Subjunctive Mood in conditional sentences
Type 0 – deals with scientific facts, laws of nature, general truth.
Type1 – represent smth quite possible, the action as real and any tense form is possible, since it the indicative mood.
Type2 – refers to unreal present that is used when talking about imaginary situation now.
Type3 – refers to unreal past and is used when talking about imaginary situation then.
Sentences of split condition (mixed) – are used when the main and subordinate clauses have different time reference.
39. The Subjunctive Mood is used in object clauses:
(a) When the predicate of the principal clause is expressed by the verb to wish. If the action expressed in the object clause is simultaneous with that of the principal clause the Past Subjunctive of the verb to be is used; with other verbs the same meaning is expressed by the Past Indefinite of the Indicative Mood.
I wish I were a girl again. Я хотела бы быть снова девочкой.
1 wish she felt as I do. Я бы хотела, чтобы она чувствовал то же, что и я.
Не wished he had someone to talk to ... (Wilson)
If the action expressed in the object clause is prior to that of the principal clause the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used.
Auntie, I wish I had not done it. Тетя, мне очень жаль, что я это сделал.
The above examples show that such sentences are often translated by means оf как жаль, мне жаль.
The analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary would (for all persons) is also used in object clauses after the verb to wish. This form is used only in sentences referring to the present or future; it is possible only if the subject of the principal clause is not the same as the subject of the object clause. It is chiefly used in sentences expressing request or annoyance.
I wish you would stay with me for a while. Я бы хотел, чтобы вы побыли немного со мной.
With the verb to be this form is hardly ever used.
(b) The Subjunctive Mood is used in object clauses introduced
by the conjunction lest if in the principal clause the predicate is
expressed by a verb denoting fear.
The mood auxiliary should is used for all persons.
She fears (feared) lest she should be blamed. Она боится (боялась), как бы ее не осудили.
After verbs denoting fear object clauses are often introduced by the conjunction that, in which case the Indicative Mood is used often with the modal verb may (might).
She fears (feared) that she will (would) be blamed. She fears (feared) that she may (might) be blamed.
(c) The Subjunctive Mood is used in object clauses when we
find verbs and word-groups denoting order, suggestion, advice, de
sire, etc. in the principal clause. The analytical subjunctive with
the mood auxiliary should (for all persons) is used.
He orders (ordered)
He suggests (suggested)
He proposes (proposed) that everything should be ready by 5.
He demands (demanded)
He desires (desired)
He insists (insisted)
He is anxious (was anxious)
He will see (he saw) to it
Mr. Micawber was very anxious that I should stay to dinner. Мистеру Микоберу очень хотелось, чтобы я остался обедать.
In American English we often find the Present Subjunctive in this case.
... she insisted that they open a bottle of wine and toast his
success.. (Stone) Она настаивала, чтобы они откупорили бутылку вина и выпили за его успех
40. The Subjunctive Mood is used in subject clauses after a principal clause of the type It is necessary,
It is important, etc. The analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should is used for all persons.
It is (was) necessary
It is (was) important
It is (was) right
It is (was) requested
| that he should come. |
It is (was) recommended
It is (was) obligatory
It is (was) better (best)
It is (was) desirable
It is (was) of vital importance
It was necessary that the child's history should be knownto none.
Надо было, чтобы историю этого ребенка никто не узнал.
It is better for these young men ... that they should not remainhere.
Для этих молодых людей ... лучше, чтобы они не оставались здесь.
It was imperative that she should go home. Было совершенно необходимо, чтобы она поехала домой.a
41.The use of sub. Mood in adverbial clauses of comparison and concession
Adverbial clauses of concession are introduced by the conjunctions and connectives though, although, however, no matter, whatever, etc. The analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary may (might) is generally used. III F.E.- thoughhe may (might) be tired he will go to the concert.
If the action of subordinate clause is prior to that of principal clause the Perfect Infinitive is generally used.
The SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD is used in adverbial clauses of comparison introduced by the conjuctions as if and as though (The latter is more literary)
If the action of the subordinate clause is simultaneous with that of the principal clause the Past Subjunctive of verb to be is used; with other verbs the same meaning is expressed by The Past Indefinite of The Indicative Mood. IIIF.E.- she speaks (spoke) about him as if she knew him well
If the action of the subordinate clause is prior tj that of the principal clause the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used. IIIF.E.- she speaks (spoke ) about him as if she had known him for years.
42. the use of sub. Mood in predicative clauses
a) Introduced by the conjunctions as if, as though, when we find the link verbs to be, to feet, to look, to seem, etc. in the principal clause.
If the action of the subordinate clause is simultaneous with that of the principal clause the Past Subjunctive of the verb to be is used; with the other verbs the same meaning is expressed by the Past Indefinite of the Indicative Mood. IIIF.E.-I fell as if we were back seven years, Jon
b)when the subject of the principle clause is expressed by an abstract noun such as wish, suggestion, aim, idea, etc. In this case the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should (for all persons) is used. IIIF.E.- Mary`s wish that our mother shouldcome and live with her