Comment on your own examples for most commonly used figures of speech
Classify the given examples 1) according to the division into tropes and figures of speech; 2) identify the stylistic device; 3) specify the nature and peculiarities of the given stylistic device.
1. The possessive instinct never stands still. Through florescence and feud, frosts and fires it follows the laws of progression. (John Galsworthy)
2. Mr. Dombey’s cup of satisfaction was so full at this moment, however, that he felt he could afford a drop or two of its contents even to sprinkle on the dust in the by-path of his little daughter. (Ch. Dickens )
3. As the sword is the worst argument that can be used, so should it be the last. (G.Byron)
4. “Never mind,” said the stranger, “said enough – no more; smart chap that cabman – handled his fives well; but if I’d been your friend in the green jemmy – damn me – punch his head - , God I would – pig’s whisper – no gammon.” - “This coherent speech was interrupted by the entrance of the orchestra ….” (Ch. Dickens)
5. I despise its (New York) very vastness and power. It has the poorest millionaires, the littlest great men, the plainest beauties, the lowest skyscrapers of any town I saw.
6. Society is now one polished horde,
From’d of two mighty tribes, the Bores and Bored. (G.Byron)
7. You are the purveyor of terminological inexactitudes. (W.Churchill)
8. And so, from hour to hour, we ripe and ripe,
And then, from hour to hour, we rot and rot. (W.Shakespeare)
9. Deep into the darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before. (E.A.Poe)
10. Little by little, bit by bit, and day by day , and year by year the baron got the worst of some disputed question. (S. Maugham)
11. Youth is lovely, age is lonely,
by Youth is fiery, age is frosty. (H.W. Longfello).
Recommended Literature
1. Akhmanova Olga. What is the English we use? Moscow University Press, M., 1973.
2. Задорнова В.Я. Стилистика английского языка (методические указания). – МГУ, 1986. (на англ. языке)
3. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика английского языка. М., 1977.
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
1. The object of lexicology. Types of lexical units.
2. The morphological structure of an English word. Productivity and affixation.
3. Types of homonyms. The origin of homonyms. Etymological homonyms. Homonymy as "next step in polysemy."
4. V.V.Vinogradov’s theory of the main types of lexical meanings.
5. Synonymy. Synonymic dominant. Contextual and total synonyms. Sources of synonymy. Synonymic condensation.
6. Paronymy. Paronymic attraction in various registers.
7. The difference between free word-combinations and collocations. Phrasal verbs. Their structure and meaning. Nominalized forms. Idioms proper.
8. Lexical stratification of a scientific text. Terminology. The difference between terms and words of general language.
9. The sources of term formation. Different types of borrowings.
10. The main postulates of learner's lexicography. Learner’s monolingual dictionaries of English in the user’s perspective.
11. The problem of semantic equivalence in bilingual dictionaries. Bilingual dictionaries in the user’s perspective.
12. The object of morphology. The difference between lexical and grammatical morphology. The concept of grammatical morphological category. Grammatical form. Marked/ unmarked grammatical forms.
13. The categories of tense, taxes and aspect of the verb in English and Russian .
14. Syntax and syntagmatics. The difference between monolexemic words, phraseological units and word-combinations. Categorial approach to the study of word-combinations.
15. The notion of a sentence. Predication. Syntactic bond.
16. Static syntax. Non-predicative syntactic bonds. Secondary parts of the sentence. Dynamic syntax. Predicative bond. Actual division of the sentence.
17. Parenthetic insertion. Classification of insertions. Phrasing and syntagms. Phrasing in oral speech.
18. Hypersyntax. Types of paragraphs. Paragraph arrangement.
19. Stylistics. Definition of the term "connotation" The types of connotations.