Ex.1. Find the English equivalents in the text
Засіб для виживання; виконувати завданнявиробництватарозподілу; не зважаючи на виникнення великої різноманітності; для того, щоб вирішити економічну проблему; почуття безпеки та психологічного комфорту;братидоуваги; обмежувативибірспоживачів; вільнепідприємництво; досягтиефективності; критикинеможутьзрозуміти; визначити з достатньою точністю; створення неформальної соціальної мережі; надавати дозвіл на ведення приватного бізнесу; контролювати основні сектори економіки; чистий ринок; характерні риси; структура ринкової системи; незалежно вирішувати; керувати основними галузями промисловості; отримуватибезкоштовнімедичніпослуги.
Ex.2. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following phrases.
To present itself as; to be tempted to say; in spite of; to come into play; the essential dilemma; production and distribution; to take advantage of; to solve economic problems; to do for a living; a sense of security and psychological comfort; a greater degree of autonomy; incentives for entrepreneurs; to stand for a market economy; the dominating motive; to formulate decisions; to direct enterprises; relevant aspects; intermingled with; to be notoriously corrupt; consumer preferences, shortages and surpluses; to reach a consensus on;fail to realize.
Ex.3. Give three forms of the following verbs. Find the sentences with these verbs in the text.
Deal, make, say, come, cost, choose, see, do, find, speak, be, sell.
Ex.4.Make up adjective +noun or noun +noun collocations (there may be several variants). Give examples either from the text or of your own.
Economic, basic, scientific, profit, free, private, decision, government, scarcity.
Problem, property, system, development, enterprise, questions, motive, maker, ownership.
Model:economic system
e.g. People have made use of a variety of economic systems.
Ex.5. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
| aneconomicsystem | a | economy, with some free enterprise and some government ownership | |
| a traditional economic system | b | an economic system in which the state or government manages the economy | |
| a market economic system | c | also commonly described as a free enterprise or capitalist system | |
| a planned economy or directed economy | d | one in which people's economic roles are the same as those of their parents and grandparents | |
| mixed economic system | e | one in which a nation's economic decisions are the result of individual decisions made by buyers and sellers in the marketplace | |
| laissez-faire | f | a way of answering three basic questions:what, how and for whom to produce |
Ex.6. Choose an appropriate word or a phrase to complete the following sentences.
Decision maker, a mechanism, traditional, basic and unfinished, in the distant past, a free enterprise or laissez-faire, a sense of security, owned and operated, government, in spite of.
1. To an economist, economic society presents itself as __________ for survival.
2. In fact, __________ the appearance of great variety, it is possible to group these different economic structures into four broad categories.
3. In traditional societies people use methods of production and distribution devised __________.
4. A __________ economy does not allow for much economic growth and development as changes are very slow and there is little social mobility.
5. The market system of economic organization is also commonly described as __________, or capitalist system.
6. Traditional economy provides __________ and psychological comfort.
7. In a command economic system, the main __________ is the government.
8. All countries today have mixed economic systems or mixed economies, with some free enterprise and some __________ ownership.
9. Government planners decide the answers to the __________ questions.
10. If almost all the stores, factories, and farms in a nation are __________ by private individuals or businesses, then its system is called free enterprise.