Переведите предложения
A 1) Every mother wishes her children to be happy. 2) I saw the taxi stop at the door. 3) The engineer thought these young workers to be right. 4) We believe them to follow our advice. 5) Nobody noticed her to leave the room. 6) He wanted us to come and see his new tape-recorder. 7) She did not expect me to do it so quickly. 8) Have you seen him make this experiment? 9) I heard somebody mention his name at the last meeting. 10) I heard her come in but I didn't see her leave the house.
B1) Every businessman would tike fuel and raw materials to be cheap. 2) We expected our equipment to be more expensive. 3) The Parliament wanted the new law to be adopted at the first reading. 4) They did not want the minister to take part in the election. 5) The head of the Government invited the ministers to come. 6) We would like the prices to be reduced by 5% and the taxes to be cut. 7) The interbank credit market watches the credit activity to be guided by certain rules. 8) The financial market considers price reduction for state treasury bills to be temporary. 9) The main banker believed the whole problem to be one of the reasons for banking crisis.
C1) Не wanted his staff not to lower quantitative indicators. 2) The agency considers large advantages must initially be established for individuals. 3) Energy suppliers never expected their initiatives to produce bad results. 4) The government is interested in the enterprises to flourish. 5) We expect the transport formalities to be completed within the next 8-10 weeks. 6) The bank expected $8 million to be paid into the account of that enterprise. 7) The author has undertaken a political-economic analysis of the current recession and shows it to be the historic consequence of the workings of the system.
§10 Инфинитив в сложном сказуемом
Complex Subject
· Эта конструкция состоит из подлежащего и сложного сказуемого - глагола в личной форме и инфинитива.
a) You seem to know French.
b) The book is said to be very interesting.
Особенность данного оборота заключается в том, что действие, выражаемое инфинитивом, относится к подлежащему а стоящий перед инфинитивом глагол указывает на отношение к этому действию говорящего или вообще неуказанного лица.
На русский язык английское подлежащее переводится подлежащим, инфинитив - сказуемым, а глагол в личной форме - глаголом множественного числа, вводимым словом или фразой:
a) Вы, кажется, знаете французский язык.
b) Говорят, что книга очень интересная.
· Этот оборот опознаётся по сказуемому, в качестве которого могут выступать только определённые глаголы. Их можно разделить на три группы:
1глаголы, употребляемые в действительном залоге
| кажется, по-видимому |
seem
appear
prove*
turnout оказывается, как оказалось
happen
*proved to be - оказался (переводить придаточным предложением в этом случае не обязательно)
Глаголы, употребляемые в страдательном залоге
is known известно
is said говорят
is believed
is considered считают, полагают
is thought
is reported (как) сообщают
is supposed* предполагают, предполагается
is expected* ожидают, ожидается
* можно переводить глаголом «должен» или глаголом будущего времени.
You are supposed to do this exercise at home.
- Вы должны выполнить это упражнение дома.
Не is expected to come by 2 o'clock.
- Он должен прийти к двум часам.
Сочетания с глаголом «to be»
is likely - вероятно, по всей вероятности, может быть
is not likely - маловероятно, вряд ли, едва ли
is unlikely - не может быть
is sure - конечно, несомненно, безусловно
• При переводе необходимо учитывать время глагола, стоящего перед инфинитивом, а также форму инфинитива.
He is considered to be ... - Считают (считается), что он ...
He was considered to be ... - Считали (считалось), что он ...
· Infinitive indefinite и Continuous переводится глаголом настоящего времени, a Infinitive Perfectи Perfect Continuous - прошедшего времени.
He is said to go to London. - Говорят, что он едет в Лондон.
He is said to have gone to London. - Говорят, что он уехал в Лондон.
They are thought to complete the work in time.
They are thought to have completed the work in time.
Примечание 1 Оборот Complex Subject аналогичен безличной пассивной конструкции типа «It is known that...».
Сравните:
It is said that they work much at this problem.
They are said to work much at this problem.
- Говорят, что они много работают над этой проблемой.
Примечание 2 Сравните употребление и перевод «вводящих» глаголов в конструкциях Complex Object и Complex Subject.
а) We expect them to come tomorrow. Active Voice – Complex Object
Мы ожидаем, что они придут завтра.
They are expected to come tomorrow. Passive Voice - Complex Subject
Ожидают, что они придут завтра.
b) I heard them speak about the replacement of old equipment
They were heard to speak about the replacement of old equipment.
c) We think them to complete the construction of the pipeline next month.
The construction of the pipeline is thought to be completed next month.
Упражнения
1. Переведите предложения, содержащие оборот Complex Subject.
А 1) The creation of complex modern machinery is considered to require a high technical level. 2) This discovery proved to be of special value for this branch of industry. 3) He proved to be a capable engineer. 4) She seems to be always in time. 5) He appears to have read a large number of books. 6) Statistics is considered to be a powerful instrument of state administration. Statistical agencies are known to provide management bodies with all the data they need. 7) In modern economy wages are believed to be the price of labour. 8) Production planning may be said to start with the production plans of the board of directors.
В 1) This approach seems to ignore the objective conditions. 2) For the foreigner this monetary system seems to be rather a complicated one. 3) The first reference to cotton is known to have been made 2500 years ago. The Nile valley is said to be its native land. 4) This is unlikely to happen over the next two months. 5) Commercial bank is not supposed to distribute state subsidies. 6) Stock exchanges are required to maintain a fair and orderly market in the securities assigned to them. 7) All the main slogans of the miners' strike are rumoured to have been okayed beforehand. 8) Patterns are supposed to point toward several possibilities.
С 1) The contract between the two countries was supposed to give a boost to Russian telecommunications in the regions. 2) The decree can be said to be a victory for the miners. 3) The joint-stock company seems to be satisfied with the preliminary document signed. 4) The decree in question (о котором идёт речь) was expected to be issued last autumn. 5) All developed countries seemed to take economic and social progress for granted. 6) The introduction of regulation instruments was supposed to be long time ago. 7) The biggest increase in consumer prices was reported in the Central economic district. 8) Manager is supposed to delegate authority and responsibility to others. 9) A crisis is expected to be followed by a depression.