Climate and Weather in Murmansk Region
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (текст А):
For two hundred days a year Murmansk is covered with snow, although in the south of the region the winter is slightly shorter.
The ice masses of the North Pole and the warmth of the Gulf Stream influence the weather. Professional meteorologists classify the climate of the Murmansk coast as moderate Atlantic-Arctic with mild winters and cool summers. On the other hand, the more southerly town of Kandalaksha has a continental climate, which differs from that in Murmansk.
The Polar Night officially begins on November 29th and lasts until January 15th. The hours of darkness last longer and longer until the longest night, which is on December 22nd. During this period you may see the unusual natural phenomenon of the Northern Lights. January and February are usually very cold. There are blizzards as well as gale force winds with average speeds of up to 15 metres per second. Hurricanes are also not uncommon and then the wind speed can reach more than 40 metres per second.
In Murmansk, Kola and Severomorsk severe frosts are accompanied by fog, which rises from relatively warm ice-free waters of the Gulf of Kola.
The sun only begins to shine on the Kola Peninsula in the middle of January. March is the brightest and sunniest month of the year. The skiing season begins and in April skiers can even get a sun-tan, but the real spring comes to Murmansk only in the end of April or the beginning of May. The official beginning of the Polar Day is May 22nd, when the sun doesn’t set at all. The White Nights last until July 22nd.
Summer beyond the Arctic Circle is short. July is the warmest month, when the average temperature is 10 C (degrees above zero). Sometimes it can get to as hot as 30 C (degrees above zero). In the southern parts of the region hot weather is more common and every single year it is warm enough for people to swim. In the summer towns become deserted and most Northerners do their best to spend their holidays in the south of Russia.
August often marks the beginning of autumn. The weather turns drizzly. Autumn lasts until October. Gloomy days can sometimes be interrupted by a spell of lovely weather, an Indian summer or Babiye Lyeto, as it is known in Russia. The weather in October is cold and miserable before the first unwelcome snow starts to fall. From this time the sun hardly ever shines.
On the territory around the Gulf of Kola the average temperature in winter is -10 C (ten degrees below zero), although this figure can drop to -30 C. Winds make the frost unbearable. In the continental part of the peninsula winter temperatures are lower but they are easier to endure as the wind is not as damp as on the coast.
Тематический словарь
| to influence the weather – влиять на погоду on the other hand – с другой стороны natural phenomenon – природное явление the Northern Lights – северное сияние blizzard – метель average – средний per second – в секунду hurricane – ураган severe frosts – сильные морозы | the Kola Peninsula – Кольский полуостров to get a sun-tan – загореть beyond the Arctic Circle – за Северным полярным кругом spell of lovely weather – период хорошей погоды miserable – отвратительный unbearable – невыносимый to endure – терпеть |
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:
на юге региона; мягкие зимы; континентальный климат; в течение этого периода; скорость ветра; сопровождаются; средняя температура; достаточно тепло, чтобы; на континентальной части полуострова; терпеть.
3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1. What influences the weather in Murmansk region?
2. How do professional meteorologists classify the climate of the Murmansk coast?
3. When does the Polar Night begin?
4. What natural phenomenon can you see during the Polar Night?
5. What is the brightest month of the year?
6. When does the skiing season begin?
7. How long do the White Nights last?
8. How can you characterize summer beyond the Arctic Circle?
9. What makes the frost unbearable?
10. Why is it easier to endure the low temperatures in the continental part of the peninsula?
London
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (текст А):
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million.
London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world.
Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other and seem to belong to different towns and epochs.
The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is St Paul's Cathedral, the greatest of English churches. It was built in the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal palace and a prison. Now it is a museum.
Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London.
Westminster Abbey has more historic associations than any other building in Britain. Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned here. Many outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers, poets and painters are buried here: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling, etc.
Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as "Big Ben".
Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.
The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs, and theatres are situated there. There are splendid houses and lovely gardens belonging to wealthy people.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson's victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the square.
On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. Not far away is the British Museum – the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc, and is famous for its library.
Тематический словарь
epoch – эпоха
the Stock Exchange – Лондонская фондовая биржа
the Old Bailey – Центральный уголовный суд, находящийся в Олд-Бейли
St Paul's Cathedral – собор св. Павла (главный собор англиканской церкви)
the Tower of London – Лондонский Тауэр
a fortress – крепость
Westminster Abbey – Вестминстерское аббатство
a statesman – государственный деятель
Westminster Palace (the Houses of Parliament) – Вестминстерский дворец
(здание английского парламента)
Big Ben – "Большой Бен" (колокол часов-курантов на здании парламента, бой которых передается ежедневно по радио как сигнал точного времени)
Buckingham Palace – Букингемский дворец
(главная королевская резиденция в Лондоне)
Trafalgar Square – Трафальгарская площадь
in memory of – в память о
the National Gallery – Национальная галерея (крупнейшее в Великобритании собрание картин)
the National Portrait Gallery – Национальная портретная галерея
the British Museum – Британский музей (один из крупнейших в мире)
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:
один из самых больших городов мира; разделен на несколько частей; многочисленные; старинные здания; возможно; самый поразительный; был использован в качестве; знаменитые; богатство и роскошь; в битве; бесценная коллекция.
3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1. Is London one of the largest cities in the world?
2. What is the population of London?
3. Traditionally London is divided into several parts. Can you name them?
4. What do you know about the City?
5. Who was St Paul’s Cathedral build by?
6. Who founded the Tower of London?
7. What is the historic, the governmental part of London?
8. What building has more historic associations than any other building in London?
9. Can you describe Trafalgar Square?
10. What are the most famous London museums and art galleries?
4. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова и словосочетания (текст Б):
maze, modern music, tired, Buckingham Palace, shoppers, the Tower of London, the Natural History Museum.
“When a man is tired of London, he is 1___ of life,” Dr Samuel Johnson said. Over two hundred years later, Dr Johnson is still right! London is the place to be, with so many different things to do and places to visit. Here are a few.
You can visit 2___; the Queen’s London home and see the Changing of the Guard at 11 a.m. every day. In 3___ you can see the Crown Jewels and visit the place where many famous prisoners lived and died. You can take a boat trip on the Thames to Hampton Court, where Henry VIII lived with five of his six wives. In the gardens of the palace is a famous 4___, which is easy to get into but not so easy to get out of!
London is one of the best places to be on a rainy day (which is quite often!), because of all its museums and galleries. If you like machines, you must go to the Science Museum. Next door you will find 5___ with its excellent dinosaur exhibition.
London attracts 6___ from all over the world for the latest fashion. The main shopping area is in the West End, around Oxford Street. There are also famous street markets at Portobello Road, Camden Lock and Petticoat Lane where you can buy anything from jewellery to expensive antiques.
There is always a wide choice of plays to see at London’s many theatres in the West End around Covent Garden. There are many clubs with 7___ like house or jungle or more traditional music like salsa and samba. Music lovers can also find many places for top quality classical, jazz and pop music.
Murmansk
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (текст А):
Murmansk is the administrative, transport, industrial and cultural centre of Murmansk region which is situated beyond the Polar circle. It's washed by the Barents Sea and the White Sea. It borders onFinland and Norway.
Murmansk is the biggest city in the region. Nearly 300000 people live here.
Generally, Murmansk has an interesting history. It was founded in the reign of the Romanov Tsar, Nicholas II and was originally called Romanov-on-Murman. In 1914 the first world war began. Our country needed a never-freezing sea port and a railway which connected this port with the capital of our country, because the other ports were occupied. That's why the decision to construct the sea port and the railway which connected St. Petersburg with the new port began here. It was called "Murmanka". At first there were the settlements of the railway builders, port builders and naval base builders. Joining together they formed a town with population about 10000. In 1917 the town was renamed Murmansk.
There are three administrative districts in Murmansk: Northern, Southern and Central. The centre of the city is Five Corners Square. It's called in such a way, because some time ago the roads here formed 5 corners, but now there are only four of them! Citizens like to go for a walk here. There is the «Arctica» Hotel in the centre of the square. At the beginning of the 1930s it was a wooden two-storeyed building. Now it's the highest building of the city.
There are 250 avenues, streets, squares in our city. At first it was planned to build 17 avenues and streets in the city. The central street on the plan was called Nicolaevsky Avenue, to the south of it Alexandrovsky, Michailovsky and Alexeevsky Avenues and Vladimirskaya and Olginskaya Streets were built and called in such a way in honour of the members of the tsar's family. Nowadays most of the streets have other names.
The most northern trolleybuses in the world travel along the streets of Murmansk. Murmansk is the scientific and educational centre of the polar region. Naturally, education is also a very high priority.
There are more than 60 institutions in Murmansk region. Many of them have friendly and educational links with similar establishments abroad. Young people can get special education and training at the Murmansk Maritime College, the Murmansk College of Music, the Murmansk Medical School and the Murmansk Teacher Training University.
Among the most important educational establishments are the Murmansk State Technical University. The world's famous sailing vessel "Sedov" belongs to the Technical University.
Besides educational establishments there is a Philharmonic Society and Musical College in Murmansk. There are also 14 culture centres and 6 musical schools in Murmansk.
As during World War II Murmansk was nearly destroyed during bombings it took some time to rebuilt the city after the war, that's why there are not so many old buildings in Murmansk, most of them were built in 50-60s.
You can also find a lot of monuments dedicated to heroes of the war such as a monument to the young hero of the Great Patriotic war Anatoly Bredov, Alesha (a monument in honour of all defendersof Kola Peninsular during World War II) and just famous people. One of the best monuments of our city is a sculpture of the Saint brothers Cyril and Methodius. They are the founders of Slavic written language. This monument is a gift from the Bulgarians to Murmansk. The monument is situated near the Public Library. In the left wing of the library there is the Murmansk Regional Puppet Theatre, which is the oldest in our city. It was founded in 1933. It is aimed both at children, and at adults. It is worth visiting. This theatre is loved by both children and adults. The theatre is considered to be one of the best puppet theatres in Russia. Besides Puppet Theatre there are two drama theatres in Murmansk: State Drama Theatre and Theatre of Northern Fleet.
Murmansk is a sea port city. All of its large plants are connected with the sea. These include the Merchant Sea Port (founded in 1915). This very port gave the life to our city. Its first moorings were constructed in 1915 and accepted the first American ship "Drot" in the same year. The Murmansk plants are also connected with the Fish Processing Plant and the Murmansk Fishing Port.
There are also regular boat trips to the open sea and cruises to the islands of SpitsBergen and Novaya Zemlya and even to the North Pole.
There are a lot of places of entertainment in Murmansk such as cinemas (three cinema halls, the oldest is RODINA), dance clubs, cafes and restaurants, bowlings etc.
подготовила студентка
2 курса юридического факультета
Головинова Анна
Тематический словарь
| to border – граничить in the reign of – в годы царствования settlement – поселение two-storeyed – двухэтажный in honour of – в честь priority – приоритет | establishment – учреждение dedicated – посвященный defender – защитник worth – заслуживающий, имеющий значение consider – рассматривать connect – связывать |
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:
был основан; поэтому; был переименован; жители города; центральная улица; члены царской семьи; получить специальное образование; парусник; дар; развлечение.
3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1. When was Murmansk founded?
2. How many administrative districts are there in Murmansk?
3. Where can young people get special education and training in Murmansk?
4. Are there many old buildings in Murmansk?
5. Can you name any monuments dedicated to heroes of the war?
6. What monument is a gift from the Bulgarians to Murmansk?
7. What theatre is considered to be one of the best theatres in Russia?
8. All large plants in Murmansk are connected with the sea, aren’t they?
9. Are there any boat trips to the open sea?
10. What places of entertainment in Murmansk can you name?
4. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова и словосочетания (текст Б):
calendar; linked; foundation; the competitions; different countries; celebrated; merchant port; reminds.
If you haven’t seen Murmansk from the see, you don’t know how lovely it can be. In Murmansk everything 1___ you of the sea. And the life of its people is 2___ with the sea in one way or another. Some of them are fisherman, others repair ships, work at the port. Murmansk has a large 3___. It was here that the town came into being. Ships call at the port round the year. The bay does not freeze usually. It is warmed by the Gulf Stream, so Murmansk is open to fishing trawlers round the year.
Official date of the town’s 4___ is the 4th of October (21st of September) 1916. The word “murman” comes from the Saam words “mur” – sea, and “man” – land, shore. “A town on the sea shore”, which is perfectly correct and sounds poetically. Before the first hunts were built, the “lord” of these parts was pomor Semyon Korzhnev. Today lakes, a harbour and a mountain are named after him.
The Festival of the North known as the Polar Olympics has been 5___ since 1934. It was included in 1970 in the international 6___ of sporting events. Each spring sportsmen from 7___ take part in a grand event arranged to “see off” the winter sports season. The programme consists of skiing, slalom, ski jumping, ice hockey, figure skating. The most interesting features of this festival are reindeer races and 8___ in which reindeers pull men on skis. Inhabitants of the Saami village of Lovozero are the acknowledged masters of this rare sport. The Festival of the North is popular not only in Russia but also abroad.
Asking the Way
1. Прочитайте и переведите следующие диалоги:
Диалог № 1
- Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Trafalgar Square?
- Certainly. Go down Regent Street to Piccadilly Circus. Then turn to the left and in less than a minute you’ll be in Trafalgar Square.
- Thank you very much. How far is it from here?
- If you walk, it will take you ten minutes or a quarter of an hour.
- Is there a bus?
- There is sure to be. But you’d better ask the policeman over there. He’ll give you all the information you want.
- Thank you.
- Not at all.
* * *
- Excuse me, officer, is there a bus from here to Trafalgar Square?
- Yes, sir, any bus will take you. There is a bus stop just over there. Ask the conductor to put you down at Trafalgar Square.
- Thank you.
Диалог № 2
- Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the Monument?
- Turn round and turn left at the traffic lights.
- Will it take me long to get there?
- Oh, no. It’s no distance at all.
- Thank you very much.
- That’s quite all right.
Диалог № 3
- Excuse me, but I’m trying to find the British Museum.
- First left, second right. You can’t miss it.
- Is it too far to walk?
- No, it’s only a couple of yards.
- Thanks very much.
- That’s all right.
Диалог № 4
- Could you tell me the way to Manchester Road, please?
- Yes, certainly. Go straight along this street, past the traffic lights and the Post Office.
- Yes.
- And then turn to the left and keep straight on until you come to some traffic lights.
- Yes.
- Turn right there and keep straight on until you come to Manchester Road.
- I see. I go straight along this street past the traffic lights and the Post Office …
- Yes.
- And then I turn to the left, I think you said …
- Yes. That is right. And after that you take the next turning to the right.
- Is it far?
- No, not really. It’s about twelve minutes’ walk from here.
- Oh, it’ll take me more than that. Could I get there by bus?
- Yes, but in that case you must go a hundred yards back. Keep on this side of the street until you come to the bus stop. A 151 will take you right to Manchester Road.
- Thank you very much indeed.
- It’s a pleasure, madam.
2. Составьте диалог по теме “Asking the Way”. Используйте следующие слова и словосочетания:
| Can you tell me how to get to …? Can you tell me the way to …? Could you tell me where … is? I think I am lost. Which bus goes to …? Does this bus go to …? What trolleybus should I take to get to..? How often does this bus go? How long will it take to get to …? Do I have to change anywhere? Where must I get off? Take bus number … It takes about … minutes. It goes every 15 minutes. There will be another one in 10 minutes. Go straight ahead for about two blocks. | Go along this road. Go past the post office. Go through the park. Go by bus (trolleybus). Go on foot. Turn left, right. Take 5 stops by bus. Take the second street on the right. Take the third turning to the left. Cross over the avenue at the traffic lights. It’s on the corner. It’s opposite the bus stop. It’s just across the street. to get on/off the bus to miss the bus |
Shopping
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (текст А):
When we want to buy something, we go to a shop. There are many kinds of shops in every town or city, but most of them have a food supermarket, a department store, men's and women's clothing stores, a grocery, a bakery and
a butchery.
I like to do my shopping at big department stores and supermarkets. They sell various goods under one roof and this is very convenient.
A department store, for example, true to its name, is composed of many departments: ready-made clothes, fabrics, shoes, sports goods, toys, china and glass, electric appliances, cosmetics, linen, curtains, cameras, records, etc. You can buy everything you like there. There are also escalators in big stores which take customers to different floors.
The things for sale are on the counters so that they can be easily seen. In the women's clothing department you can find dresses, costumes, blouses, skirts, coats, beautiful underwear and many other things.
In the men's clothing department you can choose suits, trousers, overcoats, ties, etc. In the knitwear department one can buy sweaters, cardigans, short-sleeved and long-sleeved pullovers, woolen jackets. In the perfumery they sell face cream and powder, lipstick, lotions and shampoos.
In a food supermarket we can also buy many different things at once: sausages, fish, sugar, macaroni, flour, cereal, and tea. At the butcher's there is a wide choice of meat and poultry. At the bakery you buy brown and white bread, rolls, and biscuits.
Another shop we frequently go to is the greengrocery which is stocked with cabbage, potatoes, onions, cucumbers, carrots, green peas and what not. Everything is sold here ready-weighed and packed. If you call round at a dairy you can buy milk, cream, cheese, butter and many other products.
The method of shopping may vary. It may be a self-service shop where the customer goes from counter to counter selecting and putting into a basket what he wishes to buy. Then he takes the basket to the check-out counter, where the prices of the purchases are added up. If it is not a self-service shop, the shop-assistant helps the customer in finding what he wants. You pay money to the cashier and he gives you back the change.
Тематический словарь
| a department store – универсальный магазин a grocery – бакалея a bakery – булочная a butchery – мясная лавка to do shopping – делать покупки departments – отделы fabrics – ткани china – фарфоровая посуда appliances – приборы | on the counters – на прилавке knitwear – трикотаж poultry – птица the greengrocery – овощной магазин a dairy – отдел молочных продуктов a self-service shop – магазин самообслуживания the customer – покупатель the cashier – кассир |
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:
виды магазинов; большинство из них; различные товары; оправдывает свое название; готовая одежда; сразу; часто; взвешенный; упакованный; выбирая; контрольно-кассовый пункт; покупки.
3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по теме “Shopping”
1. Who does the shopping in your family?
2. How often do you go shopping?
3. Do you prefer to go shopping on weekdays or at the weekend?
4. Do you like to go to small shops or to big department stores and supermarkets?
5. Which do you think is the most convenient time for shopping?
6. Some people are fond of window-shopping (разглядывание витрин). Can you say that you belong to such people?
7. What are advantages and disadvantages of big supermarkets?
8. Can you see a difference between state-owned shops and private shops? Which ones do you prefer?
4. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова (текст Б):
displays; designer; visit; high; antiquarian; shopping; price.
London is still one of the liveliest 1___ cities in the world. Within just a few minutes' walk you can find both vast department stores, with glittering window 2___, and tiny, cluttered rooms where one customer almost fills the entire shop. Many of the most famous London shops are in Knightsbridge or Regent Street, where prices can be steep, but Oxford Street, which is packed with a huge number of shops offering quality goods at a range of prices, is also worth a 3___.
The king of London's department stores, by tradition is Harrod's, with its 300 departments and staff about 4,000. The elaborately decorated, spectacular food hall has splendid displays of fish, cheese, fruit and vegetables; other specialities include fashions for all ages, china and glass, electronics and kitchenware.
Though Harrod's is still just as popular, Londoners often head instead for nearby Harvey Nichols, which aims to stock the best of everything with the price tags to match. Clothes are particularly strong, with the emphasis firmly on very 4___ fashion, with many talented British, European and American names represented. There is also an impressive menswear section. The food hall, opened in 1992, is one of the most stylish in London.
Selfridge's vast building on Oxford Street houses everything from Gucci bags and Hermes scarves to household gadgets and bed-linen.
Marks and Spencer has come a long way since 1882 when Russian émigré Michael Marks had a stall in Leeds's Kirkgate market under the sign, "Don't ask the 5___ — it's a penny!" It now has over 680 stores worldwide. It stocks reliable versions of more expensive clothes — Marks and Spencer's underwear in particular is a staple of the British wardrobe.
Meccas for those who enjoy searching for a bargain, London's colourful markets such as Brick Lane, Petticoat Lane and Portobello Road reflect also the vibrant street life with its enterprising multiracial community. Specialist shoppers will easily find streets crammed with antique shops, 6___ booksellers and art galleries, the 7___ clothes and accessories shops. British designers excel in the opposite extremes of the market — traditional tailoring and street fashions.
5. Прочитайте и переведите следующие диалоги:
Диалог № 1
- Can I help you?
- No, it's all right, thanks, I'm just looking round.
- Have a look around then. May be you would like something in our shop.
(in some minutes)
I like this navy-blue jacket very much. Can I try it on?
- Certainly. The fitting room is in the right-hand corner.
- Oh, it suits me very well, doesn't it?
- That's a really nice jacket. Pure wool, a modern fashion.
- How much is it?
- 55 pounds. English clothes are really good value. They are so well-made.
- All right. I can afford the price.
Диалог № 2
- Hello, I'm looking for a pullover. Can you show me one?
- Certainly, madam. What kind of pullover do you want?
- A woolen one. Medium size.
- How about this one? It's very attractive
- Yes, but it's too thick.
- How about this yellow one?
- Oh, it's quite nice but it's too short and I don't like the colour.
- What colour do you want?
- I think blue or brown will do.
- Well, we have some pullovers of that colour. Here they are. Which one do you like best?
- Can I try this brown one?
- Of course, madam. ...Oh, it fits you perfectly. It's exactly your size.
- Yes, but I don't think it suits me. Can I try that blue one? It matches the colour of my eyes.
- Unfortunately, we can't offer you exactly what you want. The colour, size, material, price are all wrong. Try another shop, please.
- Excuse me, please.
- That's right. But you'd better go to a big supermarket next time. You'll find everything there.
- Thank you very much. It was very kind of you to explain me all that. I'm a foreigner here and I'm not accustomed to your service and prices yet.
Диалог № 3
- Can you show me some cameras, please?
- Certainly, sir … this one’s very good.
- Yes, it is. How much is it?
- 85 pounds.
- Oh, dear. That’s very expensive.
- Hmm, I see … that one isn’t expensive, sir.
- What make is it?
- It’s a Kodak … it’s 47 pounds.
- Hmm … Can you show it to me?
Диалог № 4
- Can I help you?
- Yes, please. I would like to have something from this shopping list.
- Oh, your shopping list is very big. We stock only three items you ask for: butter, milk and cheese.
- Two packets of butter, a pound of cheese and three bottles of milk, please.
- Here they are. Pay by cheque at the cash desk.
- Excuse me, do you happen to know where I could find some ham, minced meat and beef sausages?
- They are all sold at the butcher's.
- And I wonder if you stock any cigarettes here?
- I'm afraid we don't. You should try the shop next door for the cigarettes.
6. Составьте диалог по теме “Shopping”. Используйте следующие слова и словосочетания:
| How much is this? May try it on? Where is the fitting room? Can you wrap it? Does it fit? It fits very well. It doesn’t fit. | It suits me. It’s a bargain. I think it’s too big, small for me. What size are you? It’s exactly your size. How does it look? Will it be cash or credit card? |
Meals / At a Restaurant
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (текст А):
The English usually have 4 meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea (5 o'clock) and dinner. Breakfast can be a full "English breakfast" of cornflakes with milk and sugar, or bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade, tea or coffee. Some people, however, have just a cup of tea or coffee with a toast or something similar. This is usually called a "continental breakfast".
At midday everything is stopped for lunch. Most offices and small shops are closed for an hour and the city pavements arc full of people on their way to cafes, coffee bars, restaurants. Factory workers usually eat in their canteens.
The English like what they call "good plain food". They must be able to recognize what they are eating. Usually they like steak, roast beef, Yorkshire pudding and fish and chips.
Afternoon tea is taken at about 5 o'clock, but it can hardly be called a meal. It is a cup of tea and cake or biscuits. At the weekends afternoon tea is a special occasion. Friends and visitors are often invited to have a chat over a cup of tea.
Dinner is the most substantial meal of the day. It is usually eaten at 7 o'clock. The first course may be soup (though the English don't like it very much). The main course will often be fish or meat, perhaps the traditional roast beef of old England, and a lot of vegetables. The next course will be something sweet and often cooked, such as a fruit pie. Last of all there may be cheese, often with biscuits.
It is common knowledge that the English are very fond of tea. They like to have "a nice cup of tea" 6 or 8 times a day, sometimes even more.
On Christmas Day a roast turkey is traditionally cooked for dinner. It is usually followed by Christmas pudding. Long before Christmas housewives begin to plan what cake to make for Christmas. Usually they make fantastic Christmas cakes.
Тематический словарь
| bacon and eggs – яичница с беконом marmalade – джем, конфитюр, обычно из апельсинов и лимонов, часто с цедрой (подается к утреннему завтраку) similar – подобный, похожий pavement – тротуар canteen – столовая plain food – простая пища steak – кусок мяса, лангет, бифштекс Yorkshire pudding – йоркширский пудинг (жидкое пресное тесто, которое запекается под куском мяса на рашпере и впитывает стекающий сок) | fish and chips – рыба с картофелем во фритюре (популярное дешевое блюдо) it can hardly be called... – вряд ли это можно назвать special occasion – особый случай, событие to have a chat – болтать substantial – зд. плотный first course – первое блюдо main course – второе блюдо fruit pie – фруктовый пирог it is common knowledge – всем известно roast turkey – жареная индейка Christmas pudding – рождественский пудинг (с изюмом, цукатами и пряностями) |
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:
принятие пищи; еда; тем не менее; в полдень; узнавать; приглашены; хотя; возможно; овощи; на обед.
3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1. How many meals a day do the English have?
2. What is the traditional English breakfast like?
3. What is usually called a "continental breakfast"?
4. When do the English usually have lunch?
5. Why do the English like "good plain food"?
6. What kind of meal is five o'clock tea in England?
7. What do the English usually have for dinner?
8. The English are fond of tea, aren't they?
9. What is the traditional dish for Christmas table?
10. What other dishes are popular in England?
4. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова и словосочетания (текст Б):
prices; restaurants; fast; occasions; vegetarians; breakfast; pizza; recipe books; enjoyable; ingredients.
Years ago a Frenchman said that the only way to eat well in Britain was to eat 1___ three times a day. And, let's be honest, most British food was terrible – overcooked vegetables, greasy sausages, boring sandwiches. For a lot of people, eating was something you had to do to survive; it was certainly not an 2___ experience. But things have changed …
Food has become very important in Britain. TV cooks are more famous than writers and their 3___ are bestsellers.
More of us eat out regularly and we can get excellent food in lots of different kinds of 4___ – French, Indian, Italian, Greek, Thai, Indonesian … even British! Traditional British pubs serve surprisingly good meals at good 5___.
British supermarkets are now full of exotic cooking 6___: sauces, pasta, cheese, fruit and vegetables.
The British love all kinds of 'international' food. The most popular is now 7___ and, according to a recent survey, 40% of British families have a curry for Sunday lunch, instead of traditional dishes like roast beef.
We eat less meat and more fresh fruit and vegetables. A growing number of people are becoming 8___. Even children know about sugar-free sweets.
That is the good news. Unfortunately, there is also some bad news. As we work harder and have less time, we are eating more and more 9___ food and doing less exercise. For lunch, many of us have a hamburger or sandwich and when we come home in the evening we put our ready-made dinner into the microwave before sitting down in front of the TV. Meals are no longer family 10___.
5. Прочитайте и переведите следующие диалоги:
Диалог № 1(between a waiter and a client)
W: Good evening, madam (sir).
C: Good evening. We'd like a table for 2, please.
W: Where would you like to sit?
C: Could we have a table near the window, please?
W: Certainly. Follow me, please. Is this table all right?
C: That's fine. Could we have the menu, please?
W: Certainly.
C: What would you recommend?
W: The soup of the day is French onion soup.
C: We have to make up our mind. We'll order in a few minutes.
Диалог № 2 (between John and Mary)
M: Do you want an appetizer, John? ,
J: No, thanks. Let's order a dinner without an appetizer. What about the second course? What would you like - veal, roast beef, steak or chicken?
M: We've had chicken at home rather often. When we eat out, I'd like to
get something we don't have at home. As for me, I'd like to have a steak.
J: So would I.
W: Are you ready to order?
J: Yes. Can we begin with the salad?
W: Certainly, sir. What kind of dressing would you like?
J: Just olive oil and vinegar for both of us.
W: And for the main course?
J: We'd like 2 portions of French onion soup.
W: And for the second course?
J: Two steaks, please.
W: How would you like your steak: rare, medium or well done?
J: Well done, please.
W: That's fine. What vegetables would you like?
J: Mashed potatoes.
W: Would you like to order some wine?
J: Yes. Can I see the wine list? A bottle of French red, please.
W: Would you like mineral water?
J: Yes, please.
W: Fizzy or still mineral water?
J: Still, please.
W: Fine. Would you like to order your dessert now?
J: Can we order it later?
W: Of course.
J: That was delicious.
W: Thank you very much. Would you like some coffee or tea?
J: Yes, black coffee, please. Can we have the bill?
W: Of course.
J: Is the service included?
W: No, it isn't, sir.
J: Can I pay by credit card?
W: Certainly.
6. Составьте диалог по теме “At a restaurant”. Используйте следующие слова и словосочетания:
| Is this table free? This table has been reserved. I’d like the menu, please. Here you are. starter – первое блюдо main course – главное блюдо appetizer – закуска meat dishes – мясные блюда steak (rare/medium/well-done) chop – отбивная котлета beef – говядина veal – телятина lamb – баранина pork – свинина soft drinks – безалкогольные напитки | garnish – гарнир french potatoes – жареный картофель dressing – приправа fish and sea food – рыбные блюда boiled – вареный roast/fried – жареный baked – печеный grilled – жареный на вертеле stewed – тушеный smoked – копченый French cuisine – французская кухня too hot/spicy – слишком острая overdone – пережарено underdone – недожарено |
The UK
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (текст А):
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech 'Great Britain' is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the UK is London.
The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest – east, centre and south-east – is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343m).
There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.
The UK is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour,the Conservative and the Liberal parties.
Тематический словарь
| The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии the British Isles – Британские острова Cardiff – Кардифф Edinburgh ['edinbərə] – Эдинбург Belfast [bel'fa:st] – Белфаст the North Sea – Северное море the English Channel – Английский канал (принятое в Великобритании название пролива Ла-Манш) the Irish ['aiəriʃ] Sea – Ирландское море the Highlands – гористая часть | the Lowlands – низменная часть urban – городской highly developed – высокоразвитый machinery – машинное оборудование navigation – судоходство equipment – оборудование shipbuilding – кораблестроение constitutional monarchy – конституционная монархия the House of Lords – палата лордов the House of Commons – палата общин the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties – Лейбористская, Консервативная и Либеральная партии |
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:
состоят из; общая площадь; включать; означать; отделены; западное побережье; гористый; равнина; самая глубокая; оказывать влияние на климат; круглый год; глава государства; во главе; палата.
3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1. Where is the UK situated?
2. What countries is the UK made of?
3. What channel separates the British Isles from the European continent?
4. The surface of the British Isles varies very much, doesn’t it?
5. What is the north of Scotland called?
6. What is the highest mountain in Scotland?
7. Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain?
8. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild?
9. Is the UK a large country?
10. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. What does it produce?
4. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова и словосочетания (текст Б):
bagpipe music; conquered; poet; atmosphere; kilts; united; parliament.
Scotland
Area: 78,769 sq km
Population: 5,200,000
Capital: Edinburgh
Political: Scotland is a part of the United Kingdom. It has its own 1___, legal system, education system and even its own international football team.
History: The Romans never 2___ Scotland. Between AD 120 and 140, they built Hadrian's Walt, a huge wall of 118 km, to protect their Empire south of the Scottish border. In the middle ages, Scotland became a 3___ country. There were many wars between England and Scotland. In 1603 the Scottish king, James VI, became King of England and a century later Scotland and England were united.
Scotland is famous for its own culture. Here are some of the ways in which visitors to Scotland can join in the fun:
Scotland celebrates Hogmanay, New Year, with 4___ and dancing in the street throughout the night. At midnight, there are fireworks and everyone sings 'Auld lang syne', a song by Robert Burns, a famous Scottish poet. Around the New Year period, Scottish families go 'first footing', visiting the houses of friends and relations to continue the celebrations!
Robert Burns is Scotland's national 5___ and Scottish people have a big dinner every year to celebrate his birthday. The dinner begins with the sound of bagpipes and the 'haggis', Scotland's national dish, a kind of sausage made from the heart and other organs of a sheep. Then everyone reads poems and sings songs written by the great 'Rabbie Burns' himself.
Nearly every weekend in the summer there are highland games somewhere in Scotland, but the biggest games are at Cowal. People from all over the world come to watch or take part. Over three thousand bagpipers and drummers play all day and there is a wonderful 6___. There are highland dancing competitions as well as events like throwing the hammer or 'tossing the caber' – throwing a large tree as far as possible. All the athletes wear traditional 7___.