GreenPeaCe ProteCtS the enVIronMent 3 страница
C u s t o m e r. $50! That’s quite expensive. I can’t afford that.
V e n d o r. These are hand painted pieces , that kind doesn’t come cheaply. C u s t o m e r. Yes, I understand that. But I really think that $50 is just
too much.
V e n d o r. Listen, I can see that you are in love with that plate. Let’s just make it $45. I’d really like you to take that home with you.
C u s t o m e r. How about $35. I really can’t go any higher than that. V e n d o r. I really can’t, I mean that would be selling at cost.
C u s t o m e r. Well, $38 is absolutely the most I can spend.
V e n d o r. All right. I really shouldn’t. The artist is going to have me put out of business for selling his wares at such low prices.
C u s t o m e r. Come, come. Let’s not exaggerate. V e n d o r. You’re a clever one, aren’t you?
C u s t o m e r. I’m just someone who pays close attention to what I spend. V e n d o r. There’s no shame in that. Here you are.
C u s t o m e r. Thank you very much.
V e n d o r. Thank you, have a pleasant day.
| 1) | What’s the customer interested in? | ||
| a) Some local pottery | b) | Some hand-painted cups | |
| c) Some handmade clothes | |||
| 2) | What’s special about the items? | ||
| a) They’re handicraft work | b) | They’re produced in Germany | |
| c) They’re porcelain. | |||
| 3) | Which price do they settle on? | ||
| a) $50 | b) | $35 | |
| c) $38 |
4) What does the vendor say the artist is going to do?
a) Put him out of business b) Give him a raise c) Provide a refund
5) Why does the customer demand a lower price?
a) The customer is very poor
b) The customer pays close attention to what he spends. с) The customer claims the plates are made in a factory. Key: 1 a, 2 a, 3 c, 4 a, 5 b.
7. summary
What would life be like without art?
8. Homework
Do ex. 5, p. 168.
Lesson 59
TYPeS oF art
Цілі:вдосконалювати лексичні навички й навички вимови; вдосконалювати навички аудіювання, читання й усного мовлення; розвивати логічне мислення; виховувати правильне ставлення до мистецтва, а також загальну культуру учнів.
Procedure
1. Warm-up
Do ex. 2, p. 165.
2. speaking
Do ex. 3, p. 165 (questions 7–11).
Клас
Дата
| 3. | Reading and writing Read the Internet page about types of art and fill in the chart. | |
| The different types of arts are classified in 2 categories i.e. fine arts | ||
| and performing arts. However, the term ‘art’ is considered different from ‘arts’. The former is used to group together only the visual forms of art. | ||
| Other types such as literature and performing arts do not come under the term ‘art’. So, let’s get into the details of different types of visual arts like painting, sculpting, etc. through this write-up. |
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ART
A broad classification of visual arts classifies them into different
groups like painting, drawing, sculpting, architecture, printmaking, ce-
ramics, photography, collage, digital graphics, film-making, etc. Earlier,
handicrafts and applied arts were not part of this category. It was only in
the beginning of 20th century that the ‘Arts and Crafts Movement’ (Bri- tain) brought a lease of life to these art forms. The following list gives us
a rough idea of different types of art forms to have evolved with time.
PAINTING
It is said that painting is the art of depicting the beauty of nature. For
some, painting could be a medium of expressing their feelings. For others it is
a way of depicting the surroundings they observe. Painting is basically an art of applying pigment to a surface (medium) such as canvas, paper, wall, wood
panel, etc. Brush is a tool commonly used for painting. There are many differ-
ent forms of painting. Landscape painting and abstract painting are the com-
mon. Classification of painting as per different criteria is presented below.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PURPOSE
The visual arts are divided into different types on the basis of purpose
for which they are created. The purpose of indulging into arts could be that
of self-expression, profit-making, religion or giving a social message.
TYPES BASED ON SUBJECT MATTER
Generally the subjects chosen for painting are nature, people, wildlife, objects, events, places, etc. The subject matter or topic chosen for creation of artworks is therefore, one of the important criteria for classifying visual arts.
MATERIALS AND MEDIUM USED
Based on the medium or materials used, paintings can be classified into different types such as acrylic, watercolor, mural, etc.
SCULPTING
A sculpture is a three-dimensional artwork created with the help of ma- terials like rocks, wood, plastic, clay, etc. Carving out a sculpture and as-
sembling it are the 2 different ways. In some cases, sculptures may also be
painted. The different types of sculptures are described below.
Free-standing Sculpture: This kind of sculpture is referred to as ‘in the round’ and it can be viewed from different angles.
Light Sculpture: This form of sculpture created from light is also known as light art. The fusion of modern art with creative use of artificial lights has led to the development of light art.
Sound Sculpture: It is a form of artwork in which sound is produced. Maryanne Amacher, Dennis Bathory-Kitsz, Alexander Calder and Harry Bertoia were amongst notable artists in this field.
Relief: In this form of sculpture, artworks are raised from a plane at which the base or main work is presented. Such artworks are generally ob- served on the walls of historic buildings. Stone and wood are the materials used for these sculptures. Chiseling the surface to create a raised sculpture is a tedious job involved in making these sculptures.
JEWELRY MAKING
There are many different shapes carved out of precious stones, metals, shells, etc. to make jewelry items.
NEW AGE VISUAL ARTS
The new age arts are a product of industrial revolution. Development of technology leads to use of different techniques for creating these artworks. Photography is one such art to have developed with the invention of camera and photographic film.
PHOTOGRAPHY
In the art of photography, pictures or images are created with the help of different light patterns. These light patterns when emitted or reflect- ed from the surface of objects are captured on a sensitive medium (earlier times) or storage chips (nowadays). Lens of a camera plays an important part in capturing images. The lens helps focus the light emitted from the object to be photographed. The table given below presents a list of different types of photography.
DIGITAL ART
The digital or computer art is widely used in creating websites, video games, clip arts, templates etc. Use of computer in the field of visual arts be- gan in the 1960s. In today’s digital art industry, animation is the buzzword. Use of 3D animation techniques is made in many different fields like filmmak- ing, TV advertising, web advertising, etc. Digital technology has given a boost to the art industry since newer and innovative tools have been developed.
FILMMAKING
The art of filmmaking comes under the discipline of visual arts. How- ever, scriptwriting, music, and many such arts converge and complement each other in this art form. A story or script is the core or soul of a film. It acts as a thread that guides the process of making a film. Incorporating features like audio and video offer viewers with a complete and fulfilling experience. It is the main reason why movies have become so popular.
The topic of visual arts is vast and a rough outline of different forms of these arts is presented above. Many other art forms like literature and performing arts are, however, not included. The brief account of different types of art presented above should help readers gain a better understand- ing of them.