Exercise 2. Change the sentences according to the model.
Model: A staff employee doesn't give orders.
A staff employee doesn't receive orders.
A staff employee neither gives, nor receives orders.
1. He isn't a Comptroller. He isn't a sales manager.
2. The head of the credit department doesn't advise the President. The head of the credit department doesn't report to comptroller.
3. He doesn't want to hold a position of vice-president of marketing. He doesn't want to hold a position of general manager.
4. A credit department doesn't have direct authority over a line department. A personnel department doesn't have direct authority over a line department.
5. I don't want to talk with the Boss. I don't want to talk with the Controller.
6. She doesn't like to give orders. She doesn't like to receive orders.
7. Jecky doesn't want to attend annual meeting of shareholders. Susan doesn't want to attend annual meeting of shareholders too.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions.
1. What is your relationship with your immediate superior?
2. What position in your company do you want to hold?
3. Do you want to be a sales-manager or a vice president of marketing? Give your reasons.
4. Over what positions do you have direct authority in your company?
5. What do you like more: to give orders or to receive orders?
6. Do you want to work in a staff department or in a line department? Give your reasons.
Exercise 4. Have a look at the organizational chart of the company.
| - | Research and Development Manager | ||||
| President | - | Marketing Research Manager | |||
| Chief nf the | |||||
| Credit Department | — | Executive Vice-President | Product Research Manager | ||
| Sales Manager | Production Manager | Comptroller |
What line and staff positions can you discern?
Speak about the organizational structure of this enterprise.
Exercise 5. Translate into English.
1. Мои взаимоотношения с начальником очень хорошие.
2. Мой друг занимает должность главного финансиста.
3. Я не знаком с организационной структурой нашего предприятия.
4. Он больше любит отдавать приказания, чем получать их.
5. Я предпочитаю работать в линейном отделе.
6. Штабные отделы не связаны с конечным продуктом.
7. Структура нашего предприятия сложна.
8. Я больше подхожу к штабной должности, чем к линейной.
9. Мой непосредственный начальник очень пунктуален.
10. Всферу моего непосредственного подчинения входят три руководителя групп.
11. Главный финансист имеет очень большую ответственность.
12. Я уволю моего непосредственного подчиненного. Он ленив.
Grammar Exercises
Exercise 1. Transfer the sentences from Active into Passive.
Model: The manager examines organizational structure of the firm.
Organizational structure of the firm is examined by the manager.
1. Vice-president gives orders to his employees.
2. I receive orders from the sales-manager.
3. My friend holds a position of general manager.
4. Personnel office receives resumes from prospective candidates.
5. Staff departments do different services to line departments.
6. He takes the orders and fulfils the task very quickly usually.
Model: My friend is examining the organizational chart.
The organizational chart is being examined by my friend.
1. I am sending my annual report to my immediate superior.
2. The foreman is firing his immediate subordinate.
3. Comptroller is giving the orders to his employees.
4. We are changing the organizational structure of our company.
5. The board of directors is enlarging the staff of the company.
Model: I have invested my money in real estate.
My money has been invested in real estate.
1. We have considered advantages and disadvantages of partnership.
2. I have bought the shares of IBM company.
3. This business has involved big financial resources.
4. We have elected the board of directors.
5. The board of directors have chosen the company officers.
LESSON 6
ACCOUNTING
Text
Accounting shows a financial picture of the firm. An accounting department records and measures the activity of a business. It reports on the effects of the transactions on the firms financial condition. Accounting records give a very impotant data. It is used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysts, banks and government.
Most businesses prepare regularly the two types of records. That is the income statement and balance sheet. These statements show how money was received and spent by the company.
One major tool for the analysis of accounting records is ratio analysis. A ratio analysis is the relationship of two figures. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. One ratio deals with profitability, for example, the Return on Investment Ratio. It is used as a measure of a firms operating efficiency.
The second set of ratios deals with assets and liabilities. It helps a company to evaluate its current financial position. The third set of ratios deals with the overall financial structure of the company. It analyses the value of the ownership of the firm.
Active Vocabulary
| accounting – record – to record – to measure – transaction – firm's financial condition – to provide data - creditor - independent - income statement - balance sheet - to receive - to spend - ratio analysis - profitability - Return on Investment Ratio efficiency - to evaluate - value - ownership - overall financial structure | бухгалтерский учет документ, запись, протокол записывать, регистрировать измерять сделка, банковская операция финансовое положение фирмы обеспечивать данными кредитор независимый отчет о доходах балансовый отчет получать тратить анализ коэффициентов прибыльность коэффициент возвращения инвестиций эффективность, производительность оценивать ценность, стоимость собственность полная финансовая структура |
Comprehension Questions
1. What is the purpose of accounting?
2. Who uses the data provided by accounting firms?
3. What are the two types of records which most businesses prepare?
4. What can you know analyzing the income statement and balance sheet of a company?
5. What is the purpose of the ratio analysis?
6. What categories of ratios in finance do you know?
Vocabulary Practice