Unit 5 economic analysis (1)

I. Find the following word-combinations in the texts and translate them into Russian.

a) whether this will continue; to conserve scarce and expensive oil; on mastering the tools of the trade; it (model) deduces hoe people will behave; to concentrate on essentials; to work out; bridges are likely to be congested; sifting through all the facts; the facts alert us to the need; we regard the close factual relationship; without any logical underpinning; sooner or later; the blend of models and data

b) which price exhibited the larger percentage increase; assign the value; contain the same information; may pass unnoticed in the table

II. Find in the texts English equivalents for the following:

a) анализирует вопросы, относящиеся к описанию прошлого; поставит автомобилистов в еще более сложное положение; намеренное упрощение реальности; в час пик; стоять в очереди; особой, ключевой важности (слово); выработать единственную, точно правильную теорию; действительное совпадение; обращение к логическому умозаключению; совпадение, на которое можно не обращать внимания; ложная связь; теория должна проверяться на фактах; оценка того, какие доказательства можно рассматривать как уместные

b) среднегодовые цены на медь и серебро; определять значение; делить на;

становится сразу очевидным; строить диаграмму цифровых показателей; увеличилась в шесть раз; необычное поведение переменных; проходить незамеченным, временной ряд, структурный анализ

III. Say what is meant by:

this will penalize car users still further; a series of simplifying assumptions; manageable picture of reality; the crucial word is relevant; industrial inputs; to master the tools of trade; to square with relevant facts

IV. Listening

1. Listen to the lecture.

2. Do the tasks given in the textbook.

3. Listen to the lecture again, take notes to bе ready to write а summary of it.

V. Match the terms with their definitions

1. to deliberate     2. to square   3. to deduce   4. relevant 5. underpinning 6. time-series 7. coincidence   8. chart   9. apparent 10. to plot

a. a remarkable occurrence of events or ideas at the same time, suggesting but lacking a causal relationship; b. to determine or mark the location of a point on a graph by means of coordinates; c. to think or consider carefully and fully, especially in order to make a decision; d. supporting structures or foundations; e. readily understood or perceived; f. a group of facts about smth., set up in the form of a diagram, table, graph, etc.; g. to infer by logical reasoning; h. a set of variables with value related to the respective times the variables are measured; i. relating to a matter in hand; j. to bring into agreement; k. absolutely necessary;

VI. Match the words with their synonyms:

1. emphasis 2. deliberate 3. reasoning 4. to assign 5. to accord

a. intentional, prearranged b. proof, affirmation c. stress, accent d. analysis, deduction e. appoint, delegate f. conform, correspond

VII. Fill in the gaps in the texts with suitable words.

population; available; growth rate; food production; insecurity; relates; lack; aggregate; import; increase; significant; fluctuation; persistent; consumption; decline; roughly; crisis; developing; needs; access

The problem of food 1)______ has a long-term and a short-term dimension. The long-term aspect 2)______ to the chronic and 3)______ malnutrition of 4)______ sections of the population while the shorter-term insecurity is caused by year–to-year 5)______ in food 6) ______ levels.

With a population 7)______ of approximately 3.5 per cent per year (the highest in the 8)______ world), Africa has been able to manage an 9)______ in food production of only 1.5 per cent per year. Africa is the only one of the world’s developing areas to have suffered such a 10)______. Many African countries have suffered a precipitous decline in per capital 11)______ since the 1970s, as a result, they now 12)______ approximately 10 million tons of grain a year, an amount 13)______ equivalent to the 14)______ of its entire urban 15)______.

In dealing with Africa’s current food 16)______ and the chronic problems that underlie it, it is essential to recognize that many of the hungry are malnourished not because the 17)______ supply of food is inadequate but because the poor 18)______ the resources to gain 19)______ to the food which is 20)______.