные местоимения
1-я форма	2-я форма
употребляется перед существительными	употребляется самостоятельно без существительного
Единственное число
I	я	my	мой, моя, моё, мои	mine	мой, моя, моё, мои
he	он	his	его	his	его
she	она	her	её	hers	её
it*	он, она, оно	its*	его, её	its*	его, её*
	Множественное число
we	мы	our	наш, наша, наше, наши	ours	наш, наша, наше, наши
you	вы	your	ваш, ваша, ваше, ваши	yours	ваш, ваша, ваше, ваши
they**	они	their**	их	theirs**	их

* Обозначает неодушевленные предметы.

** Обозначает и одушевленные, и неодушевленные предметы.

Exercise 2.

Supply the correct possessive pronouns in the following sentences.

Model:

They usually eat their lunch at the Ritz Cafeteria.

1.	We always study ____ English lessons very carefully.
2.	That girl always takes very good care of ____ clothes.
3.	The children are playing with ____ toys right now.
4.	I always put ____ pens and pencils in the second in the second drawer.
5.	Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are sitting in ____ living room now.
6.	You and I don’t spend ____ money very carefully.
7.	Miss Davis is using ____ sister’s book today.
8.	We write letters to ____ friends once or twice a month
9.	Tom and Bill are walking home with ____ friends.
10.	Mr. Brown seldom drives ____ car to ____ office.
11.	Youdon’t do ____ English lessons very carefully.

Exercise 3.

Substitute a possessive pronoun for the words in parentheses in each sentence.

Model:	That book is (my book). – That book is mine.
Those are (her pictures). – Those pictures are hers.

1.	Is this your purse or (Miss Brown’s purse)?
2.	Are those my shoes or (his shoes)?
3.	Their house and (our house) are both on the same block.
4.	That red car in front of (your car) is (my brother’s car).
5.	Are these two books (your books) or (my books)?
6.	All of these magazines are (his magazines).
7.	Those cigarettes on the table are (my cigarettes).
8.	Are all of these papers (your papers)?
9.	That newspaper on the desk is (her newspaper).
10.	That big white house on the corner is (their house)
11.	Edward’s new suit and (my new suit) are very similar.

Возвратные и усилительные местоимения

Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns

Лицо	Единственное число	Множественное число
1-е	myself	себя, сам	ourselves	себя, сами
2-е	yourself	себя, сам, сама, сами	yourselves	себя, сами
3-е	himself herself itself	себя, сам себя, сама себя, сам, сама, само	themselves	себя, сами

Exercise 4.

Supply the correct reflexive pronouns in the following sentences.

Model:

I will ask him myself.

1.	Don’t hurt ____ Mike!
2.	Don’t hurt ____, children!
3.	He defended ____ bravely.
4.	They told me the news ____.
5.	She will answer the letter ____.
6.	We’ll do it ____.
7.	I looked at ____ in the mirror.

Exercise 5.

State whether the self-pronoun is emphatic or reflexive. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.	The villagers built themselves new houses.
2.	They build the houses themselves.
3.	The man opened the door and found himself facing a stranger.
4.	Would you mind keeping your opinion to yourself?
5.	I heard it from a man who himself was present there.
6.	He was in a still worse position than ourselves.
7.	Go and see it for yourself.
8.	You can trust him. He is honesty himself.
9.	And then they left me to myself.
10.	If one wants a thing done, one had best do it oneself.
11.	He noticed that there was someone standing between himself and the door.

Взаимные местоимения

Reciprocal Pronouns

К взаимным местоимениям относятся двойные местоимения one another один другого, each other друг друга.Each other относится к двум лицам или предметам, one another – к двум и более.

Tom and Ann looked at each other. They often meet one another in the cafe.

Том и Энн смотрели друг на друга. Они часто встречают друг друга в кафе.

Exercise 6.

State which of the pronouns in bold type are reciprocal. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.	They looked at one another in surprise.
2.	We couldn’t hear each other’s words for the wind.
3.	He smoked one cigarette after another.
4.	Although they lived in the same street they rarely saw each other.
5.	The new-comer shook hands with the host and nodded to every other in the room.
6.	They have known each other for ten years.

Exercise 7.

Use the correct reciprocal pronoun: each otherorone another.

1.	Tod and Mary looked at ____ and burst into laughter.
2.	You feel very relaxed among these people. How long have you known ____?
3.	The two cars have just crashed into ____.
4.	Many big cities in this country participate with ____.
5.	Sisters will never play peacefully together. They always claim for ____’s things.
6.	The delegates at the conference speak different languages and don’t understand ____.
7.	Let’s help ____.

Указательные местоимения

Demonstrative Pronouns

Единственное число	Множественное число
this	этот, эта, это	these	эти
that	тот, та, то	those	те

We shall stay here, at this place.	Мы остановимся здесь, на этом месте.
Give me those books.	Дай мне те книги.

Местоимение that (these, those)употребляется также какслово-заместитель для замены упомянутого ранее существительного. После него часто следует предлог of или определение. Переводится существительным, которое оно заменяет, или совсем не переводится.

Заменяя существительное во множественном числе, местоимение these часто приближается по значению к местоимению they (them)и соответственно переводится личным местоимением:

The story of the telephone is similar to that of the telegraph.	История развития телефона схожа с историей развития телеграфа.
He bought some exercise books and put these on the shelf.	Он купил несколько учебников и положил их на полку.

Exercise 8.

Choose thisorthese.

Model:

This is your briefcase. These are your books.

1.	____ questions are hard.
2.	____ seem very hard.
3.	____ seems very easy.
4.	____ lesson is simple.
5.	____ words are new.
6.	____ goes on ____ lines.

Exercise 9.

Choose thatorthose.

Model:

Is that man here now? Are those students ready?

1.	Are ____ your gloves?
2.	Does ____ seem difficult?
3.	Do ____ men speak English?
4.	Is ____ lesson very easy?
5.	Do ____ feel comfortable?
6.	Do ____ belong on ____ desk?
7.	Does ____ go in ____ drawers?

Exercise 10.

Choose sentences where that, thosesubstitute nouns.

1.	Natural rubber is of higher quality than that produced artificially.
2.	These factors taken together ensure high production efficiency.
3.	The pictures painted by Rembrant and those painted by Rubens have very little in common.
4.	Those are the lorries carrying our brothers to the mines.
5.	There are no richer art museums in this country than these of St Petersburg.
6.	The electric power output in our country cannot compare to that of pre-revolutionary Russia.
7.	Consumption of bread and potatoes is decreasing steadily while that of sugar is increasing despite doctors’ recommendations.
8.	The new technologies that are being developed must be connected with traditional ones.
9.	These devices are more reliable than those designed in our laboratory.
10.	An important matter is that of raising the effectiveness of external economic relations.
11.	For the last generation, Silicon Valley and Tokyo have been working to design computers that are ever easier to use.
12.	These control systems are more efficient than those described in that journal.
13.	A work generated by a computer may resemble that of a certain artist in both style and form.
14.	The simplest materials are those which have only one kind of atoms.
15.	The robots became so intelligent that they revolted.

Exercise 11.

Substitute thatorthosefor the repeated nouns.

1.	The pictures painted by Rembrandt and the pictures painted by Rubens have very little in common.
2.	The language in plays is usually easier and simpler than the language in novels.
3.	The music of Queen of Spades is more dramatic than the music of Eugene Onegin.
4.	The stories written by O. Henry are as full of life as the stories written by Mark Twain.
5.	Natural rubber is of higher quality than rubber produced artificially.