The System of Education in Great Britain
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (текст А):
British Schools
All British children must stay at school from the age of 5 until they are 16. Many of them stay longer and take final examinations when they are 17 or 18. Before 1965 all children of state schools had to go through special intelligence tests. There were different types of state secondary schools and at the age of 11 children went to different schools in accordance with the results of the tests.
State schools are divided into the following types:
Grammar schools. Children who go to grammar schools are usually those who show a preference for academic subjects, although many grammar schools now also have some technical courses.
Technical schools. Some children go to technical schools. Most courses there are either commercial or technical.
Modern Schools. Boys and girls who are interested in working with their hands and learning in a practical way can go to a technical school and learn some trade.
Comprehensive schools. These schools usually combine all types of secondary education. They have physics, chemistry, biology laboratories, machine workshops for metal and woodwork and also geography, history and art departments, commercial and domestic courses.
There are also many schools which the State does not control. They are private schools. They charge fees for educating children, and many of them are boarding schools, at which pupils live during the term time.
After leaving school many young people go to colleges of further education. Those who become students at Colleges of Technology (called “Techs”) come from different schools at different ages between 15 and 17. The lectures at such colleges, each an hour long, start at 9.15 in the morning and end at 4.45 in the afternoon.
Тематический словарь
to stay at school – учиться в школе
to take final examinations – сдавать выпускные экзамены
a state school – государственная школа
to go through special intelligence tests – сдавать спец. тест на уровень интеллектуального развития
a secondary school – средняя школа
a grammar school – «грамматическая школа»
to show a preference for academic subjects – проявлять склонность к академическим дисциплинам
technical courses – технические предметы
a technical school – «техническая» школа
a modern school – «современная» школа
a trade – профессия
a comprehensive school – общеобразовательная школа
a workshop – мастерская
a domestic course – домоведение
a private school – частная школа
to charge fees for educating smb. – брать деньги за обучение
a boarding school – интернат
a term – семестр
a college of farther education – колледж дальнейшего образования
a College of Technology – технический колледж
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:
в возрасте от … до; в соответствии с; делятся на; или … или; интересоваться; включать в себя; в течение семестра.
3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1. At what age must British children stay at school?
2. What groups are state schools divided into?
3. What is a private school?
4. What do many young people do after leaving school?
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (текст А):
Britain’s Universities
There are about 90 universities in Britain. They are divided into three types: the old universities (Oxford, Cambridge and Edinburgh Universities), the 19th century universities such as London and Manchester universities, and the new universities. Some years ago there were also polytechnics. After graduating from a polytechnic a student got a degree, but it was not a university degree. 31 former polytechnics were given university statusin 1992.
Full courses of study offer the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science. Most degree courses at universities last 3 years, language courses 4 years (including a year spent abroad). Medicine and dentistry courses are longer (5-7 years).
Students may receive grants from their Local Education Authority to help pay for books, accommodation, transport and food. This grant depends on the income of their parents.
Most students live away from home, in flats or halls of residence.
Students don't usually have a job during term time because the lessons, called lectures, seminars, classes or tutorials, are full time. However, many students now have to work in the evenings.
University life is considered "an experience". The exams are competitive but the social life and living away from home are also important. The social life is excellent with a lot of clubs, parties, concerts, bars.
There are not only universities in Britain but also colleges. Colleges offer courses in teacher training, courses in technology and some professions connected with medicine.
Тематический словарь
a polytechnic – политехнический институт
to graduate from – окончить вуз
to get a degree – получить степень
a university degree – университетская степень
to be given university status – получить университетский статус
a course of study – курс обучения
to offer the degree of – предоставить степень
Bachelor of Arts or Science – бакалавр гуманитарных или естественных наук
a degree course – курс, заканчивающийся присвоением степени
to receive a grant – получить стипендию
Local Education Authority – местный орган образования
to pay for accommodation – платить за жилье
to depend on the income of smb. – зависеть от дохода кого-либо
to live away from home – жить вне дома
a hall of residence - общежитие
a tutorial – практическое занятие
competitive – конкурсный (об экзамене)
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:
бывший; продолжаться, длиться; медицинский курс; курс для будущих дантистов; предлагать курс подготовки учителей; технический курс.
3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1. What are the three types of universities in Great Britain?
2. What degrees do students get after finishing full courses of study?
3. What grants do students receive?
4. Why is the university life considered "an experience"?
5. What courses do colleges offer?
4. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова и словосочетания (текст Б):
governing body; colleges; library; head; beginning.
Cambridge is one of two major universities of England, located at Cambridge, on the Cam River. It was founded at the 1___ of the 12th century. The University comprises 20 different bodies, called 2___. Each of the colleges is a self-governing body and the control of its affairs rests with its 3___ and fellows.
The supreme 4___ of the University is the senate, which consists of doctors and masters in all faculties.
A botanical garden, an observatory, and an anatomy school are maintained by the University. The 5___ contains more that 1,250,000 printed books and over 2,500 maps. Each of the colleges has a library of its own.