Walking "Hand in Hand": Business, Labor, and Religion 4 страница

37. Abrams, "John Ramsay and the Evolution of Church Labor Relations in the CIO," pp. 95-109; Steel Labor (Southern Edition), Feb. 1950; Griffith, The Crisis of American Labor, p. 118.

38. Walter Reuther to August Scholle, Apr. 3, June 4, 1953, Box 54, Mich­igan AFL-CIO Records, "Report of the Continuations Committee," adopted at a Meeting of The Religion-Labor Conference, June 11, 1953, Box 5, Cof­fey Files.

39. Executive Board, United Gas, Coke and Chemical Workers, United CIO Convention Proposal, typescript, Oct. 23, 1953, Box 1556; George A. Crago to John G. Ramsay, Feb. 25, 1953, Box 1577, Ramsay Papers.

40. "Resolution," enclosed in George De Nucci, acting secretary-treasur­er, Ohio CIO Council to Philip Murray, Nov. 16, 1944, Box 1, John Ramsay Papers, OHS; "Minutes of Meeting," CIO Standing Committee on Religion and Labor, Mar. 4, 1955, Box 1556, Ramsay Papers; John G. Ramsay to James B. Carey, Sept. 29, 1954, Box 1909, Ramsay Papers; Charles C. Webber to George Meany and William F. Schnitzler, Dec. 1956, Mar. 2-Apr. 3, 1959, Box 38, George Meany Papers, GMA.

41. Miller, American Protestantism and Social Issues, 1919-1939, pp. 247-48; Clair M. Cook, "Religion and Labor Working Together," AFL-CIO American Fed-erationist, Aug. 1959, p. 9; Willard Uphaus to David J. McDonald, Apr. 4, 1949, Box 100, David McDonald Papers, HCLA; Witherspoon Dodge to Victor Re­uther, July 31, 1954, Box 49, CIO Washington Office Files, CIO Records, ALUA; "Board to Expand Program," Economic Justice, May 1955, p. 1.

42. Jasper Crane to Warren J. Taussig, Sept 6, 1950, Crane Papers.

43. Robert A. Schneider, "Voice of Many Waters: Church Federation in the Twentieth Century," in Between the Times, ed. Hutchinson, pp. 104-12; Pratt, The Liberalization of American Protestantism, pp. 48-49.

44. Robert Wuthnow, The Restructuring of American Religion, pp. 173-79; Schneider, "Voice of Many Waters," pp. 111-12.

45. American Council of Christian Laymen, How Red Is the Federal Coun­cil of Churches (pamphlet), 1949, Box 1592, Ramsay Papers, Verne P. Kalb (American Council of Christian Laymen), The Federal Council of Churches Takes Its Stand With Enemies of America (pamphlet), c. 1940, Pamphlet Collection, SHSW.

46. Schneider, "Voice of Many Waters," p. 110; Pratt, The Liberalization of

American Protestantism, pp. 24-30; Charles P. Taft to R. C. Robbins, Apr. 25, 1947, Box 88, Taft Papers.

47. William McGuire King, "The Reform Establishment and the Ambigu­ities of Influence/' in Between the Times, ed. Hutchinson, pp. 123-25.

48. "Politics for Protestantism," Time, Dec. 16, 1946, p. 61; J. P. Seiber-ling to Charles P. Taft, Jan. 3, 1947, Box 85, Taft Papers.

49. Charles P. Taft to Cameron P. Hall, Apr. 2, 1947, Box 85, Charles P. Taft to Samuel M. Cavert, Mar. 2, 1948, Box 89, Taft Papers.

50. Department of Research and Education of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, "Christianity and the Economic Order, Study No. 5, Freedom and Social Control in the Economic Order," Information Ser­vice, Dec. 21, 1946, pp. 7-8.

51. Department of Research and Education of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, "Christianity and the Economic Order, Study No. 1, The Economic Situation and the Christian Conscience," Information Service, Feb. 23, 1946, "Christianity and the Economic Order, Study No. 2, Labor-Management Relations," June 29, 1946.

52. David Lawrence, "Sniping at Profit-and-Loss System," United States News, Dec. 27, 1946, pp. 24-25; Jasper E. Crane to Fred G. Clark, Dec. 10, 1946, Box 1, Crane Papers.

53. "Protestants and the Profit System," Newsweek, p. 72.

54. Warren J. Taussig to Jasper Crane, Feb. 26, 1947, Box 89, Crane Pa­pers, Warren J. Taussig to Holcombe Parkes, Feb. 27, 1949; Charles P. Taft to Charles E. Wilson, Jan. 21, 1947, Box 85, Taft Papers.

55. Noel Sargent to Mr. Weisenburger, Feb. 25, 1947, Box 31, Crane Pa­pers; CIO News, Mar. 3, 1947; NAM News, Mar. 1, 1947; Francis W. McPeek, "The Church and Economic Life: Pittsburgh Conference Impressions," Social Action, June 15, 1947, pp. 4-25.

56. Howard M. Mills, "The Department of Church and Economic Life of the National Council of Churches, 1947-1966: A Critical Analysis" (Th.D. diss., Union Theological Seminary, 1970), pp. 134-39; Taussig to Parks, Feb. 27, 1947, Noel Sargent to Weisenburger, Feb. 25, 1947, Alfred P. Haake to Jas­per E. Crane, Mar. 3, 1947, Box 31, Crane Papers; "Churches Study Our Econ­omy," CC, Mar. 5, 1947, pp. 293-94.

57. "Minutes," Industrial Relations Division, Federal Council of Church­es of Christ in America, Apr. 26, 1946, Box 1582, Ramsay Papers; Jasper E. Crane to Dr. Stanley High, Oct. 13, 1949, Box 31, Crane Papers.

58. Paul G. Hoffman to Charles P. Taft, May 29, 1947, Charles P. Taft to Frank W. Pierce, May 27, 1947, Box 85, Taft Papers.

59. Charles P. Taft to Dr. Cameron P. Hall, Apr. 2, 1947, Cameron Hail to Charles P. Taft, Apr. 21, 1947, Charles P. Taft to Frank W. Pierce, May 27, 1947, Box 85, Taft Papers; Samuel McCrea Cavert, Church Cooperation and Unity in America: A Historical Review (New York: Association Press, 1970), pp. 133.

60. Cavert, Church Cooperation and Unity, pp. 133-34; Charles P. Taft to C. M. Chester, June 15, 1948, Box 89, Charles P. Taft to Cameron Hall, Mar. 13, 1950, Box 86, Charles P. Taft to John A Stephens, Mar. 19, 1951, Box 99, Taft Papers.

61. Cameron P. Hall to department member and enclosure titled "Possi­ble Subjects for Policy or Other Statements by the Department," Dec. 31, 1948, Box 85; Charles P. Taft to Cameron P. Hall, Nov. 7, 1950, Box 86, Taft Papers; Charles P. Taft to Samuel M. Cavert, May 17, 1947, Box 18, RG 18, FCC.

62. Warren J. Taussig to Jasper E. Crane, Sept. 24, Oct. 25, 1946, Mar. 26,

1947, Box 58, Crane Papers; H. P. Eells to William J. Grede, May 9, July 24, 1950, Box 6, William G. Grede Papers, SHSW; Robert Wilson to H. P. Eells, Jr., May 19, 1950, Noel Sargent to H. P. Eells, May 19, 1950, Box 23, Grede Papers; Robert Wilson, "Businesses Duty to the Church," Trends, Sept. 1950, p. 8.

63. G. Bromley Oxnam Diaries, Feb. 16, 1950, G. Bromley Oxnam Papers, LC; Charles P. Taft to Rev. James R. Smith, May 31, 1950, Box 86, Taft Pa­pers, Howard M. Mills, "The Department of the Church and Economic Life," pp. 151-56; H. P. Eells to Wm. J. Grede, July 24, 1950, Box 6, Grede Papers.

64. Thomas M. Bloch to H. P. Eells, May 19, 1950, John L. Lovett to Arthur S. Fleming, Feb. 21, 1950, Cola G. Parker to H. P. Eells, n.d„ Box 23, Grede Papers; J. Howard Pew to H. P. Eells, May 24, 1950, Box 168, Pew Papers.

65. Pratt, The Liberalization of American Protestantism, pp. 30-41, 84-88; William M. King, "The Reform Establishment," p. 137; "Suggested Plans for Financial Undergirding in Proposed National Council of Churches," Jan. 13, 1950 and additional correspondence and reports in Box 3, RG 1, NCC.

66. The planners first attempted to recruit John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Tho­mas J. Watson, and Cleveland E. Dodge. "Memorandum Concerning Plans for the Lay Advisory Committee," c. June 27, 1950, Box 3, RG 1, "Suggested Plans for Financial Undergirding in Proposed National Council of Church­es," Samuel McCrea Cavert to Bishop William G. Martin, Jan. 2, 1953, Box 3, RG 4, NCC.

67. J. Howard Pew to A. A. Zoll, Dec. 21, 1949, Box 19, J. Howard Pew to H. P. Eells, Aug. 16, 1950, Box 168, J. Howard Pew to Allan M. Frew, Dec. 31,

1948, Box 16, Pew Papers; "What Laity Are to Be Represented," CC, Dec. 13, 1950, pp. 1475-76; Pratt, The Liberalization of American Protestantism, pp. 85-86, Cavert to Martin, Jan. 2, 1953.

68. J. Howard Pew to Harold E. Stassen, July 7, 1950, J. Howard Pew to Lois Black Hunter, July 8, 1950, Lois Hunter to J. Howard Pew, July 18, 29, Sept. 20, 1950; Box 162, Pew Papers; "Summary of Convictions Expressed by Mr. Pew Regarding Basic Relationships of Economics and Religion," enclosed in Roy G. Ross to Luther A. Weigle, et al., Aug. 28, 1950, Box 3, RG 1, NCC.

69. J. Howard Pew to Donald J. Cowling, Oct. 2, 1950, J. Howard Pew to John L. Lovett, Oct. 20, 1950, Box 168; James W. Fifield to B. E. Hutchinson, Oct. 26, 1950, Box 162; J. Howard Pew to Jacob France, Nov 9, 1951, Box 152; J. Howard Pew to L. E. Faulkner, June 30, 1952, Box 148;, Verne P. Kaub to J. Howard Pew, Mar. 5, 1951, Box 30, Pew Papers.

70. "Acceptances, Lay Committee of the New National Council of the Churches of Christ, as of October 23, 1950," Box 59, Crane Papers; Jasper E. Crane to Wesley F. Rennie, Sept. 28, 1953, Box 146, Pew Papers.

71. Lois B. Hunter to J. Howard Pew, Sept. 29, 1952, Box 168, Pew Pa­pers.

72. "What Laity Are to Be Represented?" CC, Dec. 13, 1950, pp. 1475-76; Frank E. Holman to J. Howard Pew, Dec. 1, 1950; Luther Wesley Smith to Samuel McCrea Cavert and Roy G. Ross, Dec. 27, 1950, Box 4, RG 5, NCC.

73. Oxnam Diaries, Dec. 2, 1950, Jan. 3, 1951; Frank E. Holman to J. Howard Pew, Dec. 1, 1950, Jasper E. Crane to Frank E. Holman, Dec. 14, 1950, Box 59, Crane Papers; Pratt, The Liberalization of American Protestantism, p. 89.

74. Oxnam Diaries, Jan. 3, Sept. 19, Dec. 26, 1951, Jan. 25, 1952; Samuel McCrea Cavert to Dr. Emerson G. Hangen, June 10, 1952, RG 4, Box 3; Roy G. Ross to Fred Goodsell, June 5, 1952, Box 18, RG 5, NCC.

75. Jasper Crane to Herbert C. Cornuelle, Apr. 12, 1951; Jasper E. Crane to Wesley Rennie, Sept. 28, 1953, Box 146, Pew Papers.

76. Jasper E. Crane to Henry R. Luce, Aug. 23, 1951, Box 59, Crane Pa­pers; "Review of Fund Raising Operations in 1951 and Recommendations for a Future Program," Presented to the Executive Committee of the Committee on Business and Finance, Jan. 24, 1952, Box 161; J. Howard Pew to Robert E. Wilson, Nov. 13, 1951, Box 152; J. Howard Pew to Donaldson Brown, Aug. 6, 1951, Box 152; J. Howard Pew to B. E. Hutchinson, Sept. 13, 1951, Box 168, Pew Papers.

77. Oxnam Diaries, Mar. 10, 1954; Charles R. Hook to Rev. Henry Knox Sherrill, Feb. 25, 1955, Box 165, Pew Papers; Charles R. Hook to Roswell P. Barnes, Jan. 15, 1954, Box 7, RG 4, NCC.

78. Wuthnow, The Restructuring of American Religion, p. 143.

79. J. Howard Pew to Members of the National Lay Committee of the Na­tional Council of Churches, Apr. 10, 1953, Box 3, RG 4, NCC; J. Howard Pew to L. E. Faulkner, June 30, 1952; J. Howard Pew to Charter Members of the National Laymen's Committee, June 24, 1952, Box 59, Crane Papers; Mills, "The Department of Church and Economic Life," pp. 86-90.

80. "Just Who Can Say What," CC, Jan. 23, 1952, p. 92; J. Howard Pew to Dr. Derwood Fleming, July 21, 1952, Box 148, J. Howard Pew to Bishop William C. Martin, June 26, 1953, Box 147, Pew Papers.

81. J. Howard Pew to Henry K. Sherrill, Oct. 6, 1952, Box 3, RG 4, NCC; A. Dudley Ward to Charles P. Taft, Nov. 13, 1952, Box 102, Taft Papers; De­partment of Church and Economic Life, Division of Christian Life and Work, National Council of Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., Meeting of the Gener­al Committee, Minutes, Oct. 19-20, 1951, Box 39, RG 6, NCC; "National Council Problems," CC, Jan. 2, 1952, p. 8.

82. Samuel McCrea Cavert to Cameron P. Hall, Mar. 20, 1953, Box 2, RG 4; Jasper E. Crane to J. Howard Pew, July 1, 1954, Box 60, Crane Papers; Com­mittee on Policy and Strategy, Minutes, Aug. 1954, Box 8, RG 4, NCC; Ox­nam Diaries, June 18, 1954.

83. Mills, "The Department of Church and Economic Life," pp. 222-64; Hutchinson, The Liberalization of American Protestantism, pp. 93-94; Roy G. Ross to Edwin B. Lindsay, Sept. 9, 1954, Box 7, RG 4, NCC; Pew to Bishop W. C. Martin, Apr. 14, 1953, Box 147. See Box 7, RG 4, NCC, Box 98, Taft Papers, Box 59, Crane Papers and Box 146, Pew Papers for correspondence dealing with revision of the statement.

84. "Remarks of Charles P. Taft at the General Board, National Council of Churches," Jan. 20, 1954, Box 60; Charles P. Taft to L. B. Odell, June 1, 1954, Box 99; Jasper E. Crane to Paul E. Wise, Aug. 29, 1955, Box 107; William Ad­ams Brown to Charles P. Taft, Jan. 15, 1954, Box 98, Taft Papers; Mills, "The Department of Church and Economic Life," pp. 265-93; "Christianity and Economic Life," Social Action: A Magazine of Christian Concern, Jan. 1955, pp. 6-15.

85. John C. Bennett, "Whither the National Council," Christianity and Cri­sis, Jan. 7, 1952, pp. 177-78; Emerson G. Hangen to Executive Committee, National Council of Churches, June 5, 1952, RG 4, Box 3, NCC; David Bur­gess to Cameron Hall, Oct. 10, 1951, Box 41, RG 6, NCC; George A. Crago to John Ramsay, Feb. 25, 1953, Box 1577, Ramsay Papers.

86. See Oxnam diaries for his continuing concern about the Lay Commit­tee and his efforts to undercut its influence; J. Howard Pew to B. E. Hutchin­son, Oct. 27, 1953, Dr. H. N. Morse to Dr. Roy G. Ross, Mar. 15, 1954, Box 60, Crane Papers.

87. Pew to Samuel McCrea Cavert, Jan. 29, 1953, Box 4, RG 4, NCC; "Lay­men and Clergy at Odds on Role of Church in Politics," U.S. News & World Report, Feb. 3, 1956, p. 44; J. Howard Pew, The Chairman's Final Report to the Members of the National Lay Committee of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA, Dec. 15, 1955, pp. 33-35, Presbyterian Historical Society.

88. NYT, Mar. 12, 1953; David Lawrence, "Keep the Churches Out of Pol­itics," U.S. News & World Report, Apr. 2, 1954, p. 132.

89. Jasper E. Crane to Bishop William C. Martin, May 14, 1954, Box 60; Jasper E. Crane to Dr. Eugene C. Blake, Oct. 18, 1954, Jasper E. Crane to Bish­op G. Bromley Oxnam, Oct. 8, 1953, J. Howard Pew to B. E. Hutchinson, Oct. 27, 1953, Box 60, Crane Papers.

90. "National Lay Committee Report," May 9, 1954, Jasper E. Crane to Bishop William C. Martin, May 14, 1954, B. E. Hutchinson to Jasper E. Crane, July 13, 1954, Box 60, Crane Papers; Edwin B. Lindsay to J. Howard Pew, June 9, 29, 1954, Box 104, Taft Papers; Charles P. Taft to J. Howard Pew, July 2, 1954, Box 61, Crane Papers; Oxnam Diaries, Sept. 14, 1954, Jan. 5, 1955.

91. "Meeting of National Council Officers with Subcommittee of the Na­tional Lay Committee," transcript, Oct. 29, 1954, Box 165, Pew Papers; Eu­gene Carson Blake to J. Howard Pew, Jan. 19, 1955, Box 9, RG 3, NCC; J. Howard Pew to Jasper E. Crane, June 10, 1955, Box 165, Pew Papers; Jasper E. Crane to J. Howard Pew, July 14, 1954, Box 60, Crane Papers; Toy, "The National Lay Committee," p. 203.

92. B. E. Hutchinson to J. Howard Pew, May 24, 1955, Box 41, Charles R. Hook to H. Howard Pew, Aug. 4, 1954, Box 61, Crane Papers; L. J. Fletcher to J. Howard Pew, Mar. 29, 1955, Robert E. Wilson to J. Howard Pew, Feb. 17, 1955, Box 165, Pew Papers.

93. Businessmen like Charles E. Wilson, Robert E. Wilson, Charles R. Hook, B. E. Hutchinson, and even Charles P. Taft continued to put pressure on the Council to limit the number of statements on controversial issues. See, for instance, Charles E. Wilson to Roy Ross, Sept. 25, 1956, Box 13, RG 11, Roy

Ross to Charles E. Wilson, Oct. 3, 1956; Charles R. Hook to Dr. Eugene Car­son Blake, Feb. 14, 1955, Box 165, Pew Papers; Pratt, The Liberalization of American Protestantism, pp. 103-4.

94. Steven Rosswurm, "A Betrayal of Isaiah's Promise: Labor Priests, La­bor Schools, the ACTU and the Expelled Unions," paper presented to Chica­go Area Labor History Group, Newberry Library, Sept. 15, 1989.

95. Businessman Frank W. Pierce argued that "lay participation is mak­ing the Protestant denominations and the National Council more acceptable to the average American. The change in attitude toward private enterprise and the profit motive is the result of more lay people in contact with church leaders." Frank W. Pierce to Louis Hunter, Sept. 17, 1954, Box 61, Crane Pa­pers; Noel Sargent to Dr. William Harllee Bordeaux, Jan 18, 1955, Ace. 1411, NAM 1/163; Noel Sargent to H. C. McClellan, Aug. 28, 1954, Ace. 1411, NAM 1/164.

96. "No Smoke in Pittsburgh," CC, May 2, 1956, pp. 541-43.