Ex. 7. Выразите согласие или несогласие.

1. No errors occur in bookkeeping.
2. It is not important if the numbers in bookkeeping are reversed.
3. It is not difficult to locate an error.
4. It is necessary to check and recheck all the postings if the trial balance does not balance.

Ex. 8. Проверьте, как вы поняли текст. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What errors occur in bookkeeping?
2. Is it easy to locate an error?
3. Why must the bookkeeper try to avoid errors?
4. What does the bookkeeper have to do if the trial balance does not balance?

Ex. 9. Заполните пропуски словами из рамки.

bookkeeping, was paid, kept records, was repaid, debits

___ goes to Roman times. The money lenders ___ _ of their transactions. Money ___ on the right and it was put on their left when it ___. The practice was later used to record ___ on the right and ___ on the left.

REVISION EXERCISES

Ex. 10. Дайте развёрнутые ответы на вопросы.

1. What is an entry and what is a posting?
2. What information is given in the chart of accounts?
3. When and why are the accounts verified?
4. When doesn’t the trial balance balance?
5. What should be done to avoid errors?

Ex. 11. а) Прочитайте текст и переведите его.

The method of bookkeeping in use is the method of double entry. This method means that each debit entry has a corresponding credit entry, and each credit entry has a corresponding debit entry.

All the items which are recorded in all the accounts on the debit side should equal all the items which are recorded on the credit side of the books. In accounting a trial balance is periodically drawn up to make sure that the two sides of the book “balance”.

A form of a trial balance is made up by listing all the accounts, adding all the debit entries and at the same time adding all the credit entries.

At first sight^[12] the balancing of a trial balance may seem correct. This, however, may be wrong. It means that some types of errors were not made, but there are other types of errors which are not seen in the totals (общая сумма) of a trial balance.

b) Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does the double entry bookkeeping mean?

2. Why is a trial balance drawn up?

3. What information is included in the trial balance?

4. What errors can be found in accounts?

5. What errors can lead to serious problems?

6. What kind of errors are difficult to find?

Ex. 12. Заполните пропуски словами из рамки. Некоторые слова могут повторяться.

value, entries, are checked, item, errors,involve, number, posted

Double entry systems guarantee that ___ of the data are made properly. However ___ can appear from a ___ of sources. Sometimes accounts can be ___ wrongly, for example, a cash expense on marketing can be ___ to office expenses. If items are posted to balance sheet accounts instead of the profit and loss accounts, it can ___ serious problems.

It is easy for an ___ on one side of the double entry system to have an error of equal ___ on the other. Such errors are very difficult to see in practice and they can be found only when the books ___ against the original documents.

Ex. 13. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где необходимо.

1. All transactions are recorded ___ the journal.
2. Each transaction is recorded as a debit ___ one account and a credit ___ another.
3. Account titles and numbers are listed ___a special page.
4. The accounts are checked ___ accuracy ___ the end ___ the accounting period.
5. The bookkeeper checks the work ___ errors.
6. The bookkeeper should avoid ___ any errors ___ the bookkeeping process.
7. Two numbers were reversed ___ writing and it was the cause ___ the error.
8. All the credits and all the debits were equal ___ each other.
9. Separate accounts are opened ___ each type of expense.
10. The check ___ the accounts showed that each posting ___ the journal was made correctly.

Ex. 14. Заполните пропуски артиклями, где необходимо.

1. Every time ___ transaction is made it is recorded in ___journal.
2. ___transaction which was recorded in ___ journal is later transferred to ___ ledger account.
3. Each account is given ___ account title.
4. ___ bookkeeper has to verify ___ accounts for ___ accuracy at ___ end of each accounting period.
5. ___ debits and ___ credits in ___ ledger should be in ___ balance.
6. ___ total of ___ debits and ___ total of ___ credits should be equal to each other.
7. In old Rome ___ value of ___ cash paid out to ___ customers was written on ___ right side.

Ex. 15. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в активном или пассивном залоге.

1. We must (to receive) a visa to go on our business trip.
2. The work has (to finish) tomorrow.
3. Each account (to give) an account title.
4. Each transaction must (to record) in the journal.
5. In the double entry system each transaction (to record) twice.
6. The transaction (to post) later to the account in the ledger.
7. Every entry (to transfer) to a book of accounts.
8. An account title (to give) to each account.
9. The bookkeeper has (to verify) the accounts for accuracy.
10. How long it (to take) to correct this error?
11. The entry with incorrect information can (to reverse).